Wörter Von Og 12 (Sc)

Front 1

profess (v)

(pro'fess)

Back 1

1) to claim that sth is true or correct, especially when it is not:
e.g. She still professes her innocence
e.g. I don’t profess to be an expert in this subject
= behaupten
= vorgeben

2) to state openly that you have a particular belief, feeling, etc.
SYN = declare
e.g. He professed his admiration for their work
e.g. She professed herself satisfied with the progress so far
= bekennen
= bekunden

3) to belong to a particular religion:
e.g. to profess Christianity / Islam / Judaism

Front 2

cutback (n)

Back 2

[usually pl.] cutback (in sth) a reduction in sth:

e.g. cutbacks in public spending
e.g. staff cutbacks

= Kürzung
= Abbau
= Reduktion

Front 3

hamper (v)

Back 3

verb:

[often passive] to prevent sb from easily doing or achieving sth
SYN = hinder
= behindern
= erschweren

noun:

1) a large basket with a lid, especially one used to carry food in:
e.g. a picnic hamper
= Korb

2) (especially BrE) a box or package containing food, sent as a gift:
e.g. a Christmas hamper
= Geschenkkorb

3) (NAmE) a large basket that you keep your dirty clothes in until they are washed
= Wäschekorb

Front 4

worship (n) / (v)

('wörschip)

Back 4

noun:

1) the practice of showing respect for God or a god, by saying prayers, singing with others, etc.; a ceremony for this:
e.g. an act / a place of worship
e.g. ancestor worship
e.g. morning worship (= a church service in the morning)

2) a strong feeling of love and respect for sb/sth
SYN = adoration

3) His, Your, etc. Worship [C] (BrE, formal) a polite way of addressing or referring to a magistrate or mayor

verb (-pp-, NAmE also -p-):

1) to show respect for God or a god, especially by saying prayers, singing, etc. with other people in a religious building

2) to go to a service in a religious building:
e.g. We worship at St Mary’s
e.g. He worshipped at the local mosque

3) to love and admire sb very much, especially so much that you cannot see their faults:
e.g. She worships her children
e.g. He worshipped her from afar (= he loved her but did not tell her his feelings)

Front 5

goddess (n)

('godess)

Back 5

1) a female god:
e.g. Diana, the goddess of hunting
= Göttin

2) a woman who is loved or admired very much by other people:
e.g. a screen goddess (= a female film / movie star)
= angebetete Frau

Front 6

elaborate (adj) / (v)

Back 6

adj:

[usually before noun] very complicated and detailed; carefully prepared and organized:
e.g. elaborate designs
e.g. She had prepared a very elaborate meal
e.g. an elaborate computer system
= durchdacht
= ausgefeilt
= kompliziert
= aufwändig
= kunstvoll
= umständlich
etc.

verb:

1) ~ (on / upon sth) to explain or describe sth in a more detailed way:
e.g. He said he was resigning but did not elaborate on his reasons
e.g. She went on to elaborate her argument
= näher ausführen
= genau darlegen

2) [vn] to develop a plan, an idea, etc. and make it complicated or detailed:
e.g. In his plays he takes simple traditional tales and elaborates them
= verfeinern
= ausfeilen

Front 7

treatise (n)

('triitis)

Back 7

treatise (on sth) a long and serious piece of writing on a particular subject

= (wissenschaftliche) Abhandlung

Front 8

advocate (v) / (n)

Back 8

verb:

(formal) to support sth publicly:
e.g. The group does not advocate the use of violence
e.g. Many experts advocate rewarding your child for good behaviour

noun:

1) advocate (of / for sth/sb) a person who supports or speaks in favour of sb or of a public plan or action:
e.g. an advocate for hospital workers

2) a person who defends sb in court

Front 9

as though

Back 9

= als ob

Front 10

tentacle (n)

('tentecl)

Back 10

1) a long thin part of the body of some creatures, such as an octopus, used for feeling or holding things, for moving or for getting food:
e.g. Tentacles of fear closed around her body

2) tentacles [pl.] (usually disapproving) the influence that a large place, organization or system has and that is hard to avoid:
e.g. The tentacles of satellite television are spreading even wider

Front 11

spawn (v) / (n)

('spoon)

Back 11

verb:

1) (of fish, frogs, etc.) to lay eggs
= laichen
= ablaichen

2) (often disapproving) to cause sth to develop or be produced:
e.g. The band’s album spawned a string of hit singles
= hervorbringen

noun:

a soft substance containing the eggs of fish, frogs etc.
= Laich

Front 12

rivalry (n)

('raivelri)

Back 12

(pl. -ries) rivalry (with sb/sth) (for sth) | rivalry (between A and B) (for sth) a state in which two people, companies, etc. are competing for the same thing:

e.g. a fierce rivalry for world supremacy
e.g. here is a certain amount of friendly rivalry between the teams
e.g. sibling rivalry (= between brothers and sisters)

Front 13

artisan (n)

('aartisan)

Back 13

(formal) a person who does skilled work, making things with their hands
SYN = craftsman

= Handwerker
= Kunsthandwerker

Front 14

expend (v)

Back 14

expend sth (in / on sb) | expend sth (in / on / doing sth)

(formal) to use or spend a lot of time, money, energy, etc.:

e.g. She expended all her efforts on the care of home and children

= aufwenden
= ausgeben
= aufbrauchen

Front 15

enshrine (v)

Back 15

enshrine sth (in sth)
(formal) to make a law, right, etc. respected or official, especially by stating it in an important written document:
e.g. These rights are enshrined in the country’s constitution
= verankern

Front 16

brisk (adj)

Back 16

1) quick; busy:
e.g. a brisk walk
e.g. to set off at a brisk pace
e.g. Ice-cream vendors were doing a brisk trade (= selling a lot of ice cream)

2) (of a person, their voice or manner) practical and confident; showing a desire to get things done quickly:
e.g. His tone became brisk and businesslike

3) (of wind and the weather) cold but pleasantly fresh:
e.g. a brisk wind / breeze

Front 17

briskness (n)

Back 17

= Frische
= Lebhaftigkeit
= Munterkeit
etc.

Front 18

decent (adj)

Back 18

1) of a good enough standard or quality:
e.g. (informal) a decent meal / job / place to live
e.g. I need a decent night’s sleep

2) (of people or behaviour) honest and fair; treating people with respect:
e.g. ordinary, decent, hard-working people
e.g. Everyone said he was a decent sort of guy

3) acceptable to people in a particular situation:
e.g. a decent burial
e.g. That dress isn’t decent
e.g. She ought to have waited for a decent interval before getting married again

4) (informal) wearing enough clothes to allow sb to see you:
e.g. I can’t go to the door—I’m not decent

Front 19

exhale (v)

('exheil)

Back 19

to breathe out the air or smoke, etc. in your lungs:

e.g. He sat back and exhaled deeply
e.g. She exhaled the smoke through her nose

OPP = inhale

Front 20

allege (v)

(a'lätsch)

Back 20

[often passive] (formal) to state sth as a fact but without giving proof:
e.g. The prosecution alleges (that) she was driving carelessly
e.g. It is alleged that he mistreated the prisoners
e.g. He is alleged to have mistreated the prisoners
= unterstellen
= behaupten
= vorwerfen
= anbringen
= anschuldigen

Front 21

alleged (adj)

Back 21

e.g. the alleged attacker / victim / killer (= that sb says is one)

e.g. the alleged attack / offence / incident (= that sb says has happened)

= angeblich
= vermeintlich
= unterstellt
= behauptet
= mutmasslich

Front 22

depends on ...

Back 22

wrong: depends on if
correct: depends on whether

Front 23

debilitate (v)

(di'biliteit)

Back 23

1) to make sb’s body or mind weaker:
e.g. a debilitating disease
= schwächen
= entkräften

2) to make a country, an organization, etc. weaker:
e.g. Prolonged strike action debilitated the industry
= schwächen

Front 24

debilitate (v)

(di'biliteit)

Back 24

1) to make sb’s body or mind weaker:
e.g. a debilitating disease
= schwächen
= entkräften

2) to make a country, an organization, etc. weaker:
e.g. Prolonged strike action debilitated the industry
= schwächen

Front 25

educator (n)

Back 25

1) a person whose job is to teach or educate people:
e.g. adult educators (= who teach adults)

2) (especially NAmE) a person who is an expert in the theories and methods of education

Front 26

at fault for

Back 26

It can hardly be said that educators are AT FAULT FOR not anticipating the impact of microcomputer technology

Front 27

reconvene (v)

(riken'wiin)

Back 27

if a meeting, parliament, etc. reconvenes or if sb reconvenes it, it meets again after a break

= wieder beginnen
= wieder einberufen
= wieder zusammenkommen

Front 28

trench (n)

('trentsch)

Back 28

1) a long deep hole dug in the ground, for example for carrying away water
= Graben

2) a long deep hole dug in the ground in which soldiers can be protected from enemy attacks (for example in northern France and Belgium in the First World War):
= Schützengraben

3) (also ocean trench) a long deep narrow hole in the ocean floor

Front 29

site (n) / (v)

Back 29

noun:

1) a place where a building, town, etc. was, is or will be located:
e.g. the site of a sixteenth century abbey
e.g. to work on a building / construction site

2) a place where sth has happened or that is used for sth:
e.g. the site of the battle
e.g. an archaeological site

3) (computing) a place on the Internet where a company, an organization, a university, etc. puts information

verb:
[often passive] to build or place sth in a particular position:
e.g. There was a meeting to discuss the siting of the new school
e.g. The castle is magnificently sited high up on a cliff

Front 30

obstacle (n)

('obstekl)

Back 30

1) obstacle (to sth / to doing sth) a situation, an event, etc. that makes it difficult for you to do or achieve sth
SYN = hindrance
e.g. A lack of qualifications can be a major obstacle to finding a job
e.g. So far, we have managed to overcome all the obstacles that have been placed in our path
= Hindernis
= Hürde

2) an object that is in your way and that makes it difficult for you to move forward:
e.g. The area was full of streams and bogs and other natural obstacles

3) (in showjumping) a fence, etc. for a horse to jump over

Front 31

poacher (n)

('poutscher)

Back 31

1) a person who illegally hunts birds, animals, or fish on sb’s else’s property
= Wilderer

2) a special pan for poaching eggs

3) (also 'goal poacher) (especially in football (soccer)) a player who waits near the opposite team’s goal in order to try to score if they get the ball

Front 32

ulcer (n)

Back 32

a sore area on the outside of the body or on the surface of an organ inside the body which is painful and may bleed or produce a poisonous substance:
e.g. a stomach ulcer
= Geschwür

Front 33

sore (adj) / (n)

Back 33

adjective:

1) if a part of your body is sore, it is painful, and often red, especially because of infection or because a muscle has been used too much:
e.g. to have a sore throat
e.g. His feet were sore after the walk
e.g. My stomach is still sore (= painful) after the operation
= wund
= entzünden
= schmerzend

2) [not before noun] sore (at sb / about sth) (informal, especially NAmE) upset and angry, especially because you have been treated unfairly
SYN = annoyed

noun = soreness
e.g. an ointment to reduce soreness and swelling

Front 34

ointment (n)

Back 34

a smooth substance that you rub on the skin to heal a wound or sore place
SYN = cream
e.g. antiseptic ointment

Front 35

mucus (n)

('mjuukes)

Back 35

a thick liquid that is produced in parts of the body, such as the nose, by a mucous membrane
= Schleim

adjective = mucous
e.g. mucous glands (=Drüsen)

Front 36

threaten (v)

Back 36

1) threaten sb (with sth) to say that you will cause trouble, hurt sb, etc. if you do not get what you want:
e.g. They broke my windows and threatened me
e.g. he attacker threatened them with a gun

2) to seem likely to happen or cause sth unpleasant:
e.g. A storm was threatening

3) to be a danger to sth
SYN = endanger
SYN = put at risk
e.g. Pollution is threatening marine life

Front 37

threat (v)

Back 37

1) threat (to do sth) a statement in which you tell sb that you will punish or harm them, especially if they do not do what you want:
e.g. to make threats against sb
e.g. She is prepared to carry out her threat to resign
e.g. He received death threats from right-wing groups

2) the possibility of trouble, danger or disaster:
e.g. These ancient woodlands are under threat from new road developments
e.g. There is a real threat of war

3) threat (to sth) a person or thing that is likely to cause trouble, danger, etc.:
e.g. He is unlikely to be a threat to the Spanish player in the final
e.g. Drugs pose a major threat to our society

Front 38

excavation (n)

Back 38

1) the activity of digging in the ground to look for old buildings or objects that have been buried for a long time
= Ausgrabung

2) a place where people are digging to look for old buildings or objects:
e.g. The excavations are open to the public

3) the act of digging, especially with a machine
= Ausbohrung

Front 39

clog (v) / (n)

Back 39

verb:

(-gg-) clog (up) (with sth) | clog sth (up) (with sth)
to block sth or to become blocked:
e.g. The narrow streets were clogged with traffic
e.g. Tears clogged her throat
e.g. Within a few years the pipes began to clog up
= verstopfen

noun:

a shoe that is completely made of wood or one that has a thick wooden sole and a leather top
= Pantoffel

Front 40

adorn (v)

Back 40

[often passive] adorn sth/sb (with sth)
(formal) to make sth/sb look more attractive by decorating it or them with sth:
e.g. The walls were adorned with paintings
e.g. The children adorned themselves with flowers
= schmüchen
= dekorieren

noun = adornment
e.g. A plain necklace was her only adornment
= Schmuck

Front 41

corrode (v)

(ko'roud)

Back 41

to destroy sth slowly, especially by chemical action; to be destroyed in this way:

e.g. Acid corrodes metal
e.g. (figurative) Corruption corrodes public confidence in a political system
e.g. The copper pipework has corroded in places
= rosten
= zerfallen

noun = corrosion
e.g. Look for signs of corrosion
e.g. Clean off any corrosion before applying the paint
= Rostbildung
= Zerstörung

Front 42

discriminate between A and B

discriminate against sb
discriminate in favour of sb

Back 42

discriminate between A and B

discriminate against sb
discriminate in favour of sb

Front 43

conform to sth

conform with sth

Back 43

conform (to sth) =
to behave and think in the same way as most other people in a group or society:
e.g. There is considerable pressure on teenagers to conform
e.g. He refused to conform to the local customs

conform to / with sth =
to obey a rule, law, etc.
e.g. The building does not conform with safety regulations
SYN = comply


conform to sth =
to agree with or match sth:
e.g. It did not conform to the usual stereotype of an industrial city

Front 44

idolization (n)

Back 44

= Vergötterung

Front 45

venerate (n)

('wenereit)

Back 45

venerate sb/sth (as sth) (formal) to have and show a lot of respect for sb/sth, especially sb/sth that is considered to be holy or very important
SYN = revere
= verehren
= bewundern

noun = veneration
= Verehrung
= Bewunderung

Front 46

vortices (n)

Back 46

plural = vortices
singular = vortex

1) (technical) a mass of air, water, etc. that spins around very fast and pulls things into its centre
SYN = whirlpool
SYN = whirlwind

2) (literary) a very powerful feeling or situation that you cannot avoid or escape from:
e.g. They were caught up in a whirling vortex of emotion

= Wirbel
= Strudel

Front 47

cultivation (n)

Back 47

1) the preparation and use of land for growing plants or crops:
e.g. fertile land that is under cultivation (= being cultivated)
e.g. rice / wheat, etc. cultivation

2) the deliberate development of a particular relationship, quality or skill:
e.g. the cultivation of a good relationship with local firms

Front 48

squash (n)

('skjuosch)

Back 48

unter anderem...

= Kürbis
= Fruchtsaftgetränk

Front 49

yellow jacket (n)

Back 49

= Wespe

Front 50

venom (n)

('wenem)

Back 50

1) the poisonous liquid that some snakes, spiders, etc. produce when they bite or sting you
= Gift

2) (formal) strong bitter feeling; hatred and a desire to hurt sb:
e.g. a look of pure venom
= Bosheit

Front 51

adhere (v)

('adhiir)

Back 51

adhere (to sth) (formal) to stick firmly to sth:
e.g. Once in the bloodstream, the bacteria adhere to the surface of the red cells
= festhalten
= kleben
= festsaugen

Front 52

ensconce (v)

(in'skons)

Back 52

(formal) if you are ensconced or ensconce yourself somewhere, you are made or make yourself comfortable and safe in that place or position

Front 53

deities (n)

Back 53

plural = deities
singualar = deity

1) a god or goddess:
e.g. Greek / Roman / Hindu deities

2) the Deity [sing.] (formal) God

Front 54

pugnacious (adj)

('pagneisches)

Back 54

(formal) having a strong desire to argue or fight with other people
SYN = bellicose
= kampflustig
= streitsüchtig

noun = pugnacity

Front 55

salvage (n) / (v)

('selwitsch)

Back 55

noun:

1) the act of saving things that have been, or are likely to be, damaged or lost, especially in a disaster or an accident:
e.g. the salvage of the wrecked tanker
e.g. a salvage company / operation / team

2) the things that are saved from a disaster or an accident:
e.g. an exhibition of the salvage from the wreck

verb:

1) salvage sth (from sth) to save a badly damaged ship, etc. from being lost completely; to save parts or property from a damaged ship or from a fire, etc.:
e.g. he wreck was salvaged by a team from the RAF
e.g. We only managed to salvage two paintings from the fire

2) to manage to rescue sth from a difficult situation; to stop a bad situation from being a complete failure:
e.g. What can I do to salvage my reputation? (= get a good reputation again)
e.g. He wondered what he could do to salvage the situation
e.g. United lost 5–2, salvaging a little pride with two late goals

Front 56

perpetrator (n)

(perep'treitor)

Back 56

a person who commits a crime or does sth that is wrong or evil:
e.g. the perpetrators of the crime
= Täter
= Verursacher

Front 57

mere (adj)

('mier)

Back 57

adjective [only before noun] (superlative mer·est, no comparative)

1) used when you want to emphasize how small, unimportant, etc. sb/sth is:
e.g. It took her a mere 20 minutes to win
e.g. A mere 2% of their budget has been spent on publicity
e.g. He seemed so young, a mere boy
e.g. You’ve got the job. The interview will be a mere formality

2) used when you are saying that the fact that a particular thing is present in a situation is enough to have an influence on that situation:
e.g. His mere presence (= just the fact that he was there) made her feel afraid
e.g. The mere fact that they were prepared to talk was encouraging
e.g. The mere thought of eating made him feel sick
e.g. The merest (= the slightest) hint of smoke is enough to make her feel ill

Front 58

evoke (v)

(i'wouk)

Back 58

(formal) to bring a feeling, a memory or an image into your mind:

e.g. The music evoked memories of her youth
e.g. His case is unlikely to evoke public sympathy

= hervorrufen
= wachrufen

evocation = noun
e.g. a brilliant evocation of childhood in the 1940s

Front 59

bucolic (adj)

(bju'kolik)

Back 59

(literary) connected with the countryside or country life

= ländlich

Front 60

township (n)

Back 60

1) (in South Africa in the past) a town or part of a town that black people had to live in, and where only black people lived

2) (in the US or Canada) a division of a county that is a unit of local government

Front 61

incipient (adj)

(in'sipient)

Back 61

[usually before noun] (formal) just beginning:

e.g. signs of incipient unrest

Front 62

wasp (n)

Back 62

= Wespe

Front 63

excavate (v)

('exskeweit)

Back 63

1) to dig in the ground to look for old buildings or objects that have been buried for a long time; to find sth by digging in this way:
e.g. The site has been excavated by archaeologists
e.g. pottery and weapons excavated from the burial site

2) (formal) to make a hole, etc. in the ground by digging:
e.g. The body was discovered when builders excavated the area

noun = excavation

Front 64

supplicant (n)

('saplikent)

Back 64

(formal) a person who asks for sth in a humble way, especially from God or a powerful person

Front 65

reign (n) / (v)

('räin)

Back 65

noun:

1) the period during which a king, queen, emperor, etc. rules:
e.g. in / during the reign of Charles II
= Herrschaft

2) the period during which sb is in charge of an organization, a team, etc.

verb:

1) reign (over sb/sth) to rule as king, queen, emperor, etc.:
e.g. the reigning monarch
e.g. Queen Victoria reigned from 1837 to 1901
e.g. Herod reigned over Palestine at that time
= herrschen
= regieren

2) reign (over sb/sth) to be the best or most important in a particular situation or area of skill:
e.g. the reigning champion
e.g. In the field of classical music, he still reigns supreme

3) (literary) (of an idea, a feeling or an atmosphere) to be the most obvious feature of a place or moment:
e.g. At last silence reigned (= there was complete silence)

Front 66

womb (n)

Back 66

= Gebärmutter

Front 67

deem (v)

('diim)

Back 67

(formal) (not usually used in the progressive tenses) to have a particular opinion about sth

SYN = consider

e.g. The evening was deemed a great success (without as)

e.g. She deemed it prudent not to say anything

e.g. They would take any action deemed necessary

Front 68

islet (n)

Back 68

a very small island

Front 69

havoc (n)

Back 69

a situation in which there is a lot of damage, destruction or confusion:

e.g. The floods caused havoc throughout the area

e.g. Continuing strikes are beginning to play havoc with the national economy

e.g. These insects can wreak havoc on crops

= Chaos
= Verwüstung

Front 70

migratory (adj)

('maigretri)

Back 70

(technical) connected with, or having the habit of, regular migration:

e.g. migratory flights / birds

Front 71

habitat (n)

('hebitet)

Back 71

the place where a particular type of animal or plant is normally found:

e.g. The panda’s natural habitat is the bamboo forest

e.g. the destruction of wildlife habitat

Front 72

onset (n)

('onset)

Back 72

[sing.] the beginning of sth, especially sth unpleasant:

e.g. the onset of disease / old age / winter

e.g. the onset of ice ages

Front 73

caribou (n)

Back 73

= Renntier

(pl. cari·bou) a N American reindeer

Front 74

discerning (adj)

Back 74

(approving) able to show good judgement about the quality of sb/sth

Front 75

exhibit (v) / (n)

Back 75

verb:

1) exhibit (sth) (at / in … ) to show sth in a public place for people to enjoy or to give them information:
e.g. They will be exhibiting their new designs at the trade fairs
e.g. He exhibits regularly in local art galleries

2) (formal) to show clearly that you have or feel a particular feeling, quality or ability
SYN = display
e.g. The patient exhibited signs of fatigue and memory loss

noun:

1) an object or a work of art put in a public place, for example a museum, so that people can see it

2) a thing that is used in court to prove that sb is guilty or not guilty:
e.g. The first exhibit was a knife which the prosecution claimed was the murder weapon

3) (NAmE) = exhibition (1):
e.g. The new exhibit will tour a dozen US cities next year

Front 76

limb (n)

Back 76

1) an arm or a leg; a similar part of an animal, such as a wing:
e.g. an artificial limb
e.g. For a while, she lost the use of her limbs
= Körperglied

2) -limbed (in adjectives) having the type of limbs mentioned:
e.g. long-limbed Ç loose-limbed

3) a large branch of a tree
= Ast

Front 77

rubbery (adj)

Back 77

1) looking or feeling like rubber (=Gummi):
e.g. The eggs were overcooked and rubbery

2) (of legs or knees) feeling weak and unable to support your weight

Front 78

acreage (n)

('ekeritsch)

Back 78

an area of land measured in acres

= Ackerland
= Anbaufläche

Front 79

compassion (n)

Back 79

compassion (for sb) a strong feeling of sympathy for people who are suffering and a desire to help them:
e.g. to feel / show compassion

= Mitleid
= Mitgefühl

Front 80

resurgence (n)

(ri'sörtschens)

Back 80

the return and growth of an activity that had stopped

= Wiederauferstehung
= Wiederaufleben
= Wiederaufstieg

Front 81

obscure (adj) / (v)

(ob'scjuur)

Back 81

adjective:

1) not well known
SYN = unknown
e.g. an obscure German poet
e.g. He was born around 1650 but his origins remain obscure

2) difficult to understand:
e.g. I found her lecture very obscure
e.g. For some obscure reason, he failed to turn up

verb:

to make it difficult to see, hear or understand sth:
e.g. The view was obscured by fog
e.g. We mustn’t let these minor details obscure the main issue
= verbergen
= verdecken
= vernebeln
= unklar machen
= verschleiern

Front 82

fatigue (n)

(fe'tiig)

Back 82

1) a feeling of being extremely tired, usually because of hard work or exercise
SYN = exhaustion
SYN = tiredness
e.g. physical and mental fatigue
e.g. Driver fatigue was to blame for the accident
e.g. I was dropping with fatigue and could not keep my eyes open

2) (usually after another noun) a feeling of not wanting to do a particular activity any longer because you have done too much of it:
e.g. battle fatigue

3) weakness in metal or wood caused by repeated bending or stretching:
e.g. The wing of the plane showed signs of metal fatigue

4) fatigues [pl.] loose clothes worn by soldiers

5) fatigues [pl.] (especially NAmE) duties, such as cleaning and cooking, that soldiers have to do, especially as a punishment

Front 83

bestow (v)

('bistou)

Back 83

bestow sth (on / upon sb) (formal) to give sth to sb, especially to show how much they are respected:

e.g. It was a title bestowed upon him by the king