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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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List 3 types of microscopes used to study cells.
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compound light microscope, transmission electron microscope, scanning elecron microscope.
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Describe the function and composition of the plasma membrane.
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The plasma membrane is the outer limit of the cell,composed mainly of lipids and proteins. It is protecting the contents inside the cell, it participates in cellular activities such as growth, reproduction, and interactions between the cells. this is important in regulating what can enter and leave the cell.
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Decribe the cytoplasm of the cell, including the name and function of the main organelles.
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Colloidal suspension that fills the cell from the nuclear membrane to the plasma membrane. The main organelle is the Endoplasmic Reticulum (en-do-PLAS-mik- re-TIK-u-lum) and it is a network of membranes located between the nuclear membrane and the plasma membrane. It is almost always called ER.
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Membrane
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is a thin layer that seperates various stuctures or organs.
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Describe the composition, location, and function of the DNA cell.
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DNA location is almost entirely in the nucleus. The composition (the proportion and combination of certain elements to form a substance) is the nucleotides: (A) adenine, (G) guanine, (C) cytosine, (T) thymine. The function of DNA is what makes up all the chromosomes, hereditary units that control all cell activities; divided into genes that cary the nucleotide codes for the manufacture of proteins.
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Compare the function of three types of RNA in the cells.
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The messenger mRNA moves to cytoplasm and attaches to a ribosome, the rRNA (ribosome) is involved in the process of translating the gentic message into a protein, the tRNA (transfer) will translate the genetic code into protein, each molecule of tRNA carries an amino acid that can be used to build a protein at the ribosome.
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nucleotide
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Structual units of RNA,DNA and serveral cofactors.
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Explain briefly how cells make proteins.
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cells rely on instructions encoded in genes on chromosomes. Genes contain instructions on making proteins, while proteins themselves perform the bodys function.
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name and briefly explain the stages of mitosis
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there are 4 stages of mitosis. Mitosis is a continuous process, distinct changes can be seen in divinding cell at four stages. Mitosis is the process in which the cell duplicates its chromosomes to generate two idenical cells.
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First stage of mitosis
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Prophase: is a stage is mitosis in which chromatin (is the complex of DNA and protein in that makes up chromosomes), condenses into a highly ordered structure called chromosome.
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Second stage of mitosis
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Metaphase: the chromosomes line up across the center (equator) of the cell attached to the spindle fibers.
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Third stage of mitosis
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Anaphase: the centromere (is a region of chomosomes with a special sequence and structure. The centromere plays a role in cellular division and the control of gene expression), splits and the duplicated chromosomes separate and begin to move toward opposite ends of the cell.
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Fourth stage of mitosis
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Telophase: as mitosis continues into telophase a membrane appears around each group of separated chromosomes, forming new ones.
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