Wright Csf Bones

Front 1

The mineralized ECM of bone, providing support and protection

Back 1

Calcium hydroxyapetite

Front 2

Osteonectin is an example of a what? What is its purpose?

Back 2

multiadhesive glycoprotein, a non-collagenous ECM protein in the bone. It attaches collagen fibers to hydroxyapetite crystals.

Front 3

The non-collagenous matrix proteoglycans give what characteristics to bone?

Back 3

They prevent bone from mineralizing, contributing to its compressive strength

Front 4

Sialoproteins and osteopontin (non-collagenous multiadhesive) serve what purpose in the bone ECM?

Back 4

They mediate attachment of cells to bone ECM and help during mineralization

Front 5

Upon which vitamin are the bone-specific proteins of the non-collagenous type in bone ECM dependent?

Back 5

Vit. K; They include osteocalcin, protein S, and matrix Gla-protein

Front 6

Name of the ducts through which the cytoplasm of osteoclasts project and communicate with one another

Back 6

canaliculi

Front 7

A bone is formed of:

(hint: 6 components)

Back 7

- bone tissue
- hemopoietic tissue
- fat tissue
- blood vessels
- nerves
- hyaline cartilage on articular surfaces of long bone

Front 8

Another name for the bone shaft

Back 8

diaphysis

Front 9

Another name for the ends of long bones

Back 9

epiphyses

Front 10

The name for the junction of bone shaft and bone end

Back 10

metaphysis

Front 11

metacarpals are an example of what type of bone?

Back 11

long bone

Front 12

carpals are an example of what type of bone?

Back 12

short bone

Front 13

the calvaria (skull bone) is an example of what kind of bone?

Back 13

flat bone

Front 14

ethmoid bone is an example of what type of bone?

Back 14

irregular bone

Front 15

outer surface of bone = ?

Where is it not continuous?

Back 15

periosteum

covers all bone except where there is articular cartilage

Front 16

Periosteum is made of two layers:

Back 16

inner cellular layer (osteoprogenitor cells) and outer fibrous layer

Front 17

inner surface of bone = ?

Of what is it made?

Back 17

endosteum

osteoprogenitor cells, bone lining cells, osteoblasts

Front 18

red marrow consists of...

yellow marrow consists of...

Back 18

red - developing blood cells, reticular cells and fibers, blood vessels

yellow - fat cells

Front 19

with age, red marrow becomes yellow marrow, except in the...

Back 19

iliac crest and sternum

Front 20

cylindrical units that make up compact bone

Back 20

osteons (aka Haversian systems)

osteonal (Haversian) canal contains vessels and nerves

Front 21

What are the holes called through which vessels enter the bone?

Through what part(s) of a long bone do they enter?

Back 21

nutrient foramina

Diaphysis and Epiphysis

Front 22

List the types of collagen present in bone. (Hint: one type is very common, another is present in small amounts, and three others are found in trace amounts)

Back 22

type 1 - found in all bone, very prominent.
type 5 - found in small amounts
types 2, 11, and 13 - found in trace amounts

Front 23

Haversian (osteonal) canals run (with/against) the grain of lamella?

What is the name of the canals for which the other answer would be true?

Back 23

With

Voltmann's canals (a.k.a. perforating canals) run against the grain

Front 24

What part of bone (if any) is provided with lymphatic drainage?

Back 24

Only periosteum

Front 25

How does immature bone differ from mature bone?

Back 25

- "nonlamellar" - doesn't display an organized lamellar pattern; cells randomly arranged
- relatively more cells per unit area than mature bone
- matrix has more ground substance than mature bone
- less heavily mineralized than mature bone
- forms more rapidly than mature bone

Front 26

Where does immature bone exist in adults?

Back 26

Areas of remodeling or repair; tooth sockets

Front 27

Which of the following are related in terms of ancestry? In what order do they develop?
Osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteoprogenitor cells, and osteocytes

Back 27

-progenitor --> -blast --> cyte

Front 28

Osteoid

Back 28

the initially secreted unmineralized matrix, secreted by osteoblasts

Front 29

What two enzymes are used clinically as markers of osteoblast activity?

Back 29

alkaline phosphatase

osteocalcin

Front 30

Function of bone lining cells

Back 30

provide support for osteocytes

regulate movement of calcium and phosphate into and out of bone

Front 31

Three functional states of osteocytes:

Back 31

quiescence

formative

resorptive

Front 32

What stains take to osteoclasts?

Back 32

cytoplasm stains acidophilic

Front 33

name for the resorption pit in which osteoclasts sit:

Back 33

Howship's lacunae

Front 34

Osteoclasts derive from what type of cell? Under the influence of what proteins does this differentiation occur?

Back 34

derive from marrow precursors (CFU-GM)

M-CSF, TNF, and several interleukins --> all cytokines

Front 35

Later in osteoclast development, CFU-GM precursor cells express RANK (receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B) binds to RANKL (L=ligand) on what cells?

Back 35

stromal cells

Front 36

What protein blocks the binding of RANK to RANKL? What cells make it?

Back 36

osteoprotegerin (OPG)

osteoblasts

Front 37

What morphologic region on osteoclasts is characterized by deeply folded plasma membrane, proton pumps, and proximity to mito and lysosomes?

Back 37

Ruffled border

Front 38

What morphologic region is characterized by ring-like perimeter surrounding the ruffled border; containing actin filaments but lacking other organelles; associated with talin and vinculin (actin-binding prots); and adhesive proteins to help seal the cell to bone matrix?

Back 38

Clear zone

Front 39

By what means does the osteoclast decalcify the matrix?
What enz produces the active ingredient?

Back 39

Acidification; proton pumps transport protons through ruffled border, creating low pH environment

Carbonic anhydrase II produces carbonic acid

Front 40

T/F: When osteoclasts are finished with resorption, they detach from bone and enter marrow to be transported to the next site of resorption

Back 40

False. They undergo apoptosis when they are completed with resorption.

Front 41

Where does intramembranous ossification occur?

Back 41

skull, face, clavicle

Front 42

In terms of staining, calcified cartilage is _________.
Bone is ___________.

Back 42

Basophilic
Eosinophilic

Front 43

mineralization

Back 43

osteocalcin and sialoproteins bind extracellular calcium, increasing local concentration. Osteoblasts secrete Alkaline Phosphatase, increasing phosphate concentration. formation of CaPO4, deposited between collagen I fibrils.

Front 44

Is blood Ca concentration altered to maintain constant bone calcium levels or is the opposite true?

Back 44

The opposite is true.