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142 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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When should you separate sick or injured birds from the flock?
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as soon as you see them
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Why do we give chicks continuous light during the first 24 hours?
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so they can find food and water
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Why are artificial lights recommended for laying houses?
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more uniform than natural daylight
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How often should culling be done?
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daily
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Removal of sick or injured birds from a flock is called what?
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culling
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Culling, if done right, will reduce do what two things for your flock?
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reduce feed cost and prevent spread of disease
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What are the two results from culling birds
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reduce feed cost and prevent spread of disease
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Name three attributes of a good layer
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bright red comb, soft pliable abdomen, large, moist vent, 3 to 5 fingers' spread between pelvic bones
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Name three attributes of a poor layer
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dull, shriveled comb, hard, fatty abdomen, small, round, dry vent, 1 to 2 fingers' spread between pelvic bones
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At what age is it normal for hens that have been laying to take a rest? (Range)
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12-14 months
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What do you buff dirty eggs with to clean them off?
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emery cloth
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How much space should layers have?
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at least 3 sq ft per bird
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Name four of the six factors to consider when purchasing chicks
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size of poultry house, brooding equipment, amount and cost of feed, amount of time you give to the project, whether you can continue project through fall and winter, whether you have a market for eggs and meat.
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Name five management factors to consider when managing layers.
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Space, Ventilation, Light, Temperature, Access to feed and water, Roosts and Nests
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Name three of the six management techniques or factors considered during the pullets growing period?
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Space, Ventilation, Light, Temperature, Access to feed and water, Roosts and Nests
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How much light do hens need to lay daily?
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about 14 hours per day
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How many nests should you provide in a hen house?
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1 nest per 4 birds
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How high should nests be from the floor of the coop? (range)
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18 - 20 "
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When does the growing period start for pullets?
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about 6 weeks
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During the growing period - how much space do Leghorn pullets require?
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about 2 sq ft per bird
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During the growing period - how much space do larger dual-purpose birds require? (range)
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about 2 1/2 - 3 sq ft per bird
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How much feeder space should be given to pullets during the growing period?
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about 3 inches per bird
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When does the brooding period end and growing period begin for chickens?
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about 6 weeks
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How far apart should roost poles be spaced? (range)
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13-15 inches
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How much roost space should birds have? (range)
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8-10 inches a bird
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What are the two most common external parasites on chickens?
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mites and lice
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What is a common internal parasite for chickens?
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large round worm
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What disease is a virus that shows up as blisters and scabs on the combs and wattles?
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fowl pox
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Is fowl pox a bacterial infection or viral infection?
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viral
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What poultry diseases are viral respiratory diseases?
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Newcastle and bronchitis
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What percentage of the cost of raising chickens is feed cost?
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70%
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What is the cheapest nutrient but the most frequently neglected?
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water
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Name three functions of water as a nutrient in a poultry flock?
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1. softens feed, 2. aids digestion, 3. carrier of waste products, 4. involved in temperature regulation and 5. acts as a lubricant in body tissues
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When a hen flock is laying at a 90% production level, how many pounds of feed does it take to produce one dozen eggs?
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3.2 pounds of feed per one dozen eggs
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How many inches should a nest box be above the ground?
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18" to 20"
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Before you choose a breed of chickens to raise you should decide whether you want to raise chickens for what of three purposes?
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eggs, meat or dual purpose
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What breed of chicken is most used for egg production?
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Single Comb White Leghorn
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Why is the Single Comb White Leghorn most used for egg production?
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live well, grow fast, and begin laying at 5 to 5 1/2 months of age
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(range) When do Single Comb White Leghorns start laying eggs?
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5-51/2 months of age
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What type of cockerel does not make a good broiler? And Why?
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Leghorn, they do not grow fast
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What breed has been hybred to lay a large number of high quality white shelled eggs?
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Single Comb White Leghorn
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Meat-type birds are a cross between a strain of Cornish game and what other type bird?
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brown-egg dual purpose bird
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Name a couple brown-egg meat-type birds that may be crossed with Cornish game to make a broiler type chicken
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White Plymouth Rocks, Columbians, Plymouth Rocks and New Hampshires
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What are some of the benefits of raising Broiler-type chickens for meat over other meat-type chickens?
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convert feed efficiently, grow and feather rapidly and are ready to dress at 8-81/2 weeks
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At what age are broiler-type meat chickens ready to dress?
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8-8 1/2 weeks
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Dual purpose chickens were developed to provide what?
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both meat and eggs
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Name three dual purpose breeds.
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Rhode Island Reds, White Plymouth Rocks, New Hampshires, Barred Plymouth Rocks, Black Sex Links and Red Sex Links
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The Black Sex Links are a cross between what?
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Rhode Island Red male and a Barred Plymouth Rock female
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The Red Sex Links are a cross between what?
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Rhode Island Red male and a White Leghorn female
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What are two advantages to dual purpose birds?
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hardy, lay large brown-shelled eggs and are well suited for the backyard flock
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A reputable hatchery should be a member of what organization?
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National Poultry Improvement Plan
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Hatcheries that are members of the National Poultry Improvement Plan test their breeding flocks for what two diseases?
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pullorum and typhoid
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How soon before you want to start your chicks should you order them?
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at least 4 weeks
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Straight-run means what?
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a combination of both pullets and cockerels
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A combination of both pullets and cockerels from a hatchery is called what?
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a straight-run
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What is considered a high mortality rate in a broiler flock?
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5%
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Name three considerations when deciding how many chicks to buy.
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1. size of the poultry house; 2. equipment needed/on hand; 3. amount and cost of feed; 4. amount of time you have; 5. whether you can continue in the fall and winter; 6. whether you have a market for the meat/eggs
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(range) If you want 25 mature pullet, how many chicks should you purchase?
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30-35
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(T or F) Egg type cockerels are good converters of feed to meat?
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FALSE
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Name the purposes of a chicken house.
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1. protects birds from weather; 2. keeps out rodents, wild birds and large animals
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What is the first step in raising healthy chickens?
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start with healthy chicks
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Name five factors for raising healthy vigorous birds
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1. space, 2. draft-free ventilation, 3. light, 4. temperature, 5. easy access to feed and water, 6. roosts, 7. nests
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How long does the brooding period typically last for chickens?
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6 weeks
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For the first 4 to 5 weeks how much space should each chick have?
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1/2 a sq ft or more
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How much space does a broiler need per sq foot?
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one square foot per bird
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How much space does an egg type breed need per sq foot?
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two square feet per bird
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(range) How much space does a dual purpose bird need per sq foot?
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two and a half to three feet per bird
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Draft-free ventilation is important for what four reasons?
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1. supplies the birds with oxygen; 2. prevents buildup of carbon dioxide and ammonia 3. regulates temperature; and 4. removes excess moisture
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How should you cover windows in your chicken house to prevent sparrows access?
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3/4" wire mesh
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Why do you cover your windows with 3/4" wire mesh?
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to prevent sparrows from entering
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Which are more sensitive to drafts older birds or young birds?
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Young birds
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How long should chicks be given 24 hour light?
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for the first 48 hours
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Why should chicks be given 24 hour light for the first 48 hours?
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to allow them to find the feeders and waterers
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What size light bulb do you need to light a 10 by 10 foot house?
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one 25 watt light bulb
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What is the name of the device used to produce heat to protect chicks from the cold?
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brooder
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What temperature should a brooder be kept for chicks 1 day to 1 week of age?
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95° F
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After 7 days chick brooder temperature should be reduced by how many degrees?
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5 degrees per week until 70° F
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How old are chicks when supplemental heat is no longer needed?
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6 weeks
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At what age are chicks usually well-feathered?
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6 weeks
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If you are raising 100 or fewer chicks what is an affordable brooder option?
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250 watt infrared lamp
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How far above the litter should lamps be suspended?
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18 inches
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If your brooder is too warm, what might you see or hear?
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chicks move away from the heat and are drowsy
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If your brooder is too drafty, what might you see or hear?
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chicks chirp and form a wedge
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If your brooder is too cold, what might you see or hear?
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chicks will chirp and pile up under the brooder
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If your brooder is just right, what might you see or hear?
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contented peeping and evenly distributed chicks
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A circular fence designed to keep the chicks from wandering from the heat and getting chilled
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Brooder Guard
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Name two other functions of a brooder guard other than keeping the chicks from wandering from the heat.
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prevents drafts, eliminates corners to avoid piling
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(range) How long should a brooder guard be used?
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7-10 days
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(range) When weather starts to get colder how deep should your litter be on the floor of your chicken house?
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4-6 inches deep
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Why should birds have fresh water?
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If it isn't clean they won't eat and will go out of production
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How deep should your litter be on the floor of your brooder?
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3 inches
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How do you keep the litter on a brooder floor dry and loose?
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stir it frequently
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What are the most popular litter materials used for brooding chicks?
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wood shavings and sawdust
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Other than wood shavings and sawdust, what else may be used as litter for brooding chicks?
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crushed cane, crushed corn cobs or chopped straw
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What should day old chicks be given to drink the first day?
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8% sugar water
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How many cups of sugar should be mixed into each gallon waterer for day old chicks?
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1 1/2 cups of sugar per gallon of water
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How much feeder space should be given to chicks 0-2 weeks of age?
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1" per chick
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How much feeder space should be given to chicks under 2 weeks of age?
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1" per chick
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What height should feeders be at?
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height of the birds back
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How much feeder space should be given to chicks 2-6 weeks of age?
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2" per bird
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If you have 100 laying hens how many nests should you provide?
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25
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How should 100 chicks be watered after 4 weeks of age?
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two 5 gallon waterers per 100 birds
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What type of feed should chicks be fed from the very first day?
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starter ration
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How long should chicks be on starter ration?
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6 weeks
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Which ration has the most protein?
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starter ration
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Which has higher amount of protein - starter or finisher?
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Starter
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What type of feed should you feed broilers older than 6 weeks?
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finisher ration
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What type of feed should you feed pullets or cockerels being saved for breeding purposes after 6 weeks?
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grower ration
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How long should you feed breeding stock growing ration?
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until they are about 20 weeks or start to lay eggs
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What is the most common mistake when raising chickens?
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feeding the wrong feed
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What percentage of protein should be found in a broiler starter?
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23%
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What percentage of protein should be found in a broiler finisher?
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20%
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What percentage of protein should be found in a pullet starter?
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20%
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What percentage of protein should be found in a pullet grower?
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17%
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(range) What percentage of protein should be found in a pullet layer?
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16-18%
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What is the second most common mistake when raising chickens?
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not feeding enough
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What are the two most common medications added to chicken feed?
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coccidiostats and antibiotics
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What are drugs added to feed at low levels and fed continuously to prevent a disease called coccidiosis?
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coccidiostats
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What is the name of the single-celled animal that causes coccidiosis?
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protozoa
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When should you no longer feed broilers feed with coccidiostat added?
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one week before processing
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How do birds with coccidiosis appear?
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pale, unthrifty, sleepy, ruffled
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Older birds are more resistant to coccidiosis. However if an outbreak occurs how should it be treated?
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treat the water with a coccidiostat
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What month should pullets start to be given extra light?
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September
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When should light be removed from laying hens?
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once there is 15 hours of daylight
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(range) How long will a layer lay until she needs a rest?
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12-14 months
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When should you no longer feed pullets/breeding stock feed with coccidiostat added?
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about 16 weeks of age
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Name four factors that can lead to cannibalism or feather picking.
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1. overcrowding, 2. nutrient deficiencies, 3. poor ventilation, 4. too little drinking and eating space, 5. too much light and 6. appearance of blood on an injured bird
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Is Marek's disease caused by a virus, bacteria, or a single celled animal?
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virus
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If you bird has weight loss, paralysis of legs or wings and then suddenly dies, what disease might it have?
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Marek's disease
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Can you vaccinate your chicks against, fowl pox, Newcastle, Marek's and bronchitis?
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yes
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How long should you quarantine birds after they return home from a show?
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2 weeks
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How much feeder space should be given to chicks 6-12 weeks of age?
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3" per bird
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How much floor space should birds 20 weeks and older have?
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3 sq ft per bird
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During cold weather, ventilation should come from which side of the chicken house?
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south side
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Which side of the chicken house should ventilation be provided from?
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south side
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How many hours of light do ready-to-lay pullets need daily?
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14 hours
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What should you have hatcheries vaccinate your chicks for? A. Newcastle, B. Chiggers, C. Marek's, D. lice
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C. Marek's
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(range) Broilers dress out in 8-8 1/2 weeks. How much do they generally weigh dressed at this age?
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3 1/2-4 lbs
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(range) When are meat birds ready for market?
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8-81/2 weeks
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When ordering straight run birds, what will the gender of the birds be you receive?
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a mixture of female and male birds
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How full should you keep feeders and why?
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1/2 full -- to prevent waste
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(range) Poultry rations contain how many ingredients?
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30-40
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