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165 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What are the ABC's of skin care
|
Asymmetry
Border Color Diameter |
|
|
Give types of skin rashes
|
1. Dermatitis
2. Urticaria (Hives) These can come from multiple causes including environmental exposure & stress--may be rxn to cold txt or tape PTs dont really treat these much |
|
|
Give the 3 types of elevated lesions
|
1. Flat
2. Elevated 3. Elevated/Fluid Filled |
|
|
Describe a flat lesion
|
Macule or Patch---dark spot on the skin
|
|
|
Describe an Elevated lesion
|
Papule, Plaque, Nodule, Tumor, Wheal
|
|
|
Describe an Elevated Fluid Filled lesion
|
-Vesicle
-Bulla (Blister) -Pustule (normally considered to be infected if filled with pus) -Cyst |
|
|
Describe some "Suspicious Lesions"
|
Bleeding mole because generally the outer part of the skin is avascular but with cancer the tumor is growing rapidly & needs increased blood supply to grow so angiogenisis occurs leading to easier bleeding
Angiogenesis is simply new vessel formation |
|
|
Give 2 types of infected lesions
|
Abscess & Cellulitis
Often caused by Staph Aureus (microbe) |
|
|
Describe types of Abscesses
|
1. Furuncle (boil)--Raised area of necrotic or purulent (Pusy) tissue
-Whitened area 2. Carbuncle--multiple interconnected furuncles occurring below the skin |
|
|
Describe cellulitis
|
Caused by infection or inflammation
Normally red & swollen |
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|
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|
What percent of body mass is skin
|
15-20%
0.5-0.6 mm thick |
|
|
What are some types of secondary lesions.
|
1. Scales (epidermal)
2. Scabs (Crusts) 3. Abrasions (Excoriation) 4. Fissures (Linear in shape) 5. Erosions (Denuded) --outer layers of skin wearing away--smoother than abrasion 6. Ulcers 7. Scars |
|
|
What ratio of resting cardiac output goes to skin
|
1/3
Lots of vascularization & blood supply to skin to keep it healthy so it takes increases cardiac output to get all this blood to the skin |
|
|
What percent of body mass is skin
|
15-20%
0.5-0.6 mm thick |
|
|
Give the 4 types of skin on the body
|
1. Mucocutaneous--at the junctions of the mucous membrane, hairy skin, lips, & tongue
2. Mucous Membrane--lining the inside of the body orifices--nose & mouth 3. Glaborous: skin without hair that tends to be thicker (palms and soles of feet) 4. Hairy--skin with hair |
|
|
What is connective tissue made up of (3)
|
1. Matrix (collagen)
2. Fibers 3. Fibroblasts The components and orientations of these 3 components differentiate each type of connective tissue |
|
|
What ratio of resting cardiac output goes to skin
|
1/3
Lots of vascularization & blood supply to skin to keep it healthy so it takes increases cardiac output to get all this blood to the skin |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
What are some types of secondary lesions.
|
1. Scales (epidermal)
2. Scabs (Crusts) 3. Abrasions (Excoriation) 4. Fissures (Linear in shape) 5. Erosions (Denuded) --outer layers of skin wearing away--smoother than abrasion 6. Ulcers 7. Scars |
|
|
What are some types of secondary lesions.
|
1. Scales (epidermal)
2. Scabs (Crusts) 3. Abrasions (Excoriation) 4. Fissures (Linear in shape) 5. Erosions (Denuded) --outer layers of skin wearing away--smoother than abrasion 6. Ulcers 7. Scars |
|
|
What are some types of secondary lesions.
|
1. Scales (epidermal)
2. Scabs (Crusts) 3. Abrasions (Excoriation) 4. Fissures (Linear in shape) 5. Erosions (Denuded) --outer layers of skin wearing away--smoother than abrasion 6. Ulcers 7. Scars |
|
|
What are some types of secondary lesions.
|
1. Scales (epidermal)
2. Scabs (Crusts) 3. Abrasions (Excoriation) 4. Fissures (Linear in shape) 5. Erosions (Denuded) --outer layers of skin wearing away--smoother than abrasion 6. Ulcers 7. Scars |
|
|
What are some types of secondary lesions.
|
1. Scales (epidermal)
2. Scabs (Crusts) 3. Abrasions (Excoriation) 4. Fissures (Linear in shape) 5. Erosions (Denuded) --outer layers of skin wearing away--smoother than abrasion 6. Ulcers 7. Scars |
|
|
Give the 4 types of skin on the body
|
1. Mucocutaneous--at the junctions of the mucous membrane, hairy skin, lips, & tongue
2. Mucous Membrane--lining the inside of the body orifices--nose & mouth 3. Glaborous: skin without hair that tends to be thicker (palms and soles of feet) 4. Hairy--skin with hair |
|
|
What are some types of secondary lesions.
|
1. Scales (epidermal)
2. Scabs (Crusts) 3. Abrasions (Excoriation) 4. Fissures (Linear in shape) 5. Erosions (Denuded) --outer layers of skin wearing away--smoother than abrasion 6. Ulcers 7. Scars |
|
|
What are some types of secondary lesions.
|
1. Scales (epidermal)
2. Scabs (Crusts) 3. Abrasions (Excoriation) 4. Fissures (Linear in shape) 5. Erosions (Denuded) --outer layers of skin wearing away--smoother than abrasion 6. Ulcers 7. Scars |
|
|
Give the 3 types of connective tissue
|
1. Loose Connective Tissue (loosely packed fibers)
2. Regular CT--more dense (tendons and ligaments are made of this type)--formed with fibers organized in specific directions to stabilize from specific mvmt 3. Irregular CT--normally in skin, much looser |
|
|
What are some types of secondary lesions.
|
1. Scales (epidermal)
2. Scabs (Crusts) 3. Abrasions (Excoriation) 4. Fissures (Linear in shape) 5. Erosions (Denuded) --outer layers of skin wearing away--smoother than abrasion 6. Ulcers 7. Scars |
|
|
What percent of body mass is skin
|
15-20%
0.5-0.6 mm thick |
|
|
What are the ABC's of skin care
|
Asymmetry
Border Color Diameter |
|
|
What is connective tissue made up of (3)
|
1. Matrix (collagen)
2. Fibers 3. Fibroblasts The components and orientations of these 3 components differentiate each type of connective tissue |
|
|
Give the functions of skin as an organ
|
1. Serves as protection from the environment
-UV radiation -Microbes -Mechanical Stress 2. Immune FxN 3. Maintains Homeostasis 4. Provides Sensory feedback -Mechanical and thermosensitive receptors 2. |
|
|
What percent of body mass is skin
|
15-20%
0.5-0.6 mm thick |
|
|
What percent of body mass is skin
|
15-20%
0.5-0.6 mm thick |
|
|
Give types of skin rashes
|
1. Dermatitis
2. Urticaria (Hives) These can come from multiple causes including environmental exposure & stress--may be rxn to cold txt or tape PTs dont really treat these much |
|
|
What percent of body mass is skin
|
15-20%
0.5-0.6 mm thick |
|
|
What percent of body mass is skin
|
15-20%
0.5-0.6 mm thick |
|
|
What percent of body mass is skin
|
15-20%
0.5-0.6 mm thick |
|
|
What percent of body mass is skin
|
15-20%
0.5-0.6 mm thick |
|
|
What percent of body mass is skin
|
15-20%
0.5-0.6 mm thick |
|
|
What percent of body mass is skin
|
15-20%
0.5-0.6 mm thick |
|
|
How does skin have an immune fxn
|
-Physical/Chemical Barrier
Has a low pH so very acidic for microbes pH on the skin can be increased (more basic) with frequent hand washing--thus it may make one more prone to recieving germs as bacteriocidal effect of skin is decreased pH is also affected by diabetes--which increases the risk of infection Langerhans (Dendritic Cells)--important as Antigen Presenting Cells (APC's) |
|
|
What percent of body mass is skin
|
15-20%
0.5-0.6 mm thick |
|
|
What ratio of resting cardiac output goes to skin
|
1/3
Lots of vascularization & blood supply to skin to keep it healthy so it takes increases cardiac output to get all this blood to the skin |
|
|
What ratio of resting cardiac output goes to skin
|
1/3
Lots of vascularization & blood supply to skin to keep it healthy so it takes increases cardiac output to get all this blood to the skin |
|
|
What ratio of resting cardiac output goes to skin
|
1/3
Lots of vascularization & blood supply to skin to keep it healthy so it takes increases cardiac output to get all this blood to the skin |
|
|
What ratio of resting cardiac output goes to skin
|
1/3
Lots of vascularization & blood supply to skin to keep it healthy so it takes increases cardiac output to get all this blood to the skin |
|
|
What ratio of resting cardiac output goes to skin
|
1/3
Lots of vascularization & blood supply to skin to keep it healthy so it takes increases cardiac output to get all this blood to the skin |
|
|
Give the 4 types of skin on the body
|
1. Mucocutaneous--at the junctions of the mucous membrane, hairy skin, lips, & tongue
2. Mucous Membrane--lining the inside of the body orifices--nose & mouth 3. Glaborous: skin without hair that tends to be thicker (palms and soles of feet) 4. Hairy--skin with hair |
|
|
What ratio of resting cardiac output goes to skin
|
1/3
Lots of vascularization & blood supply to skin to keep it healthy so it takes increases cardiac output to get all this blood to the skin |
|
|
What ratio of resting cardiac output goes to skin
|
1/3
Lots of vascularization & blood supply to skin to keep it healthy so it takes increases cardiac output to get all this blood to the skin |
|
|
What ratio of resting cardiac output goes to skin
|
1/3
Lots of vascularization & blood supply to skin to keep it healthy so it takes increases cardiac output to get all this blood to the skin |
|
|
What ratio of resting cardiac output goes to skin
|
1/3
Lots of vascularization & blood supply to skin to keep it healthy so it takes increases cardiac output to get all this blood to the skin |
|
|
How does skin maintain homeostasis
|
1. Hydration Status
2. Thermoregulation -Fat layer helps insulate; sweating & vasodilation cause convection of heat out of the air so blood can get shunted out of the skin to cool down 3. Helps maintain Vit D levels -Important for bone & muscle health |
|
|
Give the 3 types of elevated lesions
|
1. Flat
2. Elevated 3. Elevated/Fluid Filled |
|
|
Give the 3 types of connective tissue
|
1. Loose Connective Tissue (loosely packed fibers)
2. Regular CT--more dense (tendons and ligaments are made of this type)--formed with fibers organized in specific directions to stabilize from specific mvmt 3. Irregular CT--normally in skin, much looser |
|
|
Give the 4 types of skin on the body
|
1. Mucocutaneous--at the junctions of the mucous membrane, hairy skin, lips, & tongue
2. Mucous Membrane--lining the inside of the body orifices--nose & mouth 3. Glaborous: skin without hair that tends to be thicker (palms and soles of feet) 4. Hairy--skin with hair |
|
|
What ratio of resting cardiac output goes to skin
|
1/3
Lots of vascularization & blood supply to skin to keep it healthy so it takes increases cardiac output to get all this blood to the skin |
|
|
Give the 4 types of skin on the body
|
1. Mucocutaneous--at the junctions of the mucous membrane, hairy skin, lips, & tongue
2. Mucous Membrane--lining the inside of the body orifices--nose & mouth 3. Glaborous: skin without hair that tends to be thicker (palms and soles of feet) 4. Hairy--skin with hair |
|
|
Give the 4 types of skin on the body
|
1. Mucocutaneous--at the junctions of the mucous membrane, hairy skin, lips, & tongue
2. Mucous Membrane--lining the inside of the body orifices--nose & mouth 3. Glaborous: skin without hair that tends to be thicker (palms and soles of feet) 4. Hairy--skin with hair |
|
|
Describe the width of the dermis & epidermis
|
Epidermis: 0.06-0.6mm
Dermis: 2-4mm |
|
|
Give the 4 types of skin on the body
|
1. Mucocutaneous--at the junctions of the mucous membrane, hairy skin, lips, & tongue
2. Mucous Membrane--lining the inside of the body orifices--nose & mouth 3. Glaborous: skin without hair that tends to be thicker (palms and soles of feet) 4. Hairy--skin with hair |
|
|
Describe a flat lesion
|
Macule or Patch---dark spot on the skin
|
|
|
Give the 4 types of skin on the body
|
1. Mucocutaneous--at the junctions of the mucous membrane, hairy skin, lips, & tongue
2. Mucous Membrane--lining the inside of the body orifices--nose & mouth 3. Glaborous: skin without hair that tends to be thicker (palms and soles of feet) 4. Hairy--skin with hair |
|
|
What is connective tissue made up of (3)
|
1. Matrix (collagen)
2. Fibers 3. Fibroblasts The components and orientations of these 3 components differentiate each type of connective tissue |
|
|
Give the 4 types of skin on the body
|
1. Mucocutaneous--at the junctions of the mucous membrane, hairy skin, lips, & tongue
2. Mucous Membrane--lining the inside of the body orifices--nose & mouth 3. Glaborous: skin without hair that tends to be thicker (palms and soles of feet) 4. Hairy--skin with hair |
|
|
Give the 4 types of skin on the body
|
1. Mucocutaneous--at the junctions of the mucous membrane, hairy skin, lips, & tongue
2. Mucous Membrane--lining the inside of the body orifices--nose & mouth 3. Glaborous: skin without hair that tends to be thicker (palms and soles of feet) 4. Hairy--skin with hair |
|
|
Give the 4 types of skin on the body
|
1. Mucocutaneous--at the junctions of the mucous membrane, hairy skin, lips, & tongue
2. Mucous Membrane--lining the inside of the body orifices--nose & mouth 3. Glaborous: skin without hair that tends to be thicker (palms and soles of feet) 4. Hairy--skin with hair |
|
|
Give the 4 types of skin on the body
|
1. Mucocutaneous--at the junctions of the mucous membrane, hairy skin, lips, & tongue
2. Mucous Membrane--lining the inside of the body orifices--nose & mouth 3. Glaborous: skin without hair that tends to be thicker (palms and soles of feet) 4. Hairy--skin with hair |
|
|
What is connective tissue made up of (3)
|
1. Matrix (collagen)
2. Fibers 3. Fibroblasts The components and orientations of these 3 components differentiate each type of connective tissue |
|
|
What is connective tissue made up of (3)
|
1. Matrix (collagen)
2. Fibers 3. Fibroblasts The components and orientations of these 3 components differentiate each type of connective tissue |
|
|
What is connective tissue made up of (3)
|
1. Matrix (collagen)
2. Fibers 3. Fibroblasts The components and orientations of these 3 components differentiate each type of connective tissue |
|
|
What is connective tissue made up of (3)
|
1. Matrix (collagen)
2. Fibers 3. Fibroblasts The components and orientations of these 3 components differentiate each type of connective tissue |
|
|
What is connective tissue made up of (3)
|
1. Matrix (collagen)
2. Fibers 3. Fibroblasts The components and orientations of these 3 components differentiate each type of connective tissue |
|
|
What is connective tissue made up of (3)
|
1. Matrix (collagen)
2. Fibers 3. Fibroblasts The components and orientations of these 3 components differentiate each type of connective tissue |
|
|
Give the functions of skin as an organ
|
1. Serves as protection from the environment
-UV radiation -Microbes -Mechanical Stress 2. Immune FxN 3. Maintains Homeostasis 4. Provides Sensory feedback -Mechanical and thermosensitive receptors 2. |
|
|
How does skin have an immune fxn
|
-Physical/Chemical Barrier
Has a low pH so very acidic for microbes pH on the skin can be increased (more basic) with frequent hand washing--thus it may make one more prone to recieving germs as bacteriocidal effect of skin is decreased pH is also affected by diabetes--which increases the risk of infection Langerhans (Dendritic Cells)--important as Antigen Presenting Cells (APC's) |
|
|
Give the 3 types of connective tissue
|
1. Loose Connective Tissue (loosely packed fibers)
2. Regular CT--more dense (tendons and ligaments are made of this type)--formed with fibers organized in specific directions to stabilize from specific mvmt 3. Irregular CT--normally in skin, much looser |
|
|
What is connective tissue made up of (3)
|
1. Matrix (collagen)
2. Fibers 3. Fibroblasts The components and orientations of these 3 components differentiate each type of connective tissue |
|
|
Describe an Elevated lesion
|
Papule, Plaque, Nodule, Tumor, Wheal
|
|
|
Give the 3 types of connective tissue
|
1. Loose Connective Tissue (loosely packed fibers)
2. Regular CT--more dense (tendons and ligaments are made of this type)--formed with fibers organized in specific directions to stabilize from specific mvmt 3. Irregular CT--normally in skin, much looser |
|
|
Give the 3 types of connective tissue
|
1. Loose Connective Tissue (loosely packed fibers)
2. Regular CT--more dense (tendons and ligaments are made of this type)--formed with fibers organized in specific directions to stabilize from specific mvmt 3. Irregular CT--normally in skin, much looser |
|
|
Give the 3 types of connective tissue
|
1. Loose Connective Tissue (loosely packed fibers)
2. Regular CT--more dense (tendons and ligaments are made of this type)--formed with fibers organized in specific directions to stabilize from specific mvmt 3. Irregular CT--normally in skin, much looser |
|
|
What is connective tissue made up of (3)
|
1. Matrix (collagen)
2. Fibers 3. Fibroblasts The components and orientations of these 3 components differentiate each type of connective tissue |
|
|
What is connective tissue made up of (3)
|
1. Matrix (collagen)
2. Fibers 3. Fibroblasts The components and orientations of these 3 components differentiate each type of connective tissue |
|
|
Give the 3 types of connective tissue
|
1. Loose Connective Tissue (loosely packed fibers)
2. Regular CT--more dense (tendons and ligaments are made of this type)--formed with fibers organized in specific directions to stabilize from specific mvmt 3. Irregular CT--normally in skin, much looser |
|
|
Describe an Elevated Fluid Filled lesion
|
-Vesicle
-Bulla (Blister) -Pustule (normally considered to be infected if filled with pus) -Cyst |
|
|
Give the 3 types of connective tissue
|
1. Loose Connective Tissue (loosely packed fibers)
2. Regular CT--more dense (tendons and ligaments are made of this type)--formed with fibers organized in specific directions to stabilize from specific mvmt 3. Irregular CT--normally in skin, much looser |
|
|
Give the functions of skin as an organ
|
1. Serves as protection from the environment
-UV radiation -Microbes -Mechanical Stress 2. Immune FxN 3. Maintains Homeostasis 4. Provides Sensory feedback -Mechanical and thermosensitive receptors 2. |
|
|
Give the functions of skin as an organ
|
1. Serves as protection from the environment
-UV radiation -Microbes -Mechanical Stress 2. Immune FxN 3. Maintains Homeostasis 4. Provides Sensory feedback -Mechanical and thermosensitive receptors 2. |
|
|
Give the 3 types of connective tissue
|
1. Loose Connective Tissue (loosely packed fibers)
2. Regular CT--more dense (tendons and ligaments are made of this type)--formed with fibers organized in specific directions to stabilize from specific mvmt 3. Irregular CT--normally in skin, much looser |
|
|
Give the functions of skin as an organ
|
1. Serves as protection from the environment
-UV radiation -Microbes -Mechanical Stress 2. Immune FxN 3. Maintains Homeostasis 4. Provides Sensory feedback -Mechanical and thermosensitive receptors 2. |
|
|
Give the 3 types of connective tissue
|
1. Loose Connective Tissue (loosely packed fibers)
2. Regular CT--more dense (tendons and ligaments are made of this type)--formed with fibers organized in specific directions to stabilize from specific mvmt 3. Irregular CT--normally in skin, much looser |
|
|
Describe some "Suspicious Lesions"
|
Bleeding mole because generally the outer part of the skin is avascular but with cancer the tumor is growing rapidly & needs increased blood supply to grow so angiogenisis occurs leading to easier bleeding
Angiogenesis is simply new vessel formation |
|
|
Give the functions of skin as an organ
|
1. Serves as protection from the environment
-UV radiation -Microbes -Mechanical Stress 2. Immune FxN 3. Maintains Homeostasis 4. Provides Sensory feedback -Mechanical and thermosensitive receptors 2. |
|
|
Give the functions of skin as an organ
|
1. Serves as protection from the environment
-UV radiation -Microbes -Mechanical Stress 2. Immune FxN 3. Maintains Homeostasis 4. Provides Sensory feedback -Mechanical and thermosensitive receptors 2. |
|
|
Give the 3 types of connective tissue
|
1. Loose Connective Tissue (loosely packed fibers)
2. Regular CT--more dense (tendons and ligaments are made of this type)--formed with fibers organized in specific directions to stabilize from specific mvmt 3. Irregular CT--normally in skin, much looser |
|
|
Give the functions of skin as an organ
|
1. Serves as protection from the environment
-UV radiation -Microbes -Mechanical Stress 2. Immune FxN 3. Maintains Homeostasis 4. Provides Sensory feedback -Mechanical and thermosensitive receptors 2. |
|
|
How does skin have an immune fxn
|
-Physical/Chemical Barrier
Has a low pH so very acidic for microbes pH on the skin can be increased (more basic) with frequent hand washing--thus it may make one more prone to recieving germs as bacteriocidal effect of skin is decreased pH is also affected by diabetes--which increases the risk of infection Langerhans (Dendritic Cells)--important as Antigen Presenting Cells (APC's) |
|
|
Give the 3 types of connective tissue
|
1. Loose Connective Tissue (loosely packed fibers)
2. Regular CT--more dense (tendons and ligaments are made of this type)--formed with fibers organized in specific directions to stabilize from specific mvmt 3. Irregular CT--normally in skin, much looser |
|
|
How does skin maintain homeostasis
|
1. Hydration Status
2. Thermoregulation -Fat layer helps insulate; sweating & vasodilation cause convection of heat out of the air so blood can get shunted out of the skin to cool down 3. Helps maintain Vit D levels -Important for bone & muscle health |
|
|
How does skin have an immune fxn
|
-Physical/Chemical Barrier
Has a low pH so very acidic for microbes pH on the skin can be increased (more basic) with frequent hand washing--thus it may make one more prone to recieving germs as bacteriocidal effect of skin is decreased pH is also affected by diabetes--which increases the risk of infection Langerhans (Dendritic Cells)--important as Antigen Presenting Cells (APC's) |
|
|
Give the functions of skin as an organ
|
1. Serves as protection from the environment
-UV radiation -Microbes -Mechanical Stress 2. Immune FxN 3. Maintains Homeostasis 4. Provides Sensory feedback -Mechanical and thermosensitive receptors 2. |
|
|
How does skin maintain homeostasis
|
1. Hydration Status
2. Thermoregulation -Fat layer helps insulate; sweating & vasodilation cause convection of heat out of the air so blood can get shunted out of the skin to cool down 3. Helps maintain Vit D levels -Important for bone & muscle health |
|
|
How does skin have an immune fxn
|
-Physical/Chemical Barrier
Has a low pH so very acidic for microbes pH on the skin can be increased (more basic) with frequent hand washing--thus it may make one more prone to recieving germs as bacteriocidal effect of skin is decreased pH is also affected by diabetes--which increases the risk of infection Langerhans (Dendritic Cells)--important as Antigen Presenting Cells (APC's) |
|
|
Give the functions of skin as an organ
|
1. Serves as protection from the environment
-UV radiation -Microbes -Mechanical Stress 2. Immune FxN 3. Maintains Homeostasis 4. Provides Sensory feedback -Mechanical and thermosensitive receptors 2. |
|
|
Give the functions of skin as an organ
|
1. Serves as protection from the environment
-UV radiation -Microbes -Mechanical Stress 2. Immune FxN 3. Maintains Homeostasis 4. Provides Sensory feedback -Mechanical and thermosensitive receptors 2. |
|
|
How does skin have an immune fxn
|
-Physical/Chemical Barrier
Has a low pH so very acidic for microbes pH on the skin can be increased (more basic) with frequent hand washing--thus it may make one more prone to recieving germs as bacteriocidal effect of skin is decreased pH is also affected by diabetes--which increases the risk of infection Langerhans (Dendritic Cells)--important as Antigen Presenting Cells (APC's) |
|
|
How does skin maintain homeostasis
|
1. Hydration Status
2. Thermoregulation -Fat layer helps insulate; sweating & vasodilation cause convection of heat out of the air so blood can get shunted out of the skin to cool down 3. Helps maintain Vit D levels -Important for bone & muscle health |
|
|
Give the functions of skin as an organ
|
1. Serves as protection from the environment
-UV radiation -Microbes -Mechanical Stress 2. Immune FxN 3. Maintains Homeostasis 4. Provides Sensory feedback -Mechanical and thermosensitive receptors 2. |
|
|
How does skin have an immune fxn
|
-Physical/Chemical Barrier
Has a low pH so very acidic for microbes pH on the skin can be increased (more basic) with frequent hand washing--thus it may make one more prone to recieving germs as bacteriocidal effect of skin is decreased pH is also affected by diabetes--which increases the risk of infection Langerhans (Dendritic Cells)--important as Antigen Presenting Cells (APC's) |
|
|
How does skin have an immune fxn
|
-Physical/Chemical Barrier
Has a low pH so very acidic for microbes pH on the skin can be increased (more basic) with frequent hand washing--thus it may make one more prone to recieving germs as bacteriocidal effect of skin is decreased pH is also affected by diabetes--which increases the risk of infection Langerhans (Dendritic Cells)--important as Antigen Presenting Cells (APC's) |
|
|
Describe the width of the dermis & epidermis
|
Epidermis: 0.06-0.6mm
Dermis: 2-4mm |
|
|
Give 2 types of infected lesions
|
Abscess & Cellulitis
Often caused by Staph Aureus (microbe) |
|
|
How does skin maintain homeostasis
|
1. Hydration Status
2. Thermoregulation -Fat layer helps insulate; sweating & vasodilation cause convection of heat out of the air so blood can get shunted out of the skin to cool down 3. Helps maintain Vit D levels -Important for bone & muscle health |
|
|
How does skin have an immune fxn
|
-Physical/Chemical Barrier
Has a low pH so very acidic for microbes pH on the skin can be increased (more basic) with frequent hand washing--thus it may make one more prone to recieving germs as bacteriocidal effect of skin is decreased pH is also affected by diabetes--which increases the risk of infection Langerhans (Dendritic Cells)--important as Antigen Presenting Cells (APC's) |
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Describe the width of the dermis & epidermis
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Epidermis: 0.06-0.6mm
Dermis: 2-4mm |
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How does skin have an immune fxn
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-Physical/Chemical Barrier
Has a low pH so very acidic for microbes pH on the skin can be increased (more basic) with frequent hand washing--thus it may make one more prone to recieving germs as bacteriocidal effect of skin is decreased pH is also affected by diabetes--which increases the risk of infection Langerhans (Dendritic Cells)--important as Antigen Presenting Cells (APC's) |
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How does skin maintain homeostasis
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1. Hydration Status
2. Thermoregulation -Fat layer helps insulate; sweating & vasodilation cause convection of heat out of the air so blood can get shunted out of the skin to cool down 3. Helps maintain Vit D levels -Important for bone & muscle health |
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Describe the width of the dermis & epidermis
|
Epidermis: 0.06-0.6mm
Dermis: 2-4mm |
|
|
How does skin have an immune fxn
|
-Physical/Chemical Barrier
Has a low pH so very acidic for microbes pH on the skin can be increased (more basic) with frequent hand washing--thus it may make one more prone to recieving germs as bacteriocidal effect of skin is decreased pH is also affected by diabetes--which increases the risk of infection Langerhans (Dendritic Cells)--important as Antigen Presenting Cells (APC's) |
|
|
How does skin have an immune fxn
|
-Physical/Chemical Barrier
Has a low pH so very acidic for microbes pH on the skin can be increased (more basic) with frequent hand washing--thus it may make one more prone to recieving germs as bacteriocidal effect of skin is decreased pH is also affected by diabetes--which increases the risk of infection Langerhans (Dendritic Cells)--important as Antigen Presenting Cells (APC's) |
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How does skin maintain homeostasis
|
1. Hydration Status
2. Thermoregulation -Fat layer helps insulate; sweating & vasodilation cause convection of heat out of the air so blood can get shunted out of the skin to cool down 3. Helps maintain Vit D levels -Important for bone & muscle health |
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How does skin maintain homeostasis
|
1. Hydration Status
2. Thermoregulation -Fat layer helps insulate; sweating & vasodilation cause convection of heat out of the air so blood can get shunted out of the skin to cool down 3. Helps maintain Vit D levels -Important for bone & muscle health |
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Describe types of Abscesses
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1. Furuncle (boil)--Raised area of necrotic or purulent (Pusy) tissue
-Whitened area 2. Carbuncle--multiple interconnected furuncles occurring below the skin |
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How does skin maintain homeostasis
|
1. Hydration Status
2. Thermoregulation -Fat layer helps insulate; sweating & vasodilation cause convection of heat out of the air so blood can get shunted out of the skin to cool down 3. Helps maintain Vit D levels -Important for bone & muscle health |
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|
Describe the width of the dermis & epidermis
|
Epidermis: 0.06-0.6mm
Dermis: 2-4mm |
|
|
How does skin maintain homeostasis
|
1. Hydration Status
2. Thermoregulation -Fat layer helps insulate; sweating & vasodilation cause convection of heat out of the air so blood can get shunted out of the skin to cool down 3. Helps maintain Vit D levels -Important for bone & muscle health |
|
|
How does skin maintain homeostasis
|
1. Hydration Status
2. Thermoregulation -Fat layer helps insulate; sweating & vasodilation cause convection of heat out of the air so blood can get shunted out of the skin to cool down 3. Helps maintain Vit D levels -Important for bone & muscle health |
|
|
Describe the width of the dermis & epidermis
|
Epidermis: 0.06-0.6mm
Dermis: 2-4mm |
|
|
Describe the width of the dermis & epidermis
|
Epidermis: 0.06-0.6mm
Dermis: 2-4mm |
|
|
How does skin maintain homeostasis
|
1. Hydration Status
2. Thermoregulation -Fat layer helps insulate; sweating & vasodilation cause convection of heat out of the air so blood can get shunted out of the skin to cool down 3. Helps maintain Vit D levels -Important for bone & muscle health |
|
|
Describe the width of the dermis & epidermis
|
Epidermis: 0.06-0.6mm
Dermis: 2-4mm |
|
|
Describe the width of the dermis & epidermis
|
Epidermis: 0.06-0.6mm
Dermis: 2-4mm |
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Describe cellulitis
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Caused by infection or inflammation
Normally red & swollen |
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Describe the width of the dermis & epidermis
|
Epidermis: 0.06-0.6mm
Dermis: 2-4mm |
|
|
Describe the width of the dermis & epidermis
|
Epidermis: 0.06-0.6mm
Dermis: 2-4mm |
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Describe the width of the dermis & epidermis
|
Epidermis: 0.06-0.6mm
Dermis: 2-4mm |
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3 skin layers
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Epidermis
Dermis Subcutaneous (Hypodermis) |
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Describe Subcutaneous Tissue
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Very variable in thickness--both within & across individuals
Dependent on adipose tissue |
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What is different about Glaborous skin
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Only layer that has a stratum lucidum component
Tends to have thicker layers |
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Where are appendages such as nails, hair, & glands (sebaceuos & sweat) derived
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Epidermis--anchored in the dermis
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What are sebaceous glands fxn
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Secrete oil--if they get backed up pimples form
Blackheads involve oil that has been sitting for a long time & has oxidized |
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Describe components of the Epidermis
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-Epithelial Tissue
-Avascular -Depends on diffusion of O2 & other nutrients from dermis -Turnover occurs roughly on a monthly basis -Provides a physical barrier (key region for Vitamin D synthesis) Mostly comprised of Keratinocytes (made of Keratin) |
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Give the 4 layers of the Epidermis
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1. Stratum Corneum--outer layer of dead cells--an excessive build up of dead cells forms a callus from increased pressure areas
2. Stratum Germanium 3. Stratum Spinosum 4. Stratum Basalum--basilar layer is where cells form & are keratinized There is a 5th layer in glaborous skin called the stratum lucidium--occurs between the stratum cornem & germanium 3. |
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Give 3 other cell types found in the epidermis
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1. Melanocytes--provide pigmentation & UV protection
-Contain melanin granules (deposited within the cytoplasm on side of cell closest to the light to protect from UV) -Melanocytes are normally in basilar layer 2. Merkel Cells--Mechanoreceptors 3. Dendritic Cells--prominent in Stratum Spinosum -Have immune fxn acting like APC's |
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Why may scars have discoloration
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Extra melanin may be laid down during healing
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What are the 2 layers of the dermis
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1. Papillary Dermis
2. Reticular dermis |
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What is one major difference between the dermis and epidermis
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Dermis is highly vascular--especially with lymphatic vessels
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Describe the papillary dermis
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Anchored to epidermis via basement membrane
Made of loose irregular connective tissue |
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Describe 3 cells found in the dermis
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1. Fibroblasts
2. Macrophages 3. Mast Cells -These secrete histamine--which helps us cause a rxn to things like poison ivy |
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How are the papillary loops helpful with the dermis' function
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They increase the surface area of the vasculature in the dermis and increase the depth of penetration of vasculature into the epidermis from the dermis to improve diffusion of blood flow since the epidermis is avascular
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What two types of glands are found in the dermis
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1. Sebaceous--oils secreted to prevent drying
2. Sweat |
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What are 2 types of sweat glands
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1. Eccrine (merocrine)
-All over skin--esp glaborous skin -Thermoregulators -Cholinergic innervation (via sympathetic system) 2. Apocrine -Found in axilla & scalp -Adrenergic -Debatable fxn ---secrete pheromones We have many more Eccrine sweat glands than Apocrine |
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Give 4 characteristics of the subcutaneous layer
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1. Mostly adipose tisssue
-Provides energy stores -Many fat soluble vitamins here 2. Fascia also in this region -Made of dense connective tissue--can be regular or irregular 3. Contains larger blood vessels or lymphatics 4. Regional differences in thickness depending on things like bony prominences |
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What does labile mean
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There is lots of turnover & dividing to reproduce in skin cells
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What % of cancers are skin cancer
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40%
Makes sense b/c cancers are very labile as cells continuing to tumor and metastisize out of control |
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Give 2 common types of skin cancer
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1. Malignant Melanoma
-Involves changes in pigmentation -Only 4% of cancers but 79% of deaths 2. Basal & Squamous Cell Carcinoma -Much more common, but much higher cure rate--esp with early detection |
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Give 2 negative things that happen to skin with aging
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1. Increased vulnerability to injury
2. Epidermal & dermal atrophu |
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List the negative changes that occur in skin with aging
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1. Reduced cell turnover
2. Reduced vasculature 3. Reduced immune fxn 4. Reduced collagen quality 5. Reduced elastin 6. Diminished sensation 7. Impaired thermoregulation--explains why old ppl are always cold 8. Altered moisture maintenance |
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Difference in appearance b/t basal and squamos cells
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Basal cells are more raised--squamous cells are flatter and may have darkened area
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Melanoma appearance
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Flat--blackened with poorly defined bordered and color changes
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Furuncle appearance
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Largely protruding from skin--look to be filled with fluid & usually have white-pusy area on outside
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