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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the purpose of drinking water treatments? |
To improve: 1. color 2. appearance 3. taste 4. clarity 5. disinfect |
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What are the 5 steps in the Drinking Water Treatment Process? |
1. Source Protection 2. Raw Water Intake 3. Pretreatment 4. Final Treatment 5. Distribution |
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What are some aspects of the Source Protection step in the Drinking Water Treatment Process? |
limited land use control sediments limit body contact sports limit waste disposal wellhead protection programs |
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What are some aspects of the Raw Water Intake step of the Drinking Water Treatment Process? |
diverting water from the river, reservoir, or groundwater not from tops or bottoms of streams though, to avoid debris and deposits |
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What are the steps within the Pretreatment step of the Drinking Water Treatment Process? |
1. Coagulation/Flocculation 2. Filtration |
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Why is the Flocculation/Coagulation part of the Pretreatment step of the Drinking Water Treatment Process so important? |
removes 90-99% of all viruses in the water! |
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What happens with the Filtration part of the Pretreatment step of the Drinking Water Treatment process? |
1. water is passed through layers of sand and gravel to eliminate turbidity, odor, and color 2. gravity forces water through sand and out of the filter 3. passed to holding tank |
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What two chemicals are implemented in the Final Treatment step of the Drinking Water Treatment Process? |
1. Fluoridation (improves dental health) 2. Chlorination (kills remaining bacteria and enhances water taste and smell) |
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What two technologies are utilized in the Final Treatment step of the Drinking Water Treatment Process? |
1. Ozone Gas 2. UV light (slow and expensive, but kills almost 100% of microbes in water) |
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What are the 2 methods of Desalination? |
1. Multi-stage Flash 2. Reverse Osmosis |
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Multi-Stage Flash makes up _______ of all desalination capacity. |
86.7% |
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How does Multi-Stage Flash Desalination work? |
heated brine is introduced to a chamber with a pressure that causes it to vaporize condensate is collected in each stage |
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Reverse Osmosis makes up _________ of all desalting capacity |
10.7% |
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How does Reverse Osmosis Desalination work? |
fluid is forced to move from high concentrations to low concentrations through tiny membranes, creating freshwater |
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2/3 of the world's desalination plants are located in _________. |
the middle east (saudi arabia, etc) |
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______________, in the US, also uses Desalination |
Tampa, Florida |
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Desalination plants are needed in: |
arid areas with limited freshwater and shallow groundwater |
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Tampa uses seawater for ________ of its population |
10% |
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What are some problems associated with Desalination? |
1. Salty water by-product that is 2x saltier than the sea 2. aesthetically unappealing 3. requires a lot of energy 4. expensive |
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What are 6 reasons why Desalination is expected to increase in the future? |
1. better technology 2. alt. sources getting more expensive (dams) 3. regulatory & environmental hurdles to developing untapped resources 4. public more willing to pay for it 5. ocean water availability not subject to droughts 6. financing in poor countries could be subsidized by government |
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What are the 3 stages in the Waste Water Treatment Process? |
1. Primary 2. Secondary 3. Tertiary |
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What are the 3 steps used within the Primary Treatment step of the Waste Water Treatment Process? |
1. removing suspended solids 2. grit chamber - allows it to settle 3. settling tanks to remove settled solids (sludge) |
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What happens in the Secondary Treatment of the Waste Water Treatment Process? |
1. biological oxygen demand is reduced 2. trickling filters are used 3. activated sludge is used to promote bacterial activity |
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What happens in the Tertiary Treatment of Waste Water Treatment Process? |
1. chemicals 2. sand filters 3. chlorine 4. UV |
