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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Ingested nematodes |
Enterobius, Ascaris, Toxocara, Trichinella |
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Cutaneous nematodes |
Strongyloides, Ancylostoma, Necator |
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Nematode bites |
Loa loa, Onchocerca volvulus, Wuchereria bancrofti |
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Nematode; Intestinal infection causing anal pruritus (diagnosed by seeing egg via the tape test); fecal-oral; Tx bendazoles |
Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm) |
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Nematode; Intestinal infection with possible obstruction at ileocecal valve; fecal-oral; Tx bendazoles |
Ascaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm) |
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Nematode; Intestinal infection causing vomiting, diarrhea, epigastric pain (may mimic peptic ulcer); Larvae in soil penetrate the skin; Tx Ivermectin or bendazoles |
Strongyloides stercoralis(threadworm) |
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Nematode; Intestinal infection causing anemia by sucking blood from intestinal wall. Cutaneous larva migrans—pruritic, serpiginous rash from walking barefoot on contaminated beach; Larvae penetrate skin; Tx Bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate |
Ancylostoma duodenale, Necator americanus (hookworms) |
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Nematode; intestinal infection; larvae enter bloodstream and encyst in striated muscle cells--> inflammation of muscle. fever, vomiting, nausea, periorbital edema, myalgia; Fecal-oral; undercooked meat (especially pork); Tx Bendazoles |
Trichinella spiralis |
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Nematode; Visceral larva migrans—nematodes migrate to blood through intestinal wall causing inflammation and damage. Organs frequently affected include the heart (myocarditis), liver, and CNS (seizures, coma); Fecal-oral; Tx Bendazoles |
Toxocara canis |
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Nematode; Skin changes, loss of elastic fibers, and river blindness; allergic reaction to microfilaria possible. Female blackfly; Tx Ivermectin |
Onchocerca volvulus |
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Nematode; Swelling in skin, worm in conjunctiva; Deer fly, horse fly, mango fly; Tx Diethylcarbamazine |
Loa loa |
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Nematode; Elephantiasis—worms invade lymph nodes and cause inflammation, which can block lymphatic vessels, takes 9 mo–1 yr after bite to become symptomatic. Female mosquito; Tx Diethylcarbamazine |
Wuchereria bancrofti |
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Cestode; Intestinal tapeworm; Ingestion of larvae encysted in undercooked pork; Tx Praziquantel |
Taenia solium |
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Cestode; Cysticercosis, neurocysticercosis; Ingestion of eggs contaminated with human feces; Tx Praziquantel; albendazole for neurocysticercosis |
Taenia solium |
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Cestode; Vitamin B12 deficiency (tapeworm competes for B12 in intestine) --> megaloblastic anemia; Ingestion of larvae from raw freshwater fish; Tx Praziquantel |
Diphyllobothrium latum |
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Cestode; Hydatid cysts in liver, causing anaphylaxis if antigens released (hydatid cyst injected with ethanol or hypertonic saline to kill daughter cysts before removal); Ingestion of eggs from dog feces, Sheep are an intermediate host; Tx Albendazole |
Echinococcus granulosus |
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Trematode; Liver and spleen enlargement, fibrosis, and inflammation; Chronic infection can lead to squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder (painless hematuria) and pulmonary hypertension; Snails are host; cercariae penetrate skin of humans; Tx Praziquantel |
Schistosoma mansoni, egg with lateral spine Schistosoma haematobium--chronic infection, egg with terminal spine |
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Trematode; Biliary tract inflammation--> pigmented gallstones; Associated with cholangiocarcinoma; Undercooked fish; Tx Praziquantel |
Clonorchis sinensis |
