Worldhist1: Europe In The Middle Ages

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Medieval

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Term referring to the Middle Ages in Europe or the period of history in between ancient and modern times.

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knight

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A noble in Europe who served as a mounted warrior for a lord in the Middle Ages.

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Clovis

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First European king to unite the Franks and accept Christianity.

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Charlemagne

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Also known as Charles the Great. He is the first Holy Roman Emperor. He unified western Europe and revived learning.

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feudalism

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A loosely organized system of government in which local lords governed their own lands but owed military service and other support to a greater lord.

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serfs

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In medieval Europe, a peasant bound to the lord's land.

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vassals

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In medieval Europe, a lord who was granted land in exchange for service and loyalty to a greater lord.

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manor

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A lord's estate, which included one or more villages and the surrounding lands.

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tithes

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A payment to a church equal to one tenth of a person's income.

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monks

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A community of men who have taken religious vows.

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tournament

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A mock battle in which knights would compete against one another to show off their fighting skills.

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guild

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An association of merchants or artisans who cooperated to protect their economic interests.

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journeyman

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A salaried worker who was employed by a guild master.

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apprentice

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A young person learning a trade from a master.

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monarch

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A king or a queen.

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crusade

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A holy war.

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lay investiture

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The creation of bishops by anyone who is not a member of the clergy (church).

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Concordat of Worms

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A treaty in which the Holy Roman Empire agreed that the church had the sole power to elect bishops with spiritual authority.

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Pope Urban II

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A pope that motivated European Christians by religious speeches to go fight for their religion in the Middle East. He was a key player in the First Crusade.

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Saladin

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Famous Muslim leader who defeated the Christians and took back the Holy Land. He did allow for Christian pilgrimages to the holy city of Jerusalem.

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King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella

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Their marriage united Spain and made the country a strong part of Europe. They are famously known for sending Christopher Columbus to the Americas.

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vernacular

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Everyday language of ordinary people. An example would be English, French, or Spanish instead of Latin.

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clergy

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Ordained members of the church such as priests.

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scholasticism

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A reconciliation between logic and faith toward learning.

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Thomas Aquinas

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Famous scholar who successfully brought together Christian faith and classical Greek philosophy.

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Bubonic plague

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A contagious, often fatal epidemic disease. It's transmitted from person to person or by the bite of fleas from an infected rodent. It's characterized by chills, fever, vomiting, diarrhea, and the extreme swelling of the lymph nodes.

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longbow

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A six foot long bow that could rapidly fire arrows with enough force to pierce most armor.

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heresy

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Religious beliefs that are contrary to the teachings of the Church.

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Joan of Arc

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French military leader and heroine. She had religious visions which inspired the French against the English in the Hundred Year's War. She was executed for heresy by the British.

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blacksmith

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One that makes, repairs, and fits horseshoes and/or shapes iron into tools.

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midwives

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Women who are skilled in delivering babies.

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Ivan the Terrible

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A harsh Russian ruler who used violence to crush any opposition. He united the noble families and further tied the serfs to the land.

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Diaspora

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This term means the "scattering of the people."