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86 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Allied Powers
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*France
*Britain *Russia *Italy * U.S. *20 (approximately) other countries |
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Central Powers
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*Germany
*Austria-Hungary *Bulgaria *Ottoman Empire |
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The effect of trench warfare
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caused stalemates and wasted money, time, and lives
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the outcome of the group "Black Hand"'s assassination of Archduke Ferdinand
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World War I
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the effect of submarine warfare
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neutral ships were sunk and later caused the US to join the war
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the deadly weapon that was later banned because of its killing capacity
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mustard gas and chlorine
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How President Wilson reacted to the submarine warefare
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vowed to hold Germany responsible if its U-Boats caused any loss of American life or property
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pride in one's own nation
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nationalism
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the policy of building up strong armed forces to prepare for war
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militarism
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*date and *place the Lusitania was sunk
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*May 7, 1915
*off the coast of Ireland |
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a deadlock in which neither side is strong enough to defeat the other
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stalemate
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the agreement that required German U-Boats to surface before attacking any ship
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the Sussex Pledge
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date* and reason* Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia
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*July 28, 1914
*Austria-Hungary accused the Serbian government of organizing the Archduke Ferdinand's assassination |
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place* and reason* why Germany declared war on Russia
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*August 1, 1914
*Germany called on Russia to cancel mobilization order *no answer from Russia *Germany declared war on Russia |
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date of Archduke Ferdinand's assassination
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*June 28, 1914
*by the terrorist group "Black Hand" |
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the member of the "Black Hand" terrorist group who shot and killed Archduke Ferdinand and his wife
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young terrorist named Gavrilo Princip
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the new German weapon that caused problems in the water
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U-Boats (the "U" stands for underwater)
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the policy of extending a nation's authority or land rule over foreign nations
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imperialism
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the battle that lasted for 10 months that was between the Germans and French
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The Battle of Verdun
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uses threats and violence to promote a cause
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terrorist
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German emporer
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kaiser
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the spreading of ideas that help a cause or hurt an opposing cause
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propaganda
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the reason why America tried to stay neutral
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*the economy boomed
*trade increased *the US didn't want to lose this opportunity |
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the 3 causes of tension in Europe in 1914
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*nationalism
*militarism *imperialism |
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the Luisitania contents
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passengers
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"peace without victory"
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President Wilson
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The US should declare war on Germany because....
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*Americans outraged by German submarine warfare
*Americans favor Britian & France *Zimmermann telegram angered Americans *American trade with Allies growing |
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The US shouldn't declare war on Germany because....
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*US has tradition of neutrality
*Americans sympathize with Central Powers *Wilson opposes alliance with Russian czar *Pacifists oppossed to joining war |
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He wrote the Zimmermann telgram becuase
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(Arthur Zimmermann) wanted Mexico to attack the US if the US declared war on Germany
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Jeanette Rankin was the first woman
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to be elected to Congress
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The Selective Service Act was passed because...
and required... |
...US needed to enlarge its forces
...all men from ages 21-30 to register for the military draft |
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25% of soldiers were unable to read or write
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illiterate
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A bureaucracy is
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a system of managing government through departments run by appointed officials
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The head of the Food Administration was
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Herbert Hoover
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By buying Liberty Bonds, American citizens were
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lending money to government to pay for war
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The result of women replacing men in their jobs was a
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change in veiw that women were only fit for "women's work"
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The War Labor Board settled diputes over
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working hours, wages, and trained to prevent strikes
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people who refused to fight in any war because they believed that war was evil
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pacifists
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IWW stands for
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Industrial Workers of the World
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A hard-fought American victory over the Germans in France(1918)
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The Battle of Belleau Wood
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Harlem Hell Fighters
French awarded them what |
1. an African American unit that fought with the French
2. the Croix de Guerre (highest military honor) and many other military decorations |
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1918 treaty between Russia and Germany that ended Russia's involvement in World War I
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Treaty of Brest-Litovska
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French and American troops defeated the Germans (October 1918)
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Battle of the Argonne Forest
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Agreement to stop fighting
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armistice
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Give up power
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abdicate
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The rapid spread of a contagious disease among large numbers of people
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epidemic
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June 1917 The first American troops reach France
Conditions Europeans face after the war |
1. many areas were in ruins
2. millions of people were close to starvation 3. many children were orphaned and homeless 4. many died in the flu epidemic |
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To avoid futher bloodshed
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Prince Max of Baden secretly cable president Wilson
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Allies accomplished what
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They Won World War 1
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He commanded the American Expeditionary Force
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General John J. Pershing
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The Germans' plan for an all-out attack against the Allies that they hoped to end the war
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The "peace offensive"
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The Bolsheviks wanted to stage a communist revolution in Russia
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Russians decide to withdraw from the war
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Bolshevicks seize power from Russia's
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Provisional Government
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Lenin embraced his ideas
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Karl Marx (German thinker of 1800s)
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Russia gives Germany what after withdrawn from the war
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large amounts of land
Battle of Belleau lasted 3 weeks |
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He killed 24 Germans and the remaining Germans ended up surrendering to him
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Alvin York
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Who was French Marshal Ferdinand Foch?
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commander of the Allied forces
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1.hard-fighting troops
2.many supplies |
Helped the Allies to victory
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Two conditions president Wilson set for an armistice
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1.Germany must accept his plan for peace
2.The German emperor must abdicate |
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Germany became a republic
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After the German emperor resigned
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November 11, 1918 (eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month)
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World War 1 ended
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It was a betrayal
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The treaty between Russia and Germany
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President Wilson's plan for peace after World War I
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Fourteen Points Plan
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the right of national groups to have their own territory
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self-determination
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association of nations formed after World War I under Wilson's Fourteen Points plan
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Leauge of Nations
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Big Four
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1.France (Geoges Clemenceau)
2.Italy (Vittorio Orlando) 3.Great Britain (David Lloyd George) 4.The United States (Woodrow Wilson) |
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cash payments made by a defeated nation to a victorious nation to pay for losses suffered during a war
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reparations
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treaty signed on June 28, 1919, by Germany and the Allies; formally placed the responsibility for the war on Germany and its allies
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Treaty of Versailles
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after World War I, any American who wanted the United States to stay out of world affairs
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isolationist
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the first U.S. president to meet foreign leaders on foreign soil
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Woodrow Wilson
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called for an end to secret agreements, (Wilson thought secrecy encouraged rivarly which led to war)
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first point of the Fourteen Points Plan
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called for
1. freedom of the seas 2. free trade 3. limitation of arms |
second point of the Fourteen Points Plan
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the fourteenth point of the Fourteen Points Plan (Wilson thought this one was most important) called for
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a "League of Nations"
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Allies _______ Wilson's plan for peace
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scoffed at
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reasons for the failure of the Fourteen Points Plan
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1.goals too vague
2.some ideals conflicted with reality 3.Allies more concerned with protecting their interests than forging peace |
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diplomats from 30 countries met in France to create
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5 treaties, called Peace of Paris
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decided the key issues during negotiations in France
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The Big Four
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Wilson called for this at the peace meetings
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"peace without victory"
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The Allies, besides the U.S., wanted this at peace meetings
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1. revenge on Germany
2. to force Germany to accept guilt 3. large reporations 4. to weaken Germany as a nation |
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The terms of the Treaty of Versailles were
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1.Germany had to accept the responsibility of war
2. Germany had to pay 300 billion dollars in reparations 3. limited the size of German military 4. stripped Germany of overseas colonies (became French or English) |
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a few points of the Fourteen Points included in the Treaty of Versailles
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1. Yugoslavia and Czechoslovakia
(created from lands from Germany, Russia, and Austria-Hungary) 2. Poland regained its independence 3. League of Nations created |
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problems in the way of American ratification of the Versailles Treaty and American participation in the League of Nations
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1. isolationists
2. Republicans who wished to embarass the president 3.German Americans |
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Republican, chairman of Senate Foreign Relations Commitee, disagreed with United States involvement in wars that might be cause by American involvement in the Leauge of Nations
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Henry Cabot Lodge
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hampered Wilson's campaign for the ratification of the Versailles Treaty
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a massive stroke
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Senate ________ Versailles Treaty
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rejected
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U.S. ______ in 1921 (two years afer the proposal of the Versailles Treaty)
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signed a peace treaty with Germany
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