World War I

Front 1

Central Powers

Back 1

Germany, Austria-Hungary, (later the Ottoman Empire)

Front 2

Allied Powers

Back 2

France, Britain, Russia, (later Japan, Italy, and the U.S.)

Front 3

The Lusitania

Back 3

British passenger liner sunk by German U-boat off the coast of Ireland May 1915; 128 American lives were lost, Americans were livid

Front 4

Sussex Ultimatum

Back 4

Germany sunk a French passenger steamer, the Sussex, and 4 Americans were killed; Wilson warned Germany to stop sinking merchant ships or U.S. would break diplomatic relations

Front 5

Charles Evans Hughes

Back 5

Republican nominee in the Election of 1916 backed by both Republicans and progressives

Front 6

"He Kept Us Out of War"

Back 6

Wilson's slogan in Election of 1916

Front 7

Election of 1916

Back 7

Democrat Wilson defeated Republican Hughes

Front 8

unrestricted submarine warfare

Back 8

Germany declared in 1917 that all ships would be sunk, including American vessels; they believed U.S. would enter war too late

Front 9

Russian Revolution

Back 9

the Czarist regime was overthrown, replaced with a more democratic government

Front 10

Zimmerman Note

Back 10

proposal from German foreign secretary that if Mexico declared war on U.S., Germany would help Mexico reclaim TX, NM, AZ

Front 11

League of Nations

Back 11

proposed international organization to supply collective security

Front 12

National War Labor Board

Back 12

created to oversee labor disputes; recognized workers' right to unionize; seen as revolutionary

Front 13

IWW

Back 13

used labor sabotage to undermine war efforts

Front 14

Liberty loan drives

Back 14

parades and slogans used to raise money for the war; combined efforts netted 2/3 of current cost of war to U.S.

Front 15

Food Administration

Back 15

preferred voluntary compliance over formal laws; declared "Wheatless Wednesdays" and "Meatless Tuesdays" on voluntary basis; "victory gardens"

Front 16

Creel Committee

Back 16

also known as Committee on Public Information; created to sell America on war and sell the world on Wilsonian war aims

Front 17

George Creel

Back 17

young journalist who created the Creel Commitee

Front 18

War Industries Board

Back 18

aimed to control raw materials, production, prices and labor relations

Front 19

Bernard Baruch

Back 19

appointed to head of War Industries Board

Front 20

Espionage Act of 1917

Back 20

provided fines and imprisonment for persons making false statements aiding the enemy, inciting rebellion, or evading draft

Front 21

Sedition Act 1918

Back 21

forbade any criticism of the government, flag, or uniform and expanded mail exclusion

Front 22

Eugen V. Debs

Back 22

sentenced to 10 years in prison under Sedition Act

Front 23

John Pershing

Back 23

head of first separate U.S. army

Front 24

Second Battle of the Marne

Back 24

French counteroffensive to German drive, aided by U.S.

Front 25

Meuse-Argonne Offensive

Back 25

undertaken by Pershing's Army; part of last major allied attack involving millions

Front 26

armistice

Back 26

cease fire

Front 27

influenza epidemic

Back 27

major cause of civilian death

Front 28

Henry Cabot Lodge

Back 28

led opposition of Versailles treaty, demanding provisions for the preservation of the Monroe Doctrine

Front 29

Big Four

Back 29

Wilson of the U.S.
David Lloyd George of Britain
Georges Clemenceau of France
Vittorio Orlando of Italy

Front 30

Treaty of Versailles

Back 30

placed sole blame of war on Germany, Germany obliged to pay reparations of $31 billion to Allies, Germany forced to accept severe military reconstruction, and Germany was left out of the League of Nations

Front 31

Archduke Franz Ferdinand

Back 31

his assassination was the trigger of WWI

Front 32

"Make the world safe for democracy"

Back 32

Wilson's idealism seeking to inspire Americans to fight

Front 33

"War to end all wars"

Back 33

Wilson's idealism seeking th inspire Americans to fight

Front 34

American Expeditionary Force

Back 34

small initial American force sent to France under John Pershing

Front 35

Schneck v. U.S.

Back 35

stated Congress could limit free speech when words represented a "clear and present danger..."

Front 36

Doughboys

Back 36

nickname given to AEF

Front 37

Mandate

Back 37

victors could not receive conquered territory outright but only as trustees of the League of Nations

Front 38

self-determination

Back 38

freedom of country to decide its own political status; granted in Poland, Czechoslovakia, Finland, Yugoslavia, Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia

Front 39

Warren G. Harding

Back 39

defeated Wilson in Election of 1820

Front 40

normalcy

Back 40

Harding's campaign promise