World Studies Exam Review For Terms

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Primary Sources

Back 1

records produced during the time being studied

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Secondary Sources

Back 2

records that explain primary sources

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World View

Back 3

perspective form which me may examine the world and everything in it

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History

Back 4

the study of the past acts of God and man on earth from creation to the present based on evidence

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divine sovereignty

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a term that describes God's complete and permanent authority over the earth

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civilization

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human culture lived in cities

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specialization

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division of labor that is part of the culture of every city

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nation

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a large group of people who have in common the same land, customs, and language

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polytheism

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the belief in more than one god

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cuneiform

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the earliest form of writing

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empire

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the rule of one people over another

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astrology

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an interpretation of human events using the stars and planets

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Pharoah

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rulers of Egypt believed to be gods in human form

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hieroglyphics

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a form of picture-writing used by the Egyptians

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monotheism

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the belief in only one God

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Diaspora

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this is the scattering of the Jews by Nebuchadnezzar

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polis

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"city-state" which was the basic political unit of Greece

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oligarchy

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the rule of a few... usually wealthy and well-known

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tyranny

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rule by one person... usually by force

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democracy

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the rule by the people...each adult male would share in the responsibility of ruling

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Helots

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slaves in Sparta

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Hellenistic

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a new Greek culture: "like the Greek"

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philosophers

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"lovers of wisdom" who tried to find answers to men's questions by using reasoning skills

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Pater

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the Latin word for father

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Plebians

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the common people of Rome

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The Law of the Twelve Tables

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the Roman law that became the foundation of Roman civil law

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Punic Wars

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a set of wars fought between Carthage and Rom

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Publicans

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Roman tax collectors

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Imperator

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an ancient title given to the commander of a victorious army...led to the establishment of the Roman Empire

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Aqueduct

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a system built to supply water to cities from rivers and other water sources

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Pontifex Maximus

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a title held by the Roman emperor in which he interpreted the will of the gods in the affairs of the people

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synagogues

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centers of Jewish worship

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Septuagint

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this is a translation of the Hebrew Old Testament into Greek... because Jews could no longer read Hebrew

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Council of Nicaea

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a council that affirmed Christ's deity and the truth of the Trinity

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Patriarchs

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bishops of the churches in the most important cities in the empire

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monasticism

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a practice of attempting escape from the trials of the world by living apart from society in monasteries

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Justinian Code

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an accumulation of Roman laws for the ancient days of Rom...compiled by Emperor Justinian

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excommunication

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depriving an individual of the sacraments and excluding him from the fellowship of the church

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Crusades

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military expeditions designed to free the Holy Land from the grip of the Muslims

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Kaaba

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located in Mecca...a sacred shrine that housed hundreds of pagan idols

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Koran

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sacred book of the Muslims

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Caliphs

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men who were the successors to Muhammad and directed the affairs of Islam

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Mosques

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places of Muslim worship

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sanskrit

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language left by the Aryans for the people of India

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caste

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rigid social groups of India

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Wheel of Life

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circle of life that is important to Hinduism...a man's soul passes through many rebirths before it escapes the physical world

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MIddle Kingdom

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name the Chinese gave their land because they believed China to be the center of the earth

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Pax Sinica

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"Chinese Peace"... a period when Chinese trade prospered

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Bushido

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"The way of the warrior"... governed the conduct of the warrior

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Swahili

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African language that is a combination of Arabic, Persian, and Indian

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753 BC

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Rome was founded

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586 BC

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Babylonian captivitiy

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509 BC

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Roman Republic established

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31BC to 180 AD

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Pax Romana

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70 AD

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Temple destroyed

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476 AD

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Fall of Rome

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1453 AD

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Constantinople falls