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80 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What terrain is Saudi Arabia mainly?
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Desert
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Where is the population concentraited in deserts and desert related areas?
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Oasises (Oasi?)
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Bedouin Tribes?
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extended families who worked together to gather the scarse resources that existed. Love your clan, hate their clan lifestyle.
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Who is Allah?
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God
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What is Allah's relation to God?
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He is God. It's the same God Christians have.
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Muhammad
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Started Islam.
Founded Medina. Conquered alot of space. |
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Umma
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Community of believers
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What is so important about a monotheistic Islam?
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It contrasts the local polytheism.
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Why does Muhammad leave Mecca?
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He fears assassination.
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Qur'an
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Holy book of Allah. Translated from God through the Arc Angel Gabriel, Spoken by Muhammad and Written by his diciples.
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Five pillars?
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Faith
Prayer Alms Fasting Pilgrimage |
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What are alms?
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Giving to the poor.
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Caliph
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Religious deputy
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Shia
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Party of the Islamic faith. Split from Sunni Islam
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Sunni
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Traditionalist Muslims
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Jizza
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Head tax
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dar al-Islam
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House of Islam. The sum of everywhere Allah is acknowledged as God.
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Ulama
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People with religious knowledge
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Qadis
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Judges for the laws of Islam.
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Jihad
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Struggle
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Fitna
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Muslim Civil War
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Dimmi
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"People of the Book"
Christians & Jews |
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al Analus
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Muslim Spain
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Harem
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The physical house where lots and lots of concubines lived. People were sometimes able to have these because of the vast richness of this area.
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What did Muhammad say about Women?
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Equal before Allah
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What did the diciples who wrote the Qur'an say about Women?
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Must be veiled. Men can have up to four wives. Women can only have one husband. Men can divorce by saying "I dismis thee" three times. Women can't divorce at all.
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Who was the first Caliph?
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Abu Bakur
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Jihad's implications?
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Jihad is a struggle.
The struggle to live a good life is a part of this. Muhammad called this the greater Jihad. The other two are the struggles to defend Islam and create a great Muslim society. The second two are often exploited in order to justify "religios warefare" against who ever the leaders say. |
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First Fitna
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First Muslim Civil War. Umayyads vs. Ali, a caliph. Ali is killed. Leads to Sunni/Shi'ite split.
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Who do the Shi'ite believe should be in charge?
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Descendants of Muhammad.
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Why were people not common or not emphacized in Islamic or Early Christian Arrt
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People took away from the greatness of God, and could accidentally be worshiped.
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Abbasid Empire
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Allied with Shi'ites and other opressed minorities and toppled the Umayyad Empire. Much more inclusive of other beliefs.
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Mamluks
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Turkish slaves. Were nomadic, so they were good horsemen/archers. Extremely powerful army, but they were poorly controlled and often were the only thing protecting the emperor. If they got mad (which they frequently did), it was very easy to assassinate the Emperor.
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Mali
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African Empire founded around Islam. Found Islam served both the gvt. and the people. Became very wealthy and powerful.
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Mansa Musa
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Malian (Mali) Emperor who was so rich, he and thousands of guests traveled all the way across Africa to Mecca just to
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Why did Hinduism decline at this time?
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With an Islamic presence in India many chose Islam over Hinduism.
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What was the significance of Al-Andalus
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Umayyad controlled Spain. First major collaberation between Jews and Christians.
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Sufism
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Third split of Islam.
Actually peaceful. Only want unity w/ Allah, not war. |
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Kingdom of Aksum
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Very sucessful Kingdom because it was the only link from Rome to Sub-Saharan Africa.
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Ghana?
What did it's emperor do that was unique? |
Small African Empire. The King baned the use of Gold nuggets, instead saying people must carry powder, which allowed him to control inflation.
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What was the difference in how the Dehli and Mali became Islamic?
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Delhi became Islamic through title, as Islamic forces invaded.
Not many ACTUALLY converted. Mali slowly converted through trade, in which they benifited from being Islamic. |
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What caused the violent dispute between India and the Muslim world?
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A huge variation in beliefs. Invaded by Afgans, who were just naturaly violent.
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Carolingian
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King Charles' family. Stopped Islamic invaders and grew a large empire. Then split it into France, Burgundy, and Germany (just need to know there's three parts)
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What change occured in what used to be Rome after the Germans took over?
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Cities faded away (they were too much of a target for pilagers), and people moved to manors.
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Manors
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Self-Suficient areas with no need of outside trade. These were important because they offered litteral physically protection, opposed to the hypothetical protection a King offerd.
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Serf
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Essencially a slave. However, their benifit was a significantly smaller chance of dying.
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Vassal
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One who is given support financially by a King, but in return, has to provide the Serfs he buys and the castle he builds to the King's army.
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What rights did Midieval women have?
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They could own buisness and create art, just not chose their marriage partner.
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Chivalry
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A concept stollen from the Germans, it is the notion that men need to be polite to women and defend their country etcetera.
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Charlemagne and the Franks
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The only possitive time in the Medieval ages. The most unity a long long time. Semi-peace.
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Feudalism
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Loose agreements of loyal in exchange for money or land.
Often, land was given out in exchange for millitary service, too. |
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Explain the Heiarchy in Fudalism, if that's even possible.
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Kings own Lords.
Lords own Vassals. Lords can own other Lords. Lords can share Vassals. Vassals own Serfs. Vassals can own other Vassals. Thus, these Vassals share Serfs. |
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How much Power did the King have at this time?
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Pretty much no ACTUAL power.
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Christendom
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Christ-endom
Kingdom of Christ |
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Hell
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Was believe as a quite literal place which you went if you were bad.
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Excommunication
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Punishment meaning you can't go into heaven.
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Papacy
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Office of the Pope, the only Universal Authority at the time.
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Who was the Pope
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Bishop of Rome.
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Canon Law
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Law of the Church.
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Monasticism
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Monks and Nuns. Only could work and pray. Often took life long vows or abstinence, silence, or poverty. Also, very good teachers of acedemic and religious knowledge.
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"Holy Roman Empire"
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An plot of land that was neither holy, roman, or an empire. Loose faction of German princes, who all pass around the title of Emperor. "Protectors of the Faith"
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Investiture
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Giving power to the next Bishop
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Investiture Controversy
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Pope wants power of Investiture, and so do Kings and Lords. Pope has more power, so he excommunicates the King, who is forced to submit to his will.
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Concordat of Worms
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Statement saying the King couldn't make Bishops, but instead gained the power to control the existant ones.
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Cardinals
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Senior Bishops
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Henry V
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Signed the Concordat of Worms.
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Henry IV
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Forced to bend to the will of the Pope.
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Henry II
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Tried to strengthen the Crown.
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Kieven Russia
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Authority of Rome that blended with spreading European Culture.
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Byzantine Empire
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What was left of Rome. Christian. Unified leader led to no division. Slowly lost all of their land.
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Caesaroparism
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Ruler of both the Church and State, which eliminates controversy.
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Cyril and Methodius
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Missionaries who wrote the Crylic language.
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Slavs
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Eastern Europeans
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Who ruled Russia at this time?
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Vikings, who later become the slavs.
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Vladimir
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Ruler of Russia who converted his entire country to Orthodox Christianity, due to the reports of his scouts.
Don't need to know this much. Islan~ No alchohol Jews~No power Catholic~Pope |
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Justinian
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Peasant who rises to power and almost reunites the Roman Empire. Fails when Bubonic Plague kills lots of his population.
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Constantinople
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A Byzantine trade hub. 10x larger than the next largest city of the time!
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What are the Political reasons behind the crusades?
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An expanding Church
More power for Christendom Less civil war. Capture Jeruselem |
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What are the Religious reasons behind the crusades?
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Holy Battle of Beliefs
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What are the Economic reasons behind the crusades?
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Cross-European Trade
Lots of Wealth Pilaging It pays to win Spoils of war Great trade offerings |
