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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Apostles |
The earliest leaders of the Christian church, were identified as the twelve disciples of Jesus. bishop took its place in the second century. |
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Minaret |
The tower of a mosque from which the call to prayer is made five times each day; some mosques have several minarets. |
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Caliph |
The leader of the Islamic Community after Muhammad and after the Shite schism of the Sunni community; were not considered divinely inspired individuals, since Muhammad was viewed as the last of the prophets. |
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Imam |
The leader of the Shiite community, comparable to the Caliphs of the Sunnis; in its more specific use, the term is applied to the leader who is a descendant of Ali and who has supernatural powers to interpret law. |
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Pope |
used in the Western church exclusively for the bishop of Rome; a common term for priest in some of the Eastern churches. |
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Patriarch |
The head of national Eastern Orthodox churches; title has been used since the sixth century. |
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Baptism |
The rite of initiation in the Christian community; practiced from the first century onward; it underwent various transformations, which have resulted in diverse practices within Christianity. |
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Eucharist |
This rite is known by the a number of names; it is based on the story of Jesus’ “Last Supper” with his disciples on the night prior to his execution. |
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Autocephalous |
Refers to the structure of the Eastern Orthodox Churches, where each national church has its own head, without one overall authority, as is found in the Western church in the bishop of Rome. |
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Incarnation |
The belief that God took on real human characteristics in Jesus. The specifics of that event will are debated by Christians. |
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Hijab |
The scarf or head covering worn by many Muslim women. |
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Mahdi |
The ruler and religious leader who will appear just before the end of the world to restore justice and righteousness associated with the return of Jesus. |
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Ayatollah |
A recently coined term for a high-ranking religious scholar in the Shiite tradition in Iran. |
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Fatwa |
A legal opinion by a qualified jurist, clarifying a disputed point of law in practice; is treated as having the force of law. |
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Jihad |
The personal struggle of a Muslim in the way of piety, or the militant struggle to defend and extend Islam. The latter is commonly called “Holy War.” |
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Ganesha |
Popular, elephant-headed, pot bellied deity; leader of Shiva’s forces who presides over obstacles. |
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Krishna |
Eighth incarnation of Vishnu; featured in the epic Mahabharata. |
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Dharma |
An understanding of the meaning of duty righteousness and it’s application in ones life. |
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Moksha |
Liberation through self-realization from the bondage to worldly existence and the cycles of reincarnation. |
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Karma Yoga |
A path of selfless action described in the Bhagavad Gita. It emphasizes detachment from the outcome of all actions; which should be performed in a spirit of sacrifice to the divine. |
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Jnana Yoga |
A path that centers on the intellect and is regarded as difficult. Scriptural study, inquiry into the question “Who Am I?” And meditation may be regarded as belonging to this quest for transcendental knowledge. |
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Bhakti Yoga |
An approach introduced in the Bhagavad Gita, calling for loving devotion to a deity. Devotional worship is the most common way in which loving devotion is expressed, although it may take other forms such as prayer, song, and pilgrimage. |
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Raja Yoga |
Royal Yoga which centers on stopping the “turnings of thought” and offers eight aspects (limbs) that need to be developed in order to perfect it. |
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Guru |
One’s teacher, generally used to designate the most important guide and mentor in one’s spiritual development. |
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Yogi |
A person who is wholly committed to the discipline of Yoga, a philosophy promulgating the complete integration of oneself with the Absolute through specific, often austere, psychophysical practices. |
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Swami |
A titled bestowed |
