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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Sikh
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Hindi for “disciple.” Hindi is the main language spoken in northern and central India. It is also the official language of the Indian government.
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Guru
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Sanskrit for “teacher.” It carries this sense in Hinduism. In Sikhism it carries the additional meaning of “spiritual leader.” It is the title given to the first ten leaders of the Sikhs.
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Mogul/Mughal
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This is the Persian word referring to Central Asian nomads who claimed descent from the warriors of Genghis Khan. They were adherents of Islam. Their empire stretched from AD 1526-1707. At its greatest extent it covered most of the Indian subcontinent, and parts of what are now Afghanistan and Pakistan.
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Babur
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The Timurid prince who established the Mughal Empire in 1526. The Timurids were aristocratic Turco-Mongols.
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True Name
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The identity by which God revealed himself to Nanak.
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Japji
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“Honored Recitation.” The opening hymn of the Sikh scriptures (the Guru Granth Sahib/Adi Grath). It is recited every morning by devout Sikhs.
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Guru Granth Sahib (Adi Granth)
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“A Master Book by the Teacher.” The Sikh scripture. It is an expansion of the Adi Granth, and is often described by this title. It consists of nearly six thousand hymns.
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Adi Granth
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“The First Book.” This is the Sikh scripture compiled by the fifth Guru, Arjan in 1604. It consists of nearly five thousand hymns, mainly from the first five Gurus. The last Guru, Gobind Sing declared that the it would be the perpetual Guru of the Sikhs. It makes up the bulk of the Guru Granth Sahib, and so the Guru Granth Sahib is often referred to by this name.
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Mardana
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The minstrel who accompanied Guru Nanak.
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Ek Oankar/Ik Onkar
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“The One OM Expression.” This is the Sikh name for god.
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panentheism
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God is in everything. The world is in god, but the world is not god. God is greater than the world. The belief that everything is god.
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Nanak
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(1469-1539) The founder and first Guru of the Sikhs.
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Angad
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(1504-1552) The second Guru. He collected Nanak’s hymns, and developed a script called Gurmukhi to record them.
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Gurmukhi
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The script in which the Sikh scripture is written. It was developed by the second Guru, Angad.
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Arjan
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(1563-1606) The fifth Guru. He began the construction of the Golden Temple in Amristar. He also supervised the compilation of the Sikh scripture, the Adi Granth.
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Golden Temple
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The Sikh Temple at Amristar in Punjab Province of India.
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Amritsar
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A city in the Punjab Province of north India.
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Gobind Rai
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(1666-1708) The tenth and last Guru. He became known as Gobind Singh. He established the Sikh military order, the Khalsa, in 1699.
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Gobind Singh
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The name of Gobind Rai after the establishment of the Khalsa. End means “lion.”
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Khalsa
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“Pure.” The Sikh brotherhood established for the protection of Sikhism by Gobind Rai in 1699.
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Five K’s
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– A shorthand way of referring to the five symbols of the Khalsa: 1. Kesh – uncut head and facial hair, 2. Kangha – comb, 3. Kara/Karha – steel bracelet , 4. Kach/Kachha – long shorts, 5. Kirpan - sword.
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Singh
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The last name of male members of the Khalsa. It means “lion.”
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Kaur
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The last name of female members of the Khalsa. It means “princess.”
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Sahajdharis/Sahaj-dhari
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“Slow Adopters.” The name given to those Sikhs who have not joined the Khalsa.
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Udasis
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“Sad/Detached.” An ascetic group of Sikhs. Founded by Siri Chand, the elder son of Guru Nanak.
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The Turban
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Male Sikh head covering.
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Khanda
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The primary symbol of Sikhism. A circle pierced by a two-edged sword and surrounded by two daggers.
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Nishan Sahib
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A saffron yellow triangular flag bearing the Khanda symbol.
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Gurdwara/Gurudwara
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Sikh house of worship and community center.
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