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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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In which country did Jainism begin? |
India |
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What does the word "jina" mean? |
Spiritual Conqueror |
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Draw and explain the main symbol of Jainism. What is the word for nonviolence in Jainism? |
Hand with the wheel in the middle. The wheel stands for the resolve to halt the samsara through the relentless pursuit of Ahimsa. nonviolence = Ahimsa |
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What is the name of the Jain scriptures? |
Agamas |
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Which two kinds of food may Jains not eat? |
Meat and rooted vegetables |
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Who was the 24th Tirthankara in the present cycle of existence? When did this person live? |
Lord Mahavira 599-527 B.C. |
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What are the names of the two main Jain sects? How are they different from each other? |
Digambara and Svetambara They disagree on details about the life of Mahavira |
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Give me two similarities between Jainism and Buddhism |
Both rejected Hindu Caste Both emphasized the practice of meditation |
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Give two differences between Jainism and Buddhism |
Many buddhists are vegetarians, all Jains are strict vegetarians Buddhism began in India but quickly spread, while Jainism stayed in India |
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Shintoism is the native religion in which country? |
Japan |
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Who are the kami? What is the word Shintoists use for "communication between the kami and humans"? |
Gods and goddesses, spirits in nature, souls of ancestors, and great people (such as emperor) Matsuri |
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What is the name of the gate before a Shinto Shrine? Draw what it looks like. |
Torii |
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What is the Chinese form of Confucius' name? What was his profession? When did he live? |
Kung Fu-Tzu He taught history and good government He lived from 551-479 B.C. |
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What was the major problem in China during the time of Confucius? |
People were killing one another |
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What is the difference between the way the Realists, Mo Tzu, and Confucius proposed to solve the social problems of ancient China? |
Realists (far right) - Strict laws are necessary. Use force and punishment because human nature is very weak. Mo Tzu (far lefts) - Promote love because human nature is bascially good Confucius Approach (middle) - teach moral values and right relationship so that our "second nature" can rule over our "primitive nature" |
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According to Confucius, what are the "Five Constant Relationships?" |
Husband and Wife Parent and Child Elder sibling and younger sibling Elder friend and younger friend Ruler and subjects |
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According to Confucius, what is the "Doctrine of the Mean"? |
Not going to extremes - for example, Confucius said that we should not be too proud nor too humble but somewhere in between |
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Explain the following Confucian terms: jen, chun tzu, li, te, and wen |
Jen - Good heartedness and other centerdness that should underlie all social interactions Chun tzu - the superior person or the mature person Li - Doing things the right way, etiquette, ritual, and proper conduct in the five basic relationships Te - The power of virtue and moral example; the power to rule by good example rather than by brute force Wen - Education: the cultivation of music, art, poetry, painting, and aesthetics; the "arts of peace" as opposed to the "arts of war" |
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Who was the founder of Taoism? What does this title mean? When did he live? |
Lao Tzu Lao Tzu = Old Master Born around 600 B.C. (about 50 years older than Confucius) |
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What does the Chinese word "Tao" mean? What are the three meanings of Tao? |
The way or path of nature 3 meanings of Tao: Ultimate reality, Nature, Human life |
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What is the Chinese name of the basic text of Taoism? What does this mean in English? What makes up this book? |
Tao Te Ching the classic of the way and its power of virtue This book is made up of 81 poems about the workings of the Tao |
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What is meant by the Taoist concept of "wu wei"? |
Not doing Effortless action Non-interference with the flow of nature "No activity that lacks the spontaneity of plants bending towards the sunlight" |
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Draw the yin/yang symbol. What is meant by this symbol? Be able to distinguish between yin qualities and yang qualities |
The universe is composed of the complementary forces Yin and Yang. The principles of yin and yang balance one another. Remember there is a little bit of each in all of us. You must accept both. Yin -negative, female, feminine, left Yang - positive, male, masculine, right |
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Name and describe the Taoist form of meditation and physical exercise. What is its purpose? |
T'ai Chi The purpose of this slow motion exercise is to balance the "chi", the vital energy or cosmic energy of the Tao that is inside of us for our health and or peace of mind |
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Give three basic differences between Confucianism and Taoism |
Confucius emphasized harmony within society. Philosophically: Confucianism is more idealistic, concerned more with the way life ought to be. Practically: more concerned with common sense Taoism emphasized harmony within nature. Philosophically: Taoism is more realistic, concerned more with the way life is. Practically: more romantic and fanciful |
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What is the name of the prophet-founder of Zoroastrianism, whom the Greeks called Zoroaster? Where did he live? When do many scholars believe he lived? |
Zarathustra Ancient Persia 551BCE - 628 BCE (Round to 600 BCE) |
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What is the name which Zoroastrians use for the one supreme God? What does this name mean? |
Ahura Mazda "the Wise Lord" |
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According to Zoroastrianism, how is history described? Who will eventually win? |
Zarathustra taught that the cosmic battle will eventually be won by the good angelic forces and that the evil forces will finally be defeated. Good will win |
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What is the name of the Zoroastrian scriptures? |
Avesta (72 hymns) |
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How often should Zoroastrians pray? What is found in Zoroastrian temples? What does it symbolize? |
Pray 5 times per day in temples which have pots of fire. Fire is a symbol of the purity of Ahura Mazda |
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Name five Zoroastrian beliefs which seem to have influenced Judaism, Christianity and Islam |
Monotheism Angels and demons Good vs. Evil Light vs. Darkness Heaven and Hell |
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What have Zoroastrians in India been called? |
Parsees, meaning "Persians" |
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Explain what some Zoroastrians have done to the bodies of those who have died. |
Many Zoroastrians have neither buried nor cremated their dead The corpse is carried to a tower of silence on a hilltop Vultures then pick the bones clean After the bones have dried, that are put in a well in the tower |
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Draw the main symbol for Islam. |
crescent moon with star |
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What does the word "Islam" mean? What are the followers of Islam called? |
Islam - peace through the submission to the will of Allah Muslim |
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Approximately how many followers of Islam are there in the world? About which percentage live outside the middle Middle East? Which country has the largest number of followers of Islam? |
1.5 billion Muslims 75-80% live outside the Middle East Indonesia |
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What is the name for the God in Islam? From which language does this name come? |
Allah Arabic The God |
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What is the name of the first son of Abraham? Who was the mother of this son? |
Ishmael Hagar |
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When did Muhammad live? Who was Muhammad's first wife? Explain how followers of Islam view Muhammad. Why would followers of Islam be offended if you called their religion "Muhammadanism"? |
570-632 CE in Mecca Khadija They view Muhammad as the messenger of God, but they don't worship Muhammad |
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Concerning the "Five Pillars of Islam" a. What is the sentence that expresses the Shahadah or basic belief of Islam? b. When are the five times each day when followers of Islam are supposed to perform the worship? c. What is the percentage of annual wealth that followers of Islam are supposed to donate to charity? d. What is the Arabic name of the ninth lunar month in the calendar of Islam? What (and when) are followers of Islam not allowed to do during this month? e. What is the Arabic name for the annual pilgrimage? What is the name of the shrine which is the focus of prayer during the pilgrimage? In which city and country is this shrine? According to Islamic tradition, which two people made the first example of such a building in this city? |
a. Absolute oneness of God b. Just before sunrise, early afternoon, late afternoon, just after sunset, and right before sleeping at night c. 2.5% of annual wealth d. Ramadan, and they are not supposed to eat or drink anything during the sunlight hours of the month e. The Hajj is the annual pilgrimage during the 8th and 13th day of the 12th lunar month. The shrine is named Ka'ba and it is located in Mecca, Saudi Arabia. Abraham and his first son Ishmael built the first cubed-shaped temple in Mecca. |
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What kind of meat are followers of Islam not supposed to eat? What are they not supposed to drink? |
Pork, alcohol |
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How do followers of Islam view the Qur'an and how do they believe it came to be? |
Muslims believe the Qur'an is direct revelation, final revelation, infallible word of God given to prophet Muhammad through angel Gabriel. It is not the ideas or words of Muhammad (who couldn't read or write) |
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What is the Hadith and why is it important to Islam? What is the name of Islamic Law |
The hadith is a collection of sayings and traditions about what many Muslims believe Muhammad said and did as well as how he interpreted the revelation of the Qur'an After Qur'an, the Hadith is used as a major source of Sharia (Islamic Law). |
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How do followers of Islam view Abraham, Moses, and other Jewish prophets? |
Muslims accept Abraham, Moses, and other Jewish prophets as the earlier prophets who received revelation from God. |
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How do followers of Islam view Jesus of Nazareth? |
Muslims accept Jesus of Nazareth as another Jewish prophet of God but they do not accept the Christian beliefs of the Trinity or the Incarnation |
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To which city in Arabia did the early Muslim community migrate? |
Medina |
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What is the name of the shrine in Jerusalem associated with the story of Muhammad's "Night Journey"? Why is this place also important to Jews and Christians? |
Dome of the Rock The area around the Dome of the Rock is important to Jews and Christians because many archaeologists believe that this area is Mount Zion. |
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Give the names of two major divisions within Islam? What is the percentage, explain why groups are different |
Sunnis, currently 85% of Muslims (believe that Muhammad died without designating his replacement) Shias (Shi'ites) about 15% of Muslims (believe that the next leader should be whoever is next in the bloodline) |
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What are the mystics of Islam called? What are five of their practices? |
Sufism Repetition of "Allah" Songs Love poetry Head-jerking Whirling dances |
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Nation of Islam, sect of Islam for who? |
African Americans Elijah Muhammad Malcolm X - made the Hajj to Mecca and realized that the true teaching of Islam is to unite people of all races Louis Farrakhan (current leader) |
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What does "jihad" mean? Name two non-military forms. Concerning the military form name 5 limitations or conditions it must have. |
Striving, struggling, exertion in the cause of God for self-discipline Of the tongue, of the pen, of the pocket Must be against oppression, defense only, not for gaining wealth or territory, no attack on civilians, no terrorism or suicide allowed |
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What is the title of the founder of the Baha'i Faith? What does the title mean? When did he live? In which country was he born? How do Baha'is view him? |
His name is Baha'u'llah Glory of God 1817-1892 Tehran, Iran He's viewed as the latest prophet |
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How do Baha'is view the prophets and founders of the other wold religions? |
They believe in and accept all the prophets |
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What are the three main principles of the Baha'i Faith? |
Oneness of God Oneness of Religion Oneness of Humanity |
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In which city and country is the Universal House of Justice of the Baha'i Faith? Why is it there? |
Hypha, Israel Near where Baha'u'llah died |
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What is the symbol of the Baha'i Faith? What does it signify? |
9 point star unity |
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How often do Baha'is meet for community worship? |
Every 19 days |
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Explain the four aspects of the peace plan of the Baha'i Faith. |
Spiritual unification of planet Universal system of currency, weights, and measures Universal language taught in addition to native languages World federation of nations that will outlaw war, genocide and terrorism. Who will enforce laws against individuals. |
