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136 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Mysterious, indescribable force
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sacred
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system of belief that includes sacred stories, doctrines, rituals, ethics and a moral code that attempts to connect people with the sacred
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religion
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sacred writings of a religion that are considered authoritative
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scripture
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official list of sacred scriptures
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canon
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metaphor
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figure of speech or symbolic expression
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analogy
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direct comparison of the sacred with the unfamiliar
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method of interpretation we bring to scripture
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hermaneutics
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interpretation of specific passage
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exegesis
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established religious tradition
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orthodox
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people who follow an orthodox form of religion
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fundamentalists
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people who use their own spiritual experiences to interpret scripture
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mystics
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morals codes to determine right from wrong
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ethics
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statement or teaching about beliefs of a religion
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doctrine
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theological speculation about the problem of evil
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theodicy
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belief in a religious doctrine
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faith
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authoritative opinion based on scripture or teachings of a religious group
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dogma
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professions or statements of faith
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creed
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purpose of a creed
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to make sure people share the same beliefs
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study of wisdom and knowledge
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philosophy
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something gave the universe an initial push
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First Cause
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First Cause
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cosmological proof
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universe is so complicated it must have an intelligent creator
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teleological proof
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God must exist because God is perfect
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ontological proof
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assumes the existence of a just God because good actions will be rewarded
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moral arguement
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God exists outside the material world
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transcendent
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God is distant and uninvolved
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deism
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God is a personal loving diety
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theism
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some gods are more important than others
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henotheism
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religions that believe in one or more gods
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theistic religions
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deity is in everything and is everything
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immanence
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there is one unified sacred reality beyond many forms of gods; all are the same
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monism
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entire world is alive with spirits
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animism
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nothing exists apart from matter
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materialism
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belief that people are basically good and can save themselves
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humanism
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acceptance of factual information
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belief
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confidence that something is true without visible evidence
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faith
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ordinary, opposite of the sacred
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profane
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way in which people acti out their beliefs
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ritual
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intemediaries between the community and the sacred in primal religions
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shamans
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messenger of a deity; primary function is to speak the will of the deity
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prophet
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sacred stories, beliefs, and practices of their religion
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tradition
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set of codes or laws intended to guide behavior
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morality
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teachings about the end of the world
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eschatology
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study of religion from the inside
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theological approach
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examines religion as a human phenomenon; adopts a neutral perspective
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scientific study of religion
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examines religion from its beginning to its end or the present day
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historical approach
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seeks to document the unique beliefs and practices or each religion
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descriptive approach
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investigation of behavior that attempts to explain its meaning
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thick description
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examines signs in nature to divine the future
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augury
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objects to protect people from evil spirits
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fetishes
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sacred power that fills certain people, places or objects
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mana
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high god of the Inuits
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Sila
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Inuit goddess of life
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Sedna
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sacred pit when Hopi practice rituals
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kiva
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Hopi spirits of nature
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kachinas
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manipulation of spiritual powers or forces; common in African religions
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occultism
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high god of the Yuruba
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Olorun
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lesser spirits of the Yuruba
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orisha
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"eternal religion"
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Santana Dharma
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early civilization of India
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Harappan
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Sanskit word meaning "the noble ones"
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Aryan
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Aryan gods
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devas
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cosmic order (Aryan)
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rita
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Aryan deities
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Indra, Agni, Vishnu
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collection if Hindu scripture
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vedas
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process of transmission of the Vedas
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shruti
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holy men who heard the Vedas
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rishis
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Vedas are divided into four collections of these hymns
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samhitas
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the other three vedas
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Brahmanas, Aranyakas, Upanishads
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first and oldest book of the vedas; recited during sacrifices
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Rig-Veda
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cosmic person divided into elements
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Purusha
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second book of vedas; ritual instructions for priests
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Yajur-veda
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book of vedas containing mantras for sacrifices
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sama-veda
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collection of rituals for Brahmin priests
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Atharva-veda
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new writings added to Vedas; focus on sacrifices
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Brahmanas
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forest books
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Aranyakas
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texts about philosophy
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Upanishads/Vedanta
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soul and self are one; only brahmin exists
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Advaita
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ignorance
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avidya
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ignorance, illusion, false knowledge
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maya
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cycle of life, death, and rebirth
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samsara
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social classes or castes
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varna
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caste of the priests
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Brahmin
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caste of warriors and nobles
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Kshatriya
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caste of merchants and artisans
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Vaisya
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caste of peasants
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Sudra
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untouchables
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Dalit
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clans
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jati
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book discussing duties of each caste
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Law of Manu
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the four stages of life
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ashramas
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student stage
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Brahmacharin
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householder period
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Grihastha
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forest dweller stage
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Vanaprastha
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wandering beggar stage
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Sannyasin/samnyasin
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new religious literature (Hindu)
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smriti
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law codes
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Dharma shastras
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popular stories
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puranas
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way of action
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karma-marga
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way of devotion
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karma-bhakti
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way of knowledge
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jnana-marga
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pleasure
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kama
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wealth
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artha
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epics written to teach common people about religion
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Ramayana and Mahabharata
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deity who has taken a human form
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avatar
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eras of the earth
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yugas
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final yuga
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Kali yuga
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systems of philosophy
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darshana
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matter
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prakriti
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soul/self
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purusha
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goal of this system is to avoid rebirth; literal interpretation of vedas
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mimansa system
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system that holds that universe is composed of elements; no deities
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vaisheshika system
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atheist system, uses logic
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nyaya system
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end of the vedas
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vedanta system
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the father of modern India
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Ram Mohan Roy
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founded the Arya Samaj
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Swami Dayananda Sarasvati
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preached that a single reality is behind all religions
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Swami Ramakrishna
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first Hindu missionary to the West
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Swami Vivekananda
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noninjury of life
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ahimsa
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"grasping the truth"
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satyagraha
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royal yoga; stresses discipline of meditation
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raja yoga
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teaches that we have a life force at base of spine
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kundalini yoga
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teaches that ignorance is root of problems
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janana yoga
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spiritual discipline of selfless action; way of action
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karma yoga
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spiritual discipline of devotion
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bhakti yoga
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spiritual discipine of physical exercise
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hatha yoga
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goal is to harness energy of goddesses
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tantric shaktism
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rituals at certain points in life cycle
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samskaras
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death ritual
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shraddha
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food balls offered to the dead
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pinda
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hindu triad of gods; Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva
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trimuriti
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god of creation
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Brahma
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god of destruction
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Shiva
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god of preservation
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Vishnu
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food offered to deities
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prasad
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presence of a god
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darshan
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especially holy people; ascetics
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sadhus
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