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63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What were the years of the Indus Valley Civilization? |
Between 3300 BCE-1500 BCE. |
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Aryan (or Indo-European) society
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Migrated to India from Central Europe between 1750-1500 BCE. |
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What is the major theory about why Sanskrit is similar to European languages?
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The Indo-European society migrated to India from central Europe between 1750-1500 BCE.
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Sanskrit is similar to which languages? |
European
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Which two civilizations/societies formed Hinduism? |
Indus Valley civilization and the Aryan (or Indo-European) society |
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Veda |
"Wisdom" |
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When were the Vedas put into writing? And why? |
Around 800 CE. When the Muslims arrived. |
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What is the origin of the Vedas? |
Originally regarded as revealed scripture, passed down through oral tradition. Composed by God or co-eternal with God. |
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Rishi |
Ancient seer who "saw" by sound. |
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How would a Rishi describe a "vision" that they had? |
"Seeing" a mantra/incantation/recitation, etc. |
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Rig |
"praise" |
The Rigveda is the Veda of _____ |
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Name the 4 collections of Vedas |
Rig-veda, Athara-veda, Yajur-veda, and Sama-veda |
RAYS |
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Which Samhita is the oldest and most important of the Vedas? |
The Rig-veda |
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Samhitas |
The earliest hymns |
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What is Purusha? |
"Hymn to the Supreme Person" Origin story - creation hymn |
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Where does the understanding of the caste originate? |
In the Purusha, the story of the primeval man. |
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What is "The Creation Hymn" about? |
Total wonder Creatio ex nihilo "A time that is not time…" |
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When were the Upanishads composed? |
During the Axial Age (800-700 BCE) |
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What is the importance of the Upanishads? |
Introduced the ideas of karma, Atman, and Brahman |
Which important ideas were introduced?
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Why are the Vedas called shruti?
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Because the Vedic rishis "saw" the mantras. Hence, the Vedas are described as "that which was heard." |
passed on through oral tradition |
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What is Vedanta? |
The most important school of Hindu philosophy
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Name two of the six schools of Hindu "philosophy" |
Samkhya, Nyaya, Vaisheshika, Mimamsa, Yoga, and Vedanta |
SMYNVV |
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What does Vedanta refer to?
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Systems of thought based on a coherent interpretation of the Upanishads, Bhagavad Gita, and Brahma Sutras |
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Who was Shankara? |
An important early interpreter of Vedanta |
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When did Shankara live? |
c. 800 CE? |
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What is Advaita Vedanta? |
Radically non-dualistic school of philosophy: The only reality is Brahman, and Atman=Brahman |
"You are that" |
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What phrase points to apophatic theology within Hinduism?
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Neti neti |
"Not this, not this" |
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Is reality ultimately an illusion? |
Yes, it is maya |
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When was the Mahabharata composed? |
400 BCE-400 CE |
Span of 800 years |
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When was the Bhagavad Gita composed? |
200 BCE-200 CE |
Span of 400 years |
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How many incarnations of Vishnu? |
Ten |
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What does the final incarnation of Vishnu signal? |
End of the world |
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Who is the 7th incarnation of Vishnu? |
Rama |
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Who is the 9th incarnation of Vishnu? |
Krishna |
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What are two of the three paths to moksha (liberation)? |
Jnana - Insight/Knowledge Karma - Action Bhakti - Devotion |
KJB |
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How does Shiva reveal himself? |
Divine paradox |
Creation and destruction Exuberant dancer and austere yogi |
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Who is Shiva's divine consort? |
Parvati |
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How else does Parvati manifest? |
The Great Goddess Kali - Goddess of War Durga - Warrior As Shiva's shakti (or power) |
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What sect worships the Goddess? |
Shaktas |
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What does Shakti mean? |
Power |
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Who is Ganesha? |
The elephant-headed son of Shiva Remover of obstacles |
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Who is Brahma? |
Creator deity |
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What sect worships Shiva? |
Shaivas |
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What sect worships Vishnu? |
Vaishnavas |
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What is darshana? |
seeing or being seen by a god
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Is the goal reincarnation? |
No |
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Is reincarnation another form of heaven? |
No. It is samsara—the unending cycle of death and rebirth |
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What are the dharma-shastras? |
codification of caste-specific dharma/duty |
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What are The Laws of Manu? |
The most famous dharmashastra |
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When were The Laws of Manu composed? |
First century CE |
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What are the four castes? |
Brahmin, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas, and Shudras, |
BKVS |
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What is below the four castes? |
The dalits (untouchables) |
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Who are the Brahmin? |
Priests |
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Who are the Kshatriyas? |
Rulers, Warriors
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Ke$ha |
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Who are the Vaishyas? |
Merchants
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Who are the Shudras?
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Peasants |
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What is the Hindu term for caste? |
Varna |
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From which language does caste originate? |
Portuguese |
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What are Jatis? |
They are birth groups (family groupings) There are over 1000 in India |
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Who is allowed to teach the Vedas?
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Only the Brahmin |
Which caste(s)? |
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When does a deity inhabit an icon? |
Once the icon is complete and the deity is invited |
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Are icons/idols consecrated forever? |
No, only for a time. |
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How do Hindus dispose of idols once their consecration is done? |
They are destroyed by water or fire immersion |
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