World Religions

Front 1

Bhagavad Gita

Back 1

Knowledge of truth; part of the epic poem Mahabharta

Front 2

Mahabharata

Back 2

Epic poem in which Krishna preaches to Arjuna about the Path of Devotion

Front 3

Mahatma Ghandi

Back 3

Internationally- peacefully influenced the British removal from India.
Nationally- he called the Untouchables "God's People"

Front 4

First is Path of Desire

Back 4

Pleasure (Kama)
Worldly Success (Artha)

Front 5

Second is The Path of Renunciation

Back 5

Responsible duty (Dharma)

Front 6

Third is moksha

Back 6

Liberation/ Moksha/ release
Unlimited being, knowledge, joy/bliss

Front 7

Strictures to Joy

Back 7

Physical Pain, Psychological Pain, Ennui- boredome with life in general

Front 8

Strictures to knowledge

Back 8

ignorance, Sometimes details aren't as relevant as the whole picture

Front 9

Stricture to Being

Back 9

Identity with a longer reality
Spatially, in terms of time
Identity with humans as a whole
hindus believe in "one life" and that these individual human lives ae like smile "moments' in the large life

Front 10

Brahman

Back 10

Ultimate reality

Front 11

Atman

Back 11

inner hidden self

Front 12

the ultimate goal

Back 12

Salvation through liberation

Front 13

moksha

Back 13

liberation

Front 14

neti, neti

Back 14

not this, not that

Front 15

Upanishad

Back 15

ancient philosophical texts that form the basis of most hindu doctrines

Front 16

Monism

Back 16

All reality shares the same essence

Front 17

Yoga

Back 17

Hinduism's specific directions for actualizing the human potential
Comes from the English word "yoke"

Front 18

Jnana Yoga

Back 18

Reflexive; seeking knowledge; shortest but steepest path; Stages: learning that one's essential being is being itself, thinking that Atman must change from concept to reality, shifting self refer to ones self in the 3rd erson

Front 19

Bhakti

Back 19

Emotional, Seeking Brahmin through love

Front 20

The most common path; basic principles in Bhakti yoga are also importatn in Christianity; no alterior motive, love God for God's sake alone; 3 feature of the bhakti approach: japam, ring the changes on love (Love for parents, sibling, lover) worship the form of God in whatever form you want (ishta)

Back 20

Karma Yoga

Front 21

Active, the path to Brahmin through work

Back 21

2 modes: affective (Bhaktti approach), reflective (Jnana approach)

Front 22

Raja

Back 22

Experimentally, Psychophysical exercises.

Front 23

Steps for Raja Yoga

Back 23

1. overcome bodily cravings by abstaining from
- injury
- lying
- stealing
- sensuality
- greed
2. overcome mental inquietude by observing
- cleanliness
- contentment
- self-control
- studiousness
- contemplation of the divine
3. mastering the body through postures (lotus position)
4. mastering breathing
5. mastering the senses
6. concentration - focus the mind on one object
7. deepen to meditation - now focus on nothing
8. Samadhi = with god or absorbed in being itself

Front 24

4 layers to the human self

Back 24

bodies, minds, realm of individual self-consciousness, and Being itself or Atman

Front 25

4 stages of Hindu life

Back 25

Student, householder, retirement, sannyasin

Front 26

Student

Back 26

Prime responsiblity is to learn

Front 27

householder

Back 27

Prime responsibility is to prodce family
this is the time to satisfy the first three wants (pleasure, success, duty... or kama, artha, dharma)
this is the time to stify the first three wants (p

Front 28

Retirement

Back 28

not with age, but realization that thee is more to life than pleasure, success, and duty

Front 29

Sannyasin

Back 29

One who neither hates nor loves anything
Wanders everywhere, no fixed income
Is a non-entity/ not connected to anything
Has learned the art of keeping the finite self separate from infinite

Front 30

4 stations of life

Back 30

Brahmins- seers
Ksahtriyas- administrators
Vaishyas- producers
Shudras- servant

Front 31

Perversions of the caste system

Back 31

Outcasts, intermarriage/ inter-dining not allowed, subcastes emerged, privileges of upper-class are at expense of lower-class, it is hereditary (so how does that go along with reincarnation)

Front 32

Varna

Back 32

color (related to the caste system)

Front 33

Samsara

Back 33

reincarnation

Front 34

jiva

Back 34

soul

Front 35

karma

Back 35

using the path to God through work, or the Hindu principle of cause and effect. It teaches that each action reacts upon the doer, and our present state is entirely a consequence of past actions

Front 36

Ahimsa

Back 36

Hindu ideal of complete nonviolence

Front 37

Satyagrapha

Back 37

Ghandi's term for holding the truth

Front 38

Avatar

Back 38

reincarnation of a God

Front 39

Puja

Back 39

The act of worship

Front 40

Thich Nhat Hanh

Back 40

Created his own order becuase he believed the monastic life was too far removed

Front 41

Mandir

Back 41

temple

Front 42

Brahma

Back 42

Creator god

Front 43

Vishnu

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Preserver god

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Shiva

Back 44

destroyer god

Front 45

Buddha

Back 45

awakened/ enlightened one

Front 46

Siddhartha Gautama's early life

Back 46

born around 563 B.C. in what is now Nepal, born in the Sakyas clan thing, his father was a king, very luxurious upbringing, his father was told that he could rule the world if he stayed in it or if he forsook the world he would become a world redeemer. His father wanted him to stay in the world so he tried to make sure his son never saw suffering.

Front 47

The four passing sights

Back 47

 Old age
 Disease
 A corpse
 A monk

Front 48

The great going forth

Back 48

 Leaves wife and son
 Learns about Hinduism
 Joins a band of ascetics (Sujata saved his life)

Front 49

Middle way

Back 49

 It is good to be in the middle of the two extremes.

Front 50

Beings meditating under the bodhi tree and has 4 temptations

Back 50

 Kama  god of desire, temptation of 3 sexy women
 Mara  Lord of Death, temptation to fear
 Mara  challenged what he was doing (discontent)
 Mara  who would understand him? (reason)

Front 51

sangha

Back 51

the Buddha's band of monks

Front 52

Dharma (Buddhism)

Back 52

teaching

Front 53

3 jewels of Buddhism

Back 53

Sangha, Dharma, the Buddha

Front 54

Characteristics of the Buddha

Back 54

o He was really smart and people knew it – “veneration felt is contagious”
o He was one of the greatest rationalists
o He had respect because he was from a high caste, but he didn’t care.
o He had simplicity because he accepted that he was intelligent but refused to be seen as a god
o He had preternatural insight into character (could see through phoniness and accepted outcastes as monk)
o He was difficult to understand, so people gave Buddha the names Sakyamuni and Tathagata

Front 55

Buddhism vs. Hinduism

Back 55

Buhhism appeared over night
o Hinduism appeared over many centuries
o Buddhism is a reaction to Hinduism’s perversions

Front 56

6 aspects of religion

Back 56

Authority- had become hereditary
ritual- became means to obtain miraculous results
speculation- lost experimental base and became meaningless
tradition- dead weight, no one understood Sanskrit
Grace- Misunderstood to mean that humans have no responsibilities
Mystery- confused with mystification (obsession with miracles)

Front 57

Original Buddhism

Back 57

Empirical, scientific, pragmatic, therapeutic, psychological, egalitatian, directed to Individual

Front 58

Pali

Back 58

ancient language the vernacular of the time

Front 59

5 Skandas

Back 59

Body, sensations, thoughts, feelings, consciousness

Front 60

4 noble truths

Back 60

o Life is Dukkha (suffering)
o Dukkha is caused by Tanha (desire)
o The cure to Dukkha (life’s suffering) is through overcoming Tanha (desire)
o Overcoming Tanha is done through THE EIGHTFOLD PATH, SUCKAS.

Front 61

Eightfold Path

Back 61

o Preliminary step – right association
1. Right Views
2. Right Intent
3. Right Speech
4. Right Conduct
5. Right Livelihood
6. Right Effort
7. Right Mindfulness
8. Right Concentration

Front 62

- It is hard to know for sure what Buddhists believe because

Back 62

Partisan schools developed different interpretations, he was silent on crucial points, there is such a vast amount of matter in his first sermon,

Front 63

Nirvana

Back 63

 Life’s goal
 Literally “to blow out”
 To extinguish the boundaries of the finite self
 Nirvana is not a personal God, but he is a God-head (truth and a supreme reality)
 You cannot describe it

Front 64

Anatta (no soul)

Back 64

 There is no belief in “a spiritual substance that retains a separate identity forever”
 This is one main difference from Hinduism
 But Buddhism does believe in reincarnation and karma
 I’m reading this over and… it’s is too complicated, so sista won’t ask about it.

Front 65

Annica

Back 65

the transitoriness of everything finite (everything is constantly changing)

Front 66

3 Marks of Existence

Back 66

 Impermanence/transitoriness (annica)
 Suffering (dukkha)
 Absence of a soul/permanent identity (anatta)

Front 67

Arhat

Back 67

– the holy one that has extinguished all desires (and elightened one)
 Ideal type for Theravada Buddhism
 Is not born or reborn
 History of the finite self disappears, experience remains and is heightened beyond recognition.

Front 68

- The Split
o Hinayana/ Theravada/ Little Raft/ The Way of the Elders

Back 68

 Progress is up to the individual – work more at it, you will get more out of it.
 Progress comes from wisdom
 REALTION TO THE UNIVERSE AND OTHERS – I WAS SICK I HAVE NO NOTES
 Like fundamentalists, they are very committed to the original Buddhist texts
 To reach nirvana, you need to give up the world and become a monk
 The ideal person is an arhat who remains in nirvana after death
 Buddha is a supreme teacher; a saint
 Minimizes metaphysics
 Minimizes ritual
 Wanted to establish a Buddhism society.
 Sri Lanka, Burma, Cambodia, Tailand

Front 69

Mahayana/Big Raft

Back 69

 Enlightenment is sought through or with others by LOVE and compassion
 The world is connected
 Newer texts are just as important as the older ones
 The priests marry; everyone can reach enlightenment
 The ideal person is a bodhisattva, or one who essence is perfected wisdom. They have reached the brink of nirvana, but returns to world to help others reach it.
 Buddha is a savior; more than human.
 Elaborates metaphysics
 Emphasizes ritual
 They wanted to use physiological aspects of Buddhism, but not make it a social order
 China
 Japan
 Korea
 Tibet

Front 70

Vairyana

Back 70

 “the diamond Thunderbolt”
 A way of strength
 Not very much like the other two…

Front 71

mantras

Back 71

sound

Front 72

murras

Back 72

movement

Front 73

mandelas

Back 73

sight

Front 74

Zazen

Back 74

seated meditation

Front 75

koan

Back 75

a flash of insight in which the true nature of one’s being is known directly

Front 76

Sanzen (Rinzai)
Dokusan (Soto)

Back 76

Definition: a private consultation concerning the meditation between the monk and master.

Front 77

2 lineages for Zen

Back 77

o Soto – gradual awakening
o Rinzai – sudden enlightenment

Front 78

Body-based features of Vajrayana / Tibetan Buddhism:

Back 78

Tantric sexual practices
Mantras- sound
Mudras- movement
Mandalas- sight

Front 79

Dalai Lama / Avalokiteshvara / Goddess of Mercy Kwan Yin / Kannon / Chenrezig

Back 79

manifestation of compassion, the bodhisattva- incarnates himself, 14 successive incarnations

Front 80

Image of the crossing

Back 80

the types of Buddhism are closer then you think. They are just different ways of getting to the shore. The two shores represent human and divine.

Front 81

Buddhism’s Three Vows

Back 81

1) take refuge in the Buddha 2) refuge in the Dharma 3) refuge in the sangha

Front 82

The confluence of Buddhism and Hinduism in India

Back 82

Hinduism absorbed some of Buddhism