World Regional Geography Review Set

Front 1

Anthropogenic

Back 1

-human caused

Front 2

Centifugal forces

Back 2

-Cultural or political forces that weaken a state
-Linguistic minority, ethinc seprateism

Front 3

Centripital forces

Back 3

-Forces that promote political unity and the state dtructure
-shared sense of history
-military security

Front 4

Continentiality

Back 4

-inland climates, removed from the ocean, with cold winters and hot summers
-interior N.America, Russia

Front 5

Core-periphery model

Back 5

-Gunderfraun
-a "developed" core is separated from a "underground" periphery (boundary)
-little possibility of movement between core and periphery status

Front 6

Cultural Imperialism

Back 6

-The active promotion of one cultural system over another such as the implementation of a new language, school system, or bureaucracy.
-Historically this has been associated with European Colonialism.

Front 7

Cultural Nationalism

Back 7

-A process of protecting either formally with laws, of informally with social values, the primacy of a certain cultural system against influence from other cultures.

Front 8

Cultural Syncretism or Hybridization

Back 8

-The blending of two or more cultures, which produces a syncrastic subculture that exhibits traits from all cultures parents.

Front 9

Culture

Back 9

-A learned and shared behavior by a group of people empowering to a distinct way of life.

Front 10

Demographic Transition

Back 10

-Stages of demographic transition (4)
1) High birthrate, high death rates, population remains stable.
2) High birthrate, falling death rate, population grows.
3) Falling birthrate, falling death rate, population grows.
4) Low birthrate, low death rate, stable population.

Front 11

Environmental Determinism

Back 11

-Is the theory that the physical environment rather than social environment determines culture.

Front 12

First World/Third World

Back 12

-MDC/LDC
-North/South

Front 13

Globalization

Back 13

- Increasing economies interconnected of people and places throughout the world throughout converging processes of economics.
-political and cultural change.

Front 14

GNI/GNI Per Capita

Back 14

-Gross national income
-Value of all final goods and services produced within a country’s border plus the net income from abroad.
-Capita
-divide country’s GNI by total population

Front 15

Green Revolution

Back 15

-A term applied to the development of a agricultural technique used in developing countries that usually combine new, genetically altered seeds that provide higher yields that native seeds when combined with high inputs of chemical fertilizer, irrigation, and pesticides.

Front 16

Greenhouse Effect

Back 16

-The natural process of lower atmosphere heating that results from the trapping of incoming and reradiated solar energy by water moisture, clouds, and other atmospheric gases.

Front 17

Lingua Franca

Back 17

-An agreed upon common language to felicitate communication on specific topics such as international business, politics, sports or entertainment.

Front 18

MDC/LDC

Back 18

-More developed countries/Less developed countries

Front 19

Nation-state

Back 19

-Ideally a relatively homogeneous cultural group with its own fully independent political territory.

Front 20

North/South

Back 20

-Most of the colonized countries were in the south.

Front 21

Purchasing Power Parity (PPP)

Back 21

-a method of reducing the influence of inflated currency rates by adjusting local currency to a composite baseline of one U.S. dollar based upon its ability to purchase a standardized “market basket” of goods.

Front 22

Region

Back 22

-Socially constructed boundaries.
-Compress and synthesize vast amounts of info into spatial categories based on similar traits.

Front 23

Rostow’s Stages of Development

Back 23

-Stages of transition
1) Traditional society
-No trade, little barter, agriculture
2) Transitional stage (preconditions for take off)
-Specialization, some trade, entrepreneurs, external trade of primary goods.
3) Take off
-Switch from agriculture to manufacturing, some parts of the country grow, investment.
4) Drive to maturity
-Diverse economy, technology, investment, less import.
5) High mass consumption
-Economy geared towards mass consumption, industries (service and manufacturing) flourish.

Front 24

Subsistence Agriculture

Back 24

-Farming that only produces enough crops or animal products to support a farm family’s needs.
-little is sold at local markets.

Front 25

Supranational Organization

Back 25

- Governing bodies that include several states, such as trade organizations, and often involve a loss of some state powers to achieve the organizations goal.
-The EU

Front 26

Sustainable development

Back 26

-Raise income but do it so you can keep raising it for 50 years and more.

Front 27

Total Fertility Rate

Back 27

-Average number of children who will be borne by women. 2.0 is the magic number.

Front 28

Transnational Firm (TNC)

Back 28

-A chartered corporation that does business internationally through an array of global subsidiaries.

Front 29

Political Ecology

Back 29

- Is an interdisciplinary theory which seeks to describe the dynamic in ways which political and economic power can shape ecological futures and how ecologies can shape political and economic possibilities.

Front 30

Ethnographic Boundaries

Back 30

-folllow cultural traits such as language and religion

Front 31

Geometric Boundaries

Back 31

-perfectly straight lines drawn without regard for physical or cultural features.

Front 32

Ataturk

Back 32

-born 1881
-became leader of Turkey after WWI
-6 reforms of Turkey
-Republicanism
-Nationalism
-Populism
-Statism (state-owned and state-operated industrialism aimed at taking Turkey self-sufficient as a 20th century industrialized state)
-secularism
-revolution

Front 33

Centralized Economic Planning

Back 33

-an economic system in which the state sets production targets and controls the production.

Front 34

Columbian Exchange (Animals, Diseases Crops)

Back 34

-exchange of people, food, diseases between the new world(America), Africa, and England.
To England
-cocoa
-tobacco
-potatoes
To America
-small pox
-influenza
-typhus
-cattle
-horse
-rice
-wheat
-barley
-oats

Front 35

Import Substitution Industrialization

Back 35

-The theory that a country should attempt to reduce its foreign dependency through the local production of industrialized products.

Front 36

Neoliberalism

Back 36

-Economic and political strategies in which powerful states indirectly (and sometimes directly) extend their influence over weaker states.

Front 37

Neocolonialism

Back 37

-Economic and political strategies in which powerful states indirectly (and sometimes directly) extent their influence over weaker states.