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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Deforestation
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It emits Co2 into the atmosphere by cutting down and burning trees. The slash and burn is good for selling and raising beef in the area it was deforested.
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Anthropogenic
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Effects, processes or materials are those that are derived from human activities, as opposed to those occurring in biophysical environments without human influence
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Continentality
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Inland climates, removed from the ocean, with hot summers and cold winters such as those found in interior North America and Russia.
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Consequences of Global Warming
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Major shift in agricultural areas, melts glaciers, raises sea levels, and floods.
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Environmental Determinism
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The view that the physical environment, rather than social conditions, determines culture. Where you live determined how you live.
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Environmental Possibilism
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The view that the environment does not determine either human history or present conditions; rather humans pursue a course of action that they select
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Industrial Agriculture
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Practiced on 25% of farm. Low labor requiremets. *Fossil Fuels *Capital *Machinery *Fertilizer *Mono-Crop production *Educational
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Infrared Radiation
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is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength between 0.7 and 300 micrometres, which equates to a frequency range between approximately 1 and 430 THz.[1]
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Global Warming (Carbon Dioxide, CFC, CFCs, Methane)
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Increase in global temperatures as a result of the magnification of the natural greenhouse effect due to human-produced pollutants
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Global Water Supply
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97% of the world is salt-can't drink it
3% is fresh water *70% is frozen in the icecaps- can't drink *30% is ground water Less that 1% is in our rivers and streams |
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Greenhouse Effect
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The natural process of lower atmosphere heating that results from the trapping of incoming and reradiated solar energy by water moisture, clouds, and other atmospheric gasses
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Green Revolution
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Term applied to the development of ag techniques used in developing countries that usually combine new, genetically altered seeds that provide higher yields than native seeds when combined with high inputs of chemical fertilizer, irrigation and pesticides
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** Global Pressure Systems (figure 2.12)
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Predictable patterns of low and high pressure result from the unequal heating of the Earth's surface and positioning of the continents.
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Insolation
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Incoming solar radiation
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Maritime Climate
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Land close to the ocean.
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** Solar Radiation (figure 2.10)
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The visible and near-visible (ultraviolet and near-infrared) radiation emitted from the sun.
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Site
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the piece of land on which something is located
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Situation
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the general state of things or the combination of circumstances at a given time
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Traditional Agriculture
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Traditional agriculture, is an indigenous form of farming, result of the coevolution of local social and environmental systems and that exhibit a high level of ecological rationale expressed through the intensive use of local knowledge and natural resources, including the management of agrobiodiversity in he form of diversified agricultural systems.
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Subsistence Agriculture
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Self-sufficiency farming in which farmers grow only enough food to feed their families. The typical subsistence farm has a range of crops and animals needed by the family to eat during the year.
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Voyages of Discovery
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*Leif Erickson- 1000- Colonializer
*Ibn Batutta- 1304-1368- Traveler *Zheng He- 1405- 1433- explorer *Columbus- 1492- Missionary |
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Water Stress
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Water shortages in certain areas
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Agrarian Land Reform (collectivization, purchase, expropriation, colonization of new land)
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A popular but controversial strategy to redistribute land to peasant farmer. Used to reallocate resources to the poor to boost economy.
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** Caribbean Climate
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Most of region is classified as having either a tropical wet or tropical savanna climate. Highs in the 80s and lows in the70s.
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** Caribbean Physical Geography Features (Figure 5.5 – Greater Antilles, Lesser Antilles, Rimland States)
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*Greater Antilles- Cuba, Jamaica, Hispaniola, and Puerto Rico. Arable lands and large mountain ranges. Best farmland found on the central coast and valley's of Cuba. Large Populations.
* Lesser Antilles- Virgin Islands to Trinidad. Volcanoes, mountains, and volcanic plates. |
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Colonial Legacy in South America (demographic, political boundaries, land distribution, development)
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*Demographic- Blanco, Negro, Indio, and Mestizo
*Political Boundries- Treaty of Tordesilla of 1493 *Land Distrib.- Latifundia and Agrarian *Development |
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Columbian Exchange (Animals, Diseases Crops)
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An exchange of people, diseases, plants, ans animals between the Americas and Europe/Africa initiated by Columbus in 1492.
**Old to New- * bee * cat * camel * chicken * cow * goat * goose * horse * rabbit (domestic) * pig * rock pigeon * sheep * silkworm * water buffalo * almond * apple * apricot * artichoke * asparagus * banana * barley * beet * black pepper * cabbage * cantaloupe * carrot * coffee * citrus (orange, lemon, etc.) * cucumber * eggplant * flax * garlic * hemp * kiwifruit * kola nut * lettuce * mango * millet * oat * okra * olive * onion * opium * peach * pea * pear * pistachio * radish * rhubarb * rice * rye * soybean * sugarcane * taro * tea * turnip * wheat * walnut * watermelon * bubonic plague * chicken pox * cholera * influenza * leprosy * malaria * measles * scarlet fever * smallpox * typhoid * typhus * yellow fever * yaws ** New to old-- * alpaca * guinea pig * llama * turkey * amaranth (as grain) * avocado * common beans (pinto, lima, kidney, etc.) * black raspberry * bell pepper * blueberry * cashew * chia * chicle * chirimoya * chili peppers * cranberries * coca * cocoa * cotton (long staple species) * guava (common) * huckleberry * jicama * maize (corn) * manioc (cassava, tapioca, yuca) * papaya * peanut * pecan * pineapple * potato * pumpkin * quinoa * rubber * squash * strawberry (commercial varieties) * sunflower * sweet potato * tobacco * tomato * vanilla * zucchini * syphilis * hepatitis |
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Creolization (salsa, voodoo, Creole, Papiamento)
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The blending of African, Europeon, and even some Amerindian cultural elements into the unique sociocultural systems found in the Caribbean
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Diaspora
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The scattering of a particular group of people over a vast geographical area.
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Export Dependency
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Solely depending on money coming back to your country from exports.
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Free-Trade Zones
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A duty-free and tax-exempt industrial parks created to attract foreign corporations and create industrial jobs.
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Haiti
- Role in French Colonial project - Francois Duvalier - Jean-Claude Duvalier - Jean-Bertrand Aristide - Lavalas - Independence movement |
*France's most important Caribbean colonial possession was established in 1664, when the colony of Saint-Domingue (today's Haiti) was founded on the western half of the Spanish island of Hispaniola. In the 18th century, Saint-Domingue grew to be the richest sugar colony in the Caribbean. The eastern half of Hispaniola (today's Dominican Republic) also came under French rule for a short period, after being given to France by Spain in 1795. In 1805 French were pushed out.
* He opposed a military coup d'état in 1950, and was elected President in 1956 on a populist and black nationalist platform. His rule, based on a purged military, a rural militia and the use of a personality cult and voodoo, resulted in a brain drain from which the country has not recovered. *Succeeded his father, François "Papa Doc" Duvalier as the ruler of Haiti from his father's death in 1971 until his overthrow by a popular uprising in 1986. *Haitian politician and former Roman Catholic priest, who served as Haiti's first democratically elected president.[1][2] He was briefly President of Haiti in 1991, prior to a September 1991 military coup, and was President again from 1994 to 1996 and from 2001 to 2004. He was then ousted in a February 2004 rebellion in which former soldiers participated. Accusing the U.S. of orchestrating a coup against him,he was forced into exile and eventually settled in South Africa. *populist leftist political party in Haiti. Its leader is former Haitian President Jean-Bertrand Aristide. It has been a powerful force in Haitian politics since 1991. FL governments supported a policy of "growth with equity" based on Caribbean and Western European social democratic principles. FL governments have invested in education and health care and refused IMF austerity measures. |
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Import Substitution Industrialization
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A trade and economic policy based on the premise that a country should attempt to reduce its foreign dependency through the local production of industrialized products
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Language and former colonial powers in Latin America and the Greater Antilles States
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*Spanish 24 million, French 9 million, and a half a million dutch.
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Latifundia
** Latin American Climate ** Latin American Physical Geography Features (Mountains, Shields, Plateaus, River Basins) |
* A large estate or landholder. Developed to support export based economy. 10% of pop. controls 90% of land. 2% controls 50%. Who do distribute to?
*Tropical Climate |
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Mono-crop Production
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Is the agricultural practice of growing the same crop year after year on the same land, without crop rotation through other crops.
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Monroe Doctrine
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*No more colonization
*Colonization is bad *No more wars with Europe *Recognize existing colonies |
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Neocolonialism
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Economic and political strategies by which powerful states indirectly (sometimes directly) extend their influence of another/weaker country.
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Neoliberalism
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Economic policies widely adopted in the 90's that stress privatization, export production, and few restrictions on imports.
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Remittances
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Money sent by immigrants to their home country of origin to support family member left behind. (Foreign Exchange)
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Syncretic Religion
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The blending of different belief systems . In latin america many practices were folded into christian worship.
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Transnationalism
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A social movement grown out of the heightened interconnectivity between people and the loosening of boundaries between countries.
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Treaty of Terdesillas
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7 June 1494, divided the newly discovered lands outside Europe between Spain and Portugal along a meridian 370 leagues west of the Cape Verde islands (off the west coast of Africa).
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Urban Primacy
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A state in which a disproportionately large city. (Wall Street= Economic, Washington DC= Political, California= Cultural.
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Racial/Ethnic Categories in Latin America (Mestizo, Blanco, Negro, Indio)
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*Mestizo- Mix
*Blanco- White *Negro- Black * Indio- Indian/Asian |
