World Music Test 2

Front 1

Name 7 basic characteristics of Middle Eastern Music

Back 1

1. use of microtones
2. linear, melody-based music
3. lots of ornamentation
4. rhythms are elaborations on specific patterns
5. improv
6. many sections of non-pulsatile music
7. heterophony

Front 2

What is the common musical form of Egyptian pieces?

Back 2

Suites ex/ Waslah

Front 3

What is the Egyptian term for a scale/mode?

Back 3

Maqam

Front 4

Maqam

Back 4

the term for an Egyptian scale/mode

Front 5

explain microtones

Back 5

think of it in terms of cents:
a whole step (tone) = 200 cents
3/4 tone= 150 cents
1/2= 100 cents
1/4= 50 cents

Front 6

What is the Egyptian term for the meter/rhythm of a pice?

Back 6

iqa

Front 7

iqa

Back 7

the Egysptian name for meter/rhythm

Front 8

iqa sama'i taqil

Back 8

egyptian 10 beat rhythm broken up into 3+2+2+3

Front 9

what instruments are used in egyptian music?

Back 9

violin, 'ud, qanun, riqq

Front 10

qanun

Back 10

an Egyptian dulcimer-like instrument

Front 11

riqq

Back 11

an Egyptian drum

Front 12

The Call to Prayer

Back 12

Islamic
solo vocal, non-pulsatile, semi-improvisatory
not considered "music"

Front 13

Waslah

Back 13

the Egyptian recording, "girl with the slender waist"

identify by the violin

Front 14

Dastgah Mahur

Back 14

the Iranian recording
played on the tar

identify by only one instrument

Front 15

What is the iranian system of teaching improvisation?

Back 15

the radif

Front 16

radif

Back 16

Iranian system to teach improvisation

Front 17

dastgah

Back 17

the Iranian scale/mode descriptor

Front 18

what is the term for the iranian scale/mode?

Back 18

the dastgah

Front 19

there are _____ dastgahs with ______ notes

Back 19

12;12

Front 20

instead of learning actual scales, Iranians learn _______

Back 20

gusheh

Front 21

gusheh

Back 21

little pieces that are distinctive of scales

Front 22

what is the name of the first gusheh learned?

Back 22

Daramad

Front 23

gusheh are based around a _______

Back 23

tetrachord

Front 24

in Iranian music, music tends to get _____ and ______ as it progresses

Back 24

higher in pitch ; faster

Front 25

Name the instruments used in iranian music

Back 25

santur, kamancheh, tar, zarb

Front 26

santur

Back 26

an Iranian instrument--> hammered dulcimer

Front 27

tar

Back 27

an Iranian instrument--> figure 8 shaped lute

Front 28

zarb

Back 28

an Iranian drum

Front 29

tahrir

Back 29

emotional, expressive, sobbing, singing technique. no text, just on a neutral syllable

Front 30

Describe klezmer music

Back 30

the music of Yiddish-speaking, Jewish immigrants in the US (popular in the early 20th century) that blends traditional music of Eastern Europe with mainstream American musical styles

Front 31

name the instruments typcially used in klezmer music

Back 31

violin, string bass, clarinet, tuba, accordian, cimbalom, balalaika, drums (percussion), piano, voice

Front 32

Describe "Chernobyl"

Back 32

(the klezmer recording, by Brave Old World)
a strophic (refrain) system
essentially metered but w/ much flexibility
minor key
profound lyrics
use of the vocable "hu-tsa-tsa"

song slows down and becomes less metered for more grave text, the comedic parts are in a faster lilt

Front 33

vocable

Back 33

meaningless syllables sung
ex/ hu-tsa-tsa

Front 34

What was the name of the piece we transcribed, and what culture is it from?

Back 34

Dastgah Shur; Iran

Front 35

Features of Native American Music

Back 35

-diversity of style and customs
-accompanies most aspects of lfe (a song for everything)
-overwhelmingly vocal music (male)
-most common instruments= drums/rattles
-steady single or duple meter kept by drums
-short, sharp attacks
-repetition
-lots of vocables
-all monophonic

Front 36

Describe the Sioux "Grass Dance" war dance

Back 36

Plains style.
steady drum beat throughout, falsetto voices, tense vocal style, drums and singers not at same speed (polyrhythmic)

Front 37

Describe the Zuni Lullaby

Back 37

from New Mexico, uses only 2 notes, gentle vocals

Front 38

Describe the Yeibichai Song

Back 38

Navajo music: sung at the special Nightway cermony to dance to. thought to bring the blessings of the ancestor deities for healing the sick

Front 39

What are the two styles of Indian music?

Back 39

North--> Hindustani
South--> Karnatic

Front 40

Characteristics of Indian music (6)

Back 40

raga
tala
drone
linear, melody-based
improv
ornamentation

Front 41

raga

Back 41

Indian scale/mode (7 note scale)

Front 42

tala

Back 42

Indian meter

Front 43

drone

Back 43

in Indian music, played by the tambura, plays 1st and 5th notes of the scale

Front 44

the Indian solfege

Back 44

sa ri ga ma pa dha ni sa

Front 45

gat

Back 45

(Indian) the most common instrumental form in the North

Front 46

Alap

Back 46

the introductory section in North Indian music, introduces the raga

Front 47

qualities of an alap

Back 47

non-pulsatile
improvisatory
no drummer/tala
played by sitar and tambura

Front 48

What is the introduction to North Indian music called?

Back 48

the alap

Front 49

raga Yaman

Back 49

calming raga, performed in evening
most important scale degree= ga

Front 50

Chachar tala

Back 50

north indian rhythm; 14 beat rhythm, 3+4+3+4 (clap clap wave clap)

Front 51

teental tala

Back 51

north indian rhythm; 16 beat tala, 4+4+4+4
(clap clap wave clap)

Front 52

instruments used in Northern Indian music

Back 52

sitar, tambura, drums

Front 53

Describe the 3 types of sitar strings

Back 53

1. melody
2. drone
3. sympathetic

Front 54

Raga Khamaj

Back 54

North Indian raga; 2nd note omitted, when descening the 7th lowers, important notes= ni and ga (7th emphasized, sense of yearning)

Front 55

kriti

Back 55

the most important vocal/instrumental genre in South Indian music

Front 56

what are the instrument used in South Indian music?

Back 56

flute, violin, tambura, mridangam, veena

Front 57

Alapana

Back 57

the introduction to South Indian music

Front 58

describe an alapana

Back 58

improvised, non-pulsatile, arch shape

Front 59

tanam

Back 59

improvised, but with a feeling of pulse (south india)

Front 60

name the sections of the composed part of the kriti

Back 60

A. pallavi
B. anapallavi
A. return to pallavi
C. charanam
A. return to pallavi

Front 61

describe the composed section of south indian music.

Back 61

pallavi (flowering)-drummer and tala start
anapallavi has new text and music, higher in range
charanam has new text/music
-section called kalpana svara--> improvised vocables

return always back to pallavi

Front 62

describe the veena

Back 62

a string instrument with 4 melody strings, 3 drone, and no sympathetic

Front 63

What is the name of the raga used in our recording of South Indian music?

Back 63

the raga natai

Front 64

Describe the raga natai

Back 64

ascending: the 2nd and 6th scale steps are raised, but are not used often anyway.
descending: the 6th and 3rd degree are always left out and there is an oscillation on the 2nd degree

Front 65

kalpana svara

Back 65

a vocal section of the charanam part of karnatic indian music. only improvised syllables are sung, it is the only non-composed part of the kriti aside form the alapanam

Front 66

What is the name of the rhythm used in our recording of Sarisiruha?"

Back 66

the Adi tala. 8 beats (4+2+2)

Front 67

korvai

Back 67

in our kriti, a rhythm repeated 3x to end

Front 68

tani avertanam

Back 68

another improvised section of the kriti

Front 69

name all of the improvised sections of the kriti

Back 69

alapanam, tanam, kalpana svara, tani avertanam

Front 70

what is the name of the maqam used in Waslah?

Back 70

maqam huzam

Front 71

bashraf

Back 71

in Egyptian music, the instrumental form with a refrain (taslim) that recurs before and after a series of contrasting phrases (khana)

Front 72

what are the egyptian terms taslim and khana?

Back 72

taslim: a refrain
khana: series of contrasting phrases

Front 73

taqsim

Back 73

in egyptian music, the unmetered interlude that clearly establishes the maqam and mood of the proceeding piece