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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Soundscape.
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The characteristic sounds of a particular place, both human and non-human.
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Music-Culture.
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A group's total involvement with music: ideas, actions, institutions, material objects - everything that has to do with music.
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Work Song.
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A kind of music whose function ranges from coordinating complex tasks to making boring and repetetive work more interesting. A.K.A. Life into Art.
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Metrical Rhythm.
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A pattern of regular recurrence in the time-relation between sounds.
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Polyrhythm.
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The simultaneous occurence of several rhythms with a shifting downbeat.
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Polymeter.
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The simultaneous presence of two different metrical systems.
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Homophonic.
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One obvious melody with a less-important harmony below it.
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Heterophony.
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One melody played in different voices and ways at roughly the same time.
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Monophony.
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Gregorian Chant. One melody.
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Polyphony.
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Many distince melodies with equal-importance.
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Form.
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Patterns of organization in rhythm, melody, and harmony.
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Ethnocentrism.
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Making false assumptions about others' ways based on our own limited experience.
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Ewe (eh-way).
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Tribe of southeast Ghana. Musicians are said to be "destined."
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Agbekor (ah-gbeh-kaw). ::Clear Life::
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Style of music used in preparation for battle in Ghana's Ewe tribe.
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What are the chief musical instruments used in Africa?
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Rattles (made of a goard surrounded by beads), Bells (single and double for high and low pitches), and different drums.
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What is the instrumentation of the Agbekor ensemble?
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Double Bell, Gourd Rattle, and four Single-Headed Drums.
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Axatse.
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Dried gourd about the size of a canteloupe, covered with a net strung with seeds.
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Kaganu.
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Slender drum with a dry pitch and dry timbre which cuts through the mellow, midrange sound of the other drums and articulates offbeats.
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In descending order of relative pitch, what are the drums of the African percussion ensemble.
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Kaganu, Kidi, Kloboto, and Totodzi.
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Drum Language.
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Ewe drum phrases, like many instrumental music of African peoples, often have vernacular text, which usually only the drummers know.
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What is the advantage of drum language?
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It offers secrecy to restricted information and exercises the power of truth, authenticity, seriousness, and healing in speech.
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What do the texts of Agbekor songs reflect?
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Agbekor songs reflect the subject of war, celebrating the invincibility of Ewe warriors, urging courage and loyalty, or reflecting on death and expressing grief.
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What are some structural features of Agbekor songs?
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A song leader and a singing group share the text and melody in a call-and-response form.
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Why is the tonal system of African music different to that of Western music?
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The African tonal system has evolved entirely in response to the voice without being influenced by instruments.
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Adzo Songs.
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Rhythmically free songs with longer tesxts than slow- and fast-paced performances.
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What is the difference in the Agbekor form of music and many other types of African music?
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Agbekor is a group effort while other types of African music depend more on the viruosity and knowledge of individuals.
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Jalolu.
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Professional "sound artisans" of the Mande ethnic tradition.
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Griots.
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Often princes who perform at weddings, important events, etc.
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Music Education in Mali.
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Men play instruments (including kora, tamani, balo/balfon) and women sing/dance.
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BaAka (Bah-ka).
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The Forest People of the BaAka Tribe in the Central African Republic.
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Makala (Mah-kah-lah).
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The music of the BaAka.
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Babemou.
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Novice performers of Makala.
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Ginda.
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Expert performers (dance instructors) of Makala.
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Eboka.
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Performance or event of Makala.
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Maba (mah-bah).
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A type of music and dance associated with net hunting of Makala.
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Shona.
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Agricultural based tribe of Zimbabwe.
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The thumb piano.
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Also known as the kalimba (Kenya), likembe (Rhuando), and mbira (Zimbabwe). About 22 keys and bottle caps for a rattling, "broken" sound.
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What is thumb piano used for?
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Used to contact ancestors, bring rain during drought, stop rain during floods, and block the sun from the crops.
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What ceremonies are the thumb piano used for?
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Weddings, Independce Day, Death Ceremonies, Chief "inauguration," and the Guva ceremony.
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Guva Ceremony.
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Shona ceremony to welcome the spirit of a loved one back, a year after their death.
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