World Music Chapter 7

Front 1

beleganjur

Back 1

the walking style of Balinese gamelan music

Front 2

gamelan

Back 2

“ensemble” or “orchestra,” though the word literally means “to handle.” Used in reference to a diverse class of mainly percussion-dominated musical ensembles found on Bali, Java, and other Indonesian islands.

Front 3

Bahasa Indonesia

Back 3

the national language of Bali, a derivative of Malay

Front 4

Denpasar

Back 4

the capital of Bali which hosts the contest style of beleganjur music

Front 5

Unity in Diversity

Back 5

Indonesia’s national slogan (Bhinneka Tunggal Ika), instituted to provide a framework for the preservation, development, and nationalization of the country’s diverse cultures and cultural traditions. For example, beleganjur has received abundant support from the government as a musical symble of Balinese nationalism.

Front 6

Gunung Agung

Back 6

the holy mountain on Bali, where the gods reside

Front 7

Agama Tirta

Back 7

Religion of Holy Water; the unique form of Hinduism practiced on the island of Bali which combines elements of both Hinduism and Buddhism with indigenous Balinese spiritual beliefs

Front 8

wayang kulit

Back 8

shadow puppetry accompanied by gamelan music

Front 9

topeng

Back 9

Balinese dance-dramas

Front 10

Bali Aga

Back 10

the “original Balinese;” people that follow indigenous Balinese religious faiths, with many profound cultural differences from the Hinduism/Buddhism hybrid religion (Agama Tirta)

Front 11

central Javanese court gamelan

Back 11

gamelan kraton; the gamelan tradition on the island of Java

Front 12

gamelan gong kebyar

Back 12

one of the best-known Indonesian gamelan traditions; exhibits characteristics such as related instruments, cyclic musical forms, related tuning systems, etc. Similar to Central Javanese court gamelan.

Front 13

Triloka

Back 13

the three worlds of Hindu-Balinese cosmology (the Upper world, where the gods reside above Mount Agung; the Middle World, which is Bali; and the Lower World, which is the realm of evil spirits)

Front 14

gangsa

Back 14

melodic metallophone instruments which come in two different sets of tuning--male and female, where the female instrument is tuned slightly lower than its male counterpart

Front 15

ombak

Back 15

the acoustical beating effect or “wave” created by the male/female instrument pairs that is the essence of gamelan’s brilliant, shimmering sound

Front 16

gong cycle

Back 16

the recurring sequence of strokes on different gongs that serves as gamelan music’s foundation

Front 17

kilitan telu

Back 17

the pattern of interlocking rhythms used in gamelan music; representative of communal interdependence

Front 18

reyong

Back 18

four smaller, higher-pitched, hand-held gongs used to play rapid elaborations of the core melody

Front 19

kecak

Back 19

a Balinese dance-drama with music provided by a gamelan of voices; also called a “gamelan suara,” meaning “voice gamelan;” invented byWalter Spies for his film Der Isle der Damonen

Front 20

ngaben

Back 20

Balinese cremation rituals

Front 21

banjar

Back 21

usually translated as “village ward” or “hamlet;” “neighborhood organization;” a group of families responsible for the communal activities of its membership

Front 22

malpal

Back 22

a style of playing in beleganjur consisting of driving interlocking rhythms played at a crossroads during a cremation ritual

Front 23

memukur

Back 23

a post-cremation purification ritual celebrating the full liberation of the atman

Front 24

Baris dance

Back 24

the “warrior dance” mimicking how Balinese warriors would march to battle to beleganjur music

Front 25

Lomba beleganjur

Back 25

the modern beleganjur contest held in Denpasar; a symbol of Balinese nationalism

Front 26

Kreasi beleganjur

Back 26

“new creation beleganur” music; a neo-traditional beleganjur musical style arising from lomba beleganjur; is very complex and inventive, and is accompanied by flashy costumes and choreography

Front 27

Rebab

Back 27

two-stringed fiddle

Front 28

Suling

Back 28

bamboo flute

Front 29

Ceng Ceng

Back 29

small cymbals

Front 30

Kendang

Back 30

two-sided drum

Front 31

Gong

Back 31

lowest gong

Front 32

Kempuhl

Back 32

small gongs

Front 33

Bonang

Back 33

small kettles

Front 34

Kenong

Back 34

large kettles

Front 35

Ketuk

Back 35

timing kettle

Front 36

Selentem

Back 36

large and mellow sounding metalophones

Front 37

Sarons

Back 37

small (demung, barung, and peking) metalophones