World Music

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Caste System
(South Asia)

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a system of social organization based on hereditary status found in India.

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Hindustani
(South Asia)

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a term referring to the cultural traditions of North India.

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Carnatic
(South Asia)

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a term referring to the cultural traditions of South India.

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Filmi
(South Asia)

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popular music taken from films in India.

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Qawwali
(South Asia)

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sufi Muslim devotional songs.

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Mode
(South Asia)

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a set of rules or guidelines used to compose or improvise music in a particular tradition.

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Raga
(South Asia)

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a mode or system of rules and expectations for composition and improvisation in Indian classical music.

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Solfege
(South Asia)

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mnemonic syllables corresponding to individual pitches in a scale.

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Tambura
(South Asia)

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a round-bodied lute used to provide the "drone" element in Indian classical music.

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Sarod
(South Asia)

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a fretless plucked lute from India.

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Alap
(South Asia)

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opening period of exploration of a raga performance.

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Jhala
(South Asia)

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refers to a set of drone strings on Indian chordophones. Also, a reference to the climactic end of the alap section of raga performance in India.

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Tabla
(South Asia)

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a pair of drums found in Hindustani music from India.

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Tala
(South Asia)

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rythmic framework found in raga performance in India.

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Bols
(South Asia)

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mnemonic syllables corresponding to drum strokes in Indian drumming traditions.

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Gat
(South Asia)

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the skeletal melody used for improvisation in a raga performance of classical Indian instrumental music.

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Rasa
(South Asia)

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a mood or sentiment associated with artistic activity in India.

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Guru
(South Asia)

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a teacher or spiritual guide, primarily associated with Hindu traditions from India.

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Bhajan
(South Asia)

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devotional songs from India.

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Aradhana
(South Asia)

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a South Indian festival.

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Vina
(South Asia)

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a plucked lute from South India, often associated with the Hindu goddess Sarasvati.

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Nagasvaram
(South Asia)

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a double-reed aerophone from South India.

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Tavil
(South Asia)

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a pair of drums from South India, often used to accompany the nagasvaram.

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Bauls
(South Asia)

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a group of intinerant musicians from India, especially noted for their poetry.

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Gopiyantra
(South Asia)

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a single-stringed chordophone with a membrane base found in India and often associated with the Bauls.

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Ghunur
(South Asia)

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a string of bells worn around the ankle, comonly associated with the Bauls of South Asia.

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Bollywood
(South Asia)

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an informal name for India's film industry, combining "bombay" and "Hollywood."

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Maghrib
(Middle East)

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literally, "the time or place of the sunset." The Arabic name designating the region from present-day Libya west through Morocco.

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Mashriq
(Middle East)

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literally, "the time or place of sunrise-the east." The Arabic name designating the region from present-day Libya west through morocco.

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Arabic
(Middle East)

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a semitic languageoriginating with the Arab ethnic group, also the holy language of Islam, and a musical tradition whose history is intricately linked with the spread of the language.

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Ottoman Empire
(Middle East)

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a powerful Turkish dynasty that ruled over various parts of West Asia, Eastern Europe, and Northern Africa from the thirteenth through twentieth centuries.

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Shiah
(Middle East)

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the fundementalistbranch of Islam.

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Sunni
(Middle East)

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the mainstream branch of Islam.

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Sufi
(Middle East)

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the mystical branch of Islam.

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Adhan
(Middle East)

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the Islamic call to prayer

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Muhammed
(Middle East)

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Muslim prophet and Arab leader who during his lifetime (571-632 AD) spread the religion of Islam and unified a great deal of the Arabian peninsula.

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UD (Al'UD)
(Middle East)

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a fretless, plucked, pear-shaped lute found in Arabic music traditions as well as the orgin of certain lutes of Africa, Asia, and Europe.

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Maqam
(Middle East)

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Arabic mode or system of rules and expectations for composition and improvisation.

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Santur
(Middle East)

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a hammered zither from the Persian classical
tradition.

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Dastgah
(Middle East)

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Persian mode or system of rules and expectations for composition and improvisation.

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Radif
(Middle East)

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a collection of gusheh for each dastgah in Persian classical music.

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Kanun
(Middle East)

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a plucked zither used in Turkish and Arabic music
traditions, prominent in takht ensembles.

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Raqs Sharqi
(Middle East)

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the Arabic name for what is commonly referred to by outsiders as “belly dance.”

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Tarab
(Middle East)

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Arabic word for a state of emotional transformation or ecstasy achieved through music.

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Dhikr
(Middle East)

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a Sufi ritual in which believers chant the name of God with the goal of entering an ecstatic state.

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Jalal Al-Din
Muhhammed Rumi
(Middle East)

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Sufi saint of Islamic mysticism known for his poems and as the founder of the Mevlevi religious order.

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Klezmer
(Middle East)

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a European-derived dance music commonly associated with Jewish celebrations, influenced by Jazz and other non-Jewish styles.

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Torah
(Middle East)

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In Judaism the first five books (Pentateuch) of the Bible or more generally, all scared literature.

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Shofar
(Middle East)

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A ram’s horn trumpet frequently mentioned in Torah and used in Jewish ritual.