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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Direct Democracy
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form of government in which citizens rule directly and not through representatives,
- was an important legacy of Periclean Athens. |
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Classical Art
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Their values of harmony, order, balance, and proportion that the Greeks wanted to display in their art and architecture
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Aristole
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philosopher who questioned the nature of the world and of human belief, though, and knowledge.
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Tragedy
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was a serious drama about common themes such as love, hate, war, or betrayal.
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Which of Pericel's goals do you think had the greatest impact on the modern world?
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Strenghten Athens democracy
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Comedy
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contained scenes filled with slapstick situations and crude humor
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What steps did Pericels take to strengthen democracy in Athens?
How? |
He increased the number of public officials who were paid salaries.
This allowed more people (even poor) to be involved with the democracy --> another big step towards democracy |
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Peloponnesian war
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War between Athens and Sparta
- Athens had a stronger navy, Sparta had stronger army. - lasted several years - Many Athenians died and Athens lost a lot of property |
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What were the battle strategies of athens and sparta in the Peloponnesian wars
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Avoid Sparta on land and attack them by sea for Athena and Spartans wanted to attack directly
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Socrates
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- believed that absolute standards did exist for truth and justice. .
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plato
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- was a student of Socrates, another big philosopher in Greece
- wrote a lot about what the "ideal society would look like" |
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Pericles
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the leader of Athens into the Golden age and most of it (32 yrs)
- he was so influential that Golden Age sometimes called "Age of Pericles" |
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what were some characteristics of the Athenian Democracy
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- laws voted on and proposed directly by assembly of all citizen
- leader chosen by lot - juries veried in size - No attorneys;no appeals; ONE day trials -CItizens: males.18 yrs, born of citizens |
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What are the requirements to be an Athenian Citizen
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Male; at least 18 y/o- born of citizen parents.
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What was the executive branch composed of
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a council of 500 men " council 500"
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Who wins the Peloponnesian war
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The Spartans defeat the Athenians
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What were Pericles goals?
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1. to stregthen the Athenian democracy
2. to hold and strengthen the empire 3. to glorify Athens - wanted sculptures and great buildings to beautify Athens |
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What did the Athenians do to strengthen the empire?
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Pericles used money from the Delian league to strengthen the Athenian Navy; they were the strongest in the Mediterranean.
- navy was important help protect and hold the empire |
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what did perciles do to glorify athens
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He used money from the Delian league to beautify Athens
He bought gold, ivory, and alot of marble and gave it to the architects to make use of. |
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What was known as "Greece's Golden AGe"?
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- 50 yr period after the Persian Wars
- when Greece grew artistically and culturally -This was when Greece was at there peak in the empire - drama, philisophy, architecture, science., poetry, sculpture all grew |
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Where did the money that Pericles needed to carry out his 3 goals come from?
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from the members of the Delian League -
- used money to strengthen the navy - used the $ to beautify Athens |
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The Parthenon
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a 23000 sq ft masterpiece temple built to honor Athena - the goddess of wisdom
- many of it built by famous sculptor Phidias |
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2 types of Greek drama
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comedy and tragedy
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who was the most famous Greek writer who wrote some very famous plays?
names of plays? |
Sophocles
- wrote Oedipus and Medea |
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Why would philosophers start questioning traditional beliefs at this particular time in Athens’ history?
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Many Athenians lost confidence in democratic government after the Peloponnesian war as Athens was attacking and would not give up.
Their defeat and state of crisis caused them to lose their trust in their government. |
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As a result of the Athenian defeat during the Peloponnesian war several thinkers appeared. These philosophers were determined to seek the truth. Explain two basic assumptions elaborated by the philosophers.
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1) The universe (land, sky, and sea) is put together in an orderly way, and subject to absolute and unchanging laws.
2)People can understand these laws through logic and reason. |
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Who were the Sophists?
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A group of philosophers who questioned people’s unexamined beliefs and ideas about justice and other traditional values.
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Who was Socrates? How did he teach philosophy to his students?
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He was a critic of the Sophists
- believed that absolute standards did exist fro truth and justice. He taught philosophy by encouraging Greeks to go farther and question themselves and their moral character. |
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What happened to Socrates? Why?
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In 399 B.C. (70 years old) he was sent to trial for “corrupting the youth of Athens” and “neglecting the city’s gods”. He was sentenced to death.
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(T or F) Plato’s famous work, The Republic, described democracy as the best form of government.
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F - he believed in social classes with the wisest as the ruler
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Who was Aristotle? What did he invent? Where was this method later applied?
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He was a philosopher who questioned the nature of the world and of human belief.
He invented a method of arguing according to rules of logic. In the fields of psychology, physics, and biology. |
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3 imp Greek writers/philosophers (after the Peleponnesian Wars)
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1) Socrates
2) Plato - student of Socrates 3) aristotle - student of Plato (all searching for what the right values should be as they were questioning democracy b/c of the Pelop War) |
