World History Veritas Ch. 20 The Great War

Front 1

Bismarck's System

Back 1

German system of alliances created by Bismarck to prevent French attack and to maintain the balnance of power

Front 2

ultimatum

Back 2

a list of demands with threats

Front 3

mobilize

Back 3

Get troops ready for military action

Front 4

Schlieffen Plan

Back 4

Germany's plan for a two-front war with France in the east and Russia in the west

Front 5

stalemate

Back 5

A situation in which both sides are at a standstill

Front 6

unrestricted submarine warfare

Back 6

The sinking of ally enemy ships, whether armed or not

Front 7

reparations

Back 7

Payments for war damages

Front 8

war guilt clause

Back 8

Clause in the Treaty of Versailles that placed the blame for World War I of the Germans

Front 9

Anschluss

Back 9

Political unification between Austria and Germany that the Treaty of Versailles forbade but was later accomplished by Hitler

Front 10

mandates

Back 10

Territories technically under the control of the League of Nations but administered by various Allied countries

Front 11

Three Emperor's League

Back 11

first alliance Bismarck established by which Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Russia made vague promises of mutual aid in the event that war broke out with France or the Ottoman Empire

Front 12

Dual Alliance

Back 12

Alliance between Germany and Austria-Hungary; the foundation of pre-World War I German foreign policy

Front 13

Triple Alliance

Back 13

Anti-French coalition of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy

Front 14

Reinsurance Treaty

Back 14

Bismarck's alliance with Russia

Front 15

Triple Entente

Back 15

Pre-World War I agreement between Britain, France, and Russia

Front 16

June 28, 1914

Back 16

beginning of World War I

Front 17

Central Powers

Back 17

Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire during World War I

Front 18

U-boat

Back 18

Unterseeboot; German submarine

Front 19

Lusitania

Back 19

British ocean liner that was sunk by a German submarine in 1915

Front 20

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

Back 20

Treaty between Russia and Germany after the Russian Revolution; pulled Russia out of World War I

Front 21

November 11, 1918

Back 21

End of World War I

Front 22

Paris Peace Conference

Back 22

Conference that negotiated the peace settlement for World War I

Front 23

Fourteen Points

Back 23

Woodrow Wilson's peace plan after World War I

Front 24

Treaty of Versailles

Back 24

Treaty between Germany and the Allied Powers of World War I; included the war guilt clause whcih demanded that Germany pay reparations

Front 25

Treaty of St. Germaine

Back 25

Treaty between Austria and the Allied Powers of World War I

Front 26

Treaty of Sevres

Back 26

Treaty between the Ottoman Empire and the Allied Powers of World War I; dismantled the Ottoman Empire

Front 27

League of Nations

Back 27

Post-World War I international organization that sought to guarantee international cooperation and to achieve international peace and security

Front 28

Washington Naval Conference

Back 28

Conference that limited the numer of warships that each maritime nation could build; set a ratio to limit the number of large warships

Front 29

Alfred Nobel

Back 29

wealthy Swedish chemist who became famous for his promotion of international peace after inventing dynamite

Front 30

Andrew Carnegie

Back 30

an American steel manufacturer wo donated funds to build the Peace Palace at The Hague (the seat of government in the Netherlands

Front 31

Wilhelm II

Back 31

proud, arrogant Kaiser of Germany during WWI

Front 32

Francis Ferdinand

Back 32

heir to the Austrian throne whose assassination sparked the beginning of world War I

Front 33

Paul von Hindenburg

Back 33

German general who defeated the Russian armies in WWI

Front 34

Nicholas II

Back 34

last czar of Russia

Front 35

Woodrow Wilson

Back 35

U.S. president during WWI; created the Fourteen Points Peace Plan after WWI; person most responsible for the creation of the League of Nations

Front 36

John J. Pershing

Back 36

American general under whose leadership the American Expeditionary Force provided the necessary edge to defeat the Germans

Front 37

Ferdinand Foch

Back 37

French general and Allied commander who stopped the German advance in France

Front 38

Georges Clememceau

Back 38

French premier; leader of the French delegation at the Paris Peace Conference; once commented "even God was satisfied with Ten Commandments, but Wilson insists on fourteen."

Front 39

David Lloyd George

Back 39

British prime minister; leader of the British delegation at the Paris Peace Conference

Front 40

Charles Dawes

Back 40

American banker who formed a committee that decided to lend Germany money and allow her to spread the reparation payments over a longer period

Front 41

Causes of World War I

Back 41

Extreme nationalism, militarism, imperialism, and rival alliances

Front 42

Extreme nationalism

Back 42

During the late 1800s, Europeans developed a greater sense of superiority over other races and nations. This cause many people to desire war so they could prove their superiority over other nations.

Front 43

Militarism

Back 43

Many European nations increased their military might far beyond what was necessary for a strong national defense. When disputes broke out among nations, it became very easy for a government to resort immediately to the use of force.

Front 44

Imperialism

Back 44

Many European nations desired colonies of their own. The competition among countries for colonies was another cause of antagonism. As competitions increased, so did jealousy, hatred, and suspicion.

Front 45

Rival alliances

Back 45

Fear and distrust led nations to make agreements (often in secret) promising to come to one another's aid in the event of a foreign attack. This alliance system helped to drage most of Europe into war.