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78 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What was an important political impact of Hammurabi's Code?
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It established a set of laws throughout the empire.
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What were advantages of the Fertile Crescent as a place to live ?
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Advantages were: water for farming, fertile soil, access to the Persian Gulf.
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What were examples of Mesopotamian science and
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Examples of science and technology in Mesopotamia were: geometry, creation of arches, columns and ramps. and a number system.
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What social class had the The largest population inMesopotamia?
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The largest population class was: farmers.
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Describe Mesopotamian religious beliefs
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Mesopotamians were polytheistic
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What is the name of the land that Jewish people considered their “Promised Land”?
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The promised land was known by three names: israel, Canaan, and Palestine
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Why do people form religions?
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Over the years, people have formed religions to: answer unexplainable questions, to give meaning to their lives, and to form a bond with their communities.
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Why were the Hebrews were different from Mesopotamians ?
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Hebrews were different because they were monotheistic.
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In the Hebrew tradition, what is a covenant ?
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A covenant is: mutual agreement between God and man.
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The most important Hebrew documents would be the first five books of their Bible called what?
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The Jewish holy book is the Torah.
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Why were many people were attracted to Christianity?
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People were attracted to Christianity because it: taught forgiveness, taught equality for all and it stressed the Golden Rule.
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Describe Jesus's teachings.
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Jesus's teachings contained many ideas from Jewish tradition. He wanted everyone to treat others the way they would want to be treated. But, leaders within the Jewish religion became afraid that Jesus’ teachings would corrupt the heart of the Jewish law and lead their people to corruption.
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What was the main source of information about the life of Jesus of Nazareth
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The main source of the life of Jesus is the Gospels in the Christian Bible.
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What is a shared belief of Jews and Christians?
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A common belief of Judaism and Christianity would be that there is one God who is the creator of all.
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The statement of Christian belief adopted by church leaders became known as what?
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TThe main Christian statement is the Nicene (Apostles) Creed
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What do Muslims consider Mohammed to be?
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Muhammad is considered the last and greatest prophet.
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What are the Five Pillars of Islam ?
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The Five Pillars are the major duties required by all Muslims.
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What was the main difference between the Sunni and the Shia (Shiite) branches of Islam?
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The main difference was:the Shia believed that the caliph needed to be a relative of Muhammed.
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Describe the trade accomplishments of the Muslim Empire.
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Muslims invented the sakk, or check system. China and India were linked by trade for the first time. Traders spoke Arabic throughout the empire.
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What were considered cultural achievements of the Islamic Empire?
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The Islamic empire: set up the House of Wisdom as a library, made advancements in the field of algebra and developed an accurate calendar
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Define: Sumer
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The first Mesopotamian city-state
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Define dynasty
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A series of rulers from the same family.
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Define Sharia
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Islamic law
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Define: alms
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Charity
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Define cultural diffusion
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Transfer and blending of ideas from one location to another
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Define rabbi
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Jewish priest
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Define Messiah
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Belief that Jesus is God's son
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Define theocracy
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A government where leaders have both political and religious power
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Define Quran
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Islamic holy book
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Define cuneiform
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The first system of writing that developed in Mesopotamia
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Define: polytheism
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worship of more than one god
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Define Torah
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Jewish holy book
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Define mosque
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Islamic place of worship
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Define: Hammurabi
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The Babylonian ruler whose lawcode unified the empire.
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Define: Mesopotamia
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The first civilization that developed between theTigris and Euphrates rivers
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List the FIVE characteristics of civilization
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The characteristics of civilization are: advanced cities, advanced technology, specialized workers, complex institutions, and record keeping
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What are the four factions on the political spectrum?
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The four factions are: radicals, reactionnaries, conservatives and liberals.
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Describe the characteristics of a radical?
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A radical wants complete change towards the future, right away and is O.K. with using violence.
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Describe the characteristics of a liberal.
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A liberal wants some change toward the future - but is O.K. with taking it slowly and use only peaceful methods.
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Describe the characteristics of a conservative
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A conservative wants little / no change and wants to preserve the best of what exists today. They want to move slowly towards change and do not want to use violence.
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Describe the characteristics of a reactionnary.
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A reactionnary wants complete change right away. They look to the past and are O.K. with using violence.
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Which political factions do not like a lot of change?
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Liberals and Conservatives
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Which political factions are O.K. with using violence?
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Radicals and Reactionnaries.
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Which political factions would like to see new ideas and changes introduced?
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Liberals and Radicals.
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Which factions agree that if change were to take place at all, it should move slowly?
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Conservatives and Reactionnaries.
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A person who blows up a building to remove all technology and futuristic improvements would be from which political faction?
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Reactionnary
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Describe the major belief of Judaism: the first covenant.
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Judaism believes in the idea of the first covenant, which is a mutual agreement between God and the Hebrew people, which states that the Hebrews will worship only one God and Yahweh will protect them.
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Describe the major belief of Judaism: the second covenant.
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The second covenant was given to Moses from Yahweh and was a mutual agreement that God would protect the Hebrews if they followed the Ten Commandments.
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Describe the major belief of Judaism: Ten Commandments
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A set of religious and social laws that sets out specific behaviors of how Hebrews are supposed to respect God and each other.
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Describe the major belief of Judaism: Chosen People
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A belief that the Jewish culture has been Chosen by Yahweh and tried to create a separate culture from other civilizations at the time.
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Describe the major belief of Judaism: Judgement Day
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The Jewish belief that at the end of time, a Messiah will come and judge people's soul to send them either to Heaven or Hell.
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Describe the major belief of Christianity: Messiah
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The Christian belief that Jesus was the son of God .
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Describe the major belief of Christianity: Trinity
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The belief that God exists in three parts: as a father, a son and a holy spirit
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Describe the major belief of Christianity: Judgement day
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The Christian belief that Jesus will come to judge peoples souls - sending some to heaven and some to hell.
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Describe the major belief of Christianity: monotheism
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The belief that Christians believe in only one god
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Describe the major belief of Islam: Prayer
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The belief that Muslims should pray five times a day facing Mecca.
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Describe the major belief of Islam: Faith
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The idea that Muslims should believe in only one God - Allah and Muhammed as his prophet
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Describe the major belief of Islam: Fasting
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The idea that Muslims should fast during the holy month of Ramadan
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Describe the major belief of Islam: Alms
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The idea that Muslims should give charity to those in need.
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Describe the major belief of Islam: Hajj
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The idea that Muslims should take a pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in thier lifetime, if they are able.
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Llist the five characteristics of civilization.
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A civilization is a culture with: advanced cities, advanced technology, complex institutions, record keeping, and specialized workers
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What is a specialized worker?
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A specialized worker is someone who becomes an expert in only one field, like a Dr. or an engineer.
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What is advanced technology?
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Advanced technology is any type of new tools and techniques used to improve people's lives
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What is record keeping?
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Record keeping as any method a culture uses to keep track of history, or trade records.
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What is an advanced city?
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An advanced city is any place that has a large population and is a center of trade.
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What is a complex institution?
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A complex institution is any long-lasing pattern of organization in a community.
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Define: artisan
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An artisan is a skilled worker who makes goods by hand.
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Where is the Fertile Crescent?
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The moon shaped area located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers - home of the first civilization - Mesopotamia.
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Define: migration
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Migration means to move from one place to another.
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Describe the major belief of Christianity: Golden Rule
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The belief that you should treat others the way that you want to be treated.
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What was the Apostles Creed?
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The prayer that Christians have that outlines their basic belief.
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What is another name for the Apostles Creed?
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The Nicene Creed.
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Who are the Shia (Shiite) Muslims?
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Muslims who favor a strict interpretation of the Quran.
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Who are the Sunni Muslims?
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The Sunni are a group of Muslims who believe in a liberal interpretation of the Quran.
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What was Babylon?
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The Mesoptamian empire ruled by Hammurabi.
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Who was the founder of Islam?
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The founder of Islam was Muhammed.
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Who was the founder of Christianity?
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The founder of Christianity was Jesus.
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Who was the founder of Judaism?
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The founder of Judaism was Abraham.
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