World History Unit 2

Front 1

Satrap

Back 1

A governor of a Provence of the Persian empire.

Front 2

Royal Road

Back 2

A road in the Persian empire, stretches over 1,600 miles from Persia to Anatolia.

Like the Silk Road

Front 3

Hittites

Back 3

An Indo-European people who settled in Anatolia around 2000 BCE excelled their war tech with chariots and iron weapons

Front 4

Indo-European

Back 4

A group of Seminomadic people who, about 1700 BCE began to migrate from what is now Russia, India, Europe, and South West Asia

Front 5

Aryans

Back 5

An Indo-European people who began to migrate to the Indian sub-continent

Front 6

Castes

Back 6

One of 4 social classes of the Aryans who settled in India. Priests-Brahman Peasants/tailors-Vaisnyas

Front 7

Karma

Back 7

In Hinduism and Buddhism, the totality of the good and bad deeds preformed by a person which is believed to determine ones fate.

Front 8

Jainism

Back 8

A religion founded in India in the 6th century BCE whose members believed that everything in the universe has a soul and should not be harmed.

Front 9

Military State

Back 9

State that bases its economic model on the sustainment of its armed forces, usually only in times of long conflict. Ex: Sparta

Front 10

Polis

AKA: City-State

Back 10

Independant city that operates much like an independant country

Ex:Athens, Sparta

Front 11

Aristocracy

Back 11

A form of government where power is in the hands of the hereditary ruling class or nobility.

Front 12

Oligarchy

Back 12

A form government where the power is in the hands of a few people, usually the wealthy but sometimes based on abilities.

Front 13

Direct Democracy

Back 13

A form of government where citizens rule directly rather than through elected representatives.

Front 14

Representative Democracy

Back 14

A form of government founded on the pricniple of elected representatives representing the people.

Front 15

Republic

Back 15

Type of Representative Democracy that has a contently limited government that is adopted by the people and divided between corporate branches

Front 16

Mycenaean culture

Back 16

Indo-Europeans who settled on the Greek mainland

Front 17

Hellenistic culture

Back 17

Greek culture blended with the nearby cultures of the Egyptians, Persians, and Indians, in part due to Alexander The Great's millitary and government policies

Front 18

Partisan

Back 18

A member of the wealthy, privileged upper class in ancient Rome.

Front 19

Plebian

Back 19

One of the common farmers, artisains, and merchants (everyone but the wealthy) in ancient Rome.

Front 20

Consul

Back 20

In the Roman Republic, one of the 2 powerful officials elected each year to command the army and government.

Front 21

Senate

Back 21

In ancient Rome the supreme governing body originally made up of only aristocrats.

Front 22

Patriarchal

Back 22

Relating to a social system in which the father is the head of the family

Front 23

Matrirchal

Back 23

Relating to a social system in which the mother is the head of the family

Front 24

Push-Pull Factors

Back 24

Conditions that draw people to another location 'pull factors'. or cause people to leave their homelands and migrate to another region 'push factors'

Front 25

Assimilation

Back 25

The adoption of a conquerors culture by a conquered people

Front 26

Multiculturalism

Back 26

Co-existence of divine cultures.

Front 27

Sunni

Back 27

Branch of Islam who's members acknowledge the first 4 caliphs as rightful successors of Muhammad.

Front 28

Shi'a

Back 28

Branch of Islam who's members acknowledged Ali and descendants were rightful successors of Muhammad

Front 29

Caliph

Back 29

Supreme political/religious leader in a Muslim government.

Front 30

Aryan Invasion

Back 30

Invaded India, Created Castes System

Front 31

Hinduism

Back 31

Polytheistic, one of the oldest surviving religions. Hindus today are allowed to worship any deity, or even to choose none at all. Also allowed to follow 3 different paths to Moksha.

Front 32

Brahman

Back 32

Most divine spirit in Hinduism, different forms.

"The Creator"

Front 33

Vishnu

Back 33

"The Protector" Many different forms/personalities: Krishna, the divine cowherder/and as Rama, the perfect king

Front 34

Shiva

Back 34

"The Destroyer"

Front 35

Brahmins

Back 35

Priests

Front 36

Untouchables

Back 36

Those who were considered the most impure because of the work they do(butcher, trashmen), were called Untouchables since even their touch endangered the ritual purity of others.

Front 37

Kshatriyas

Back 37

Rulers and Warriors

Front 38

Vaishyas

Back 38

Peasants and Traders

Front 39

Dharma

Back 39

Buddhist Doctrine or Teachings

Front 40

Jews

Back 40

A group of people part of the Judaism religion. Somewhat hated throughout history. Monotheistic, holy place is a Synagogue, Rabbi conducts services.

Front 41

Covenent

Back 41

Mutual promise or agreement-especially an agreement between God and the Hebrew people as recorded in the Bible.

Front 42

Iran

Back 42

A country in the middle east, part of the old Persian empire.

Ancient Iran boasted a wealth of minerals

An Islamic state today

Front 43

Abraham

Back 43

A man who God chose to be "Fauther" of the Hebrew people

Front 44

Assyria

Back 44

Began around 850 B.C.

Highly advanced military orginisation with state-of-the-art weaponry

Israel and Judah paid tribute to Assyria

Front 45

Persians

Back 45

Overthrew the Assyrian empire around 612 b.c

King Cyrus was Persian who was a military genius.

Persian soldiers were prevented from burning or looting when in war.

Front 46

Solomon

Back 46

Around 962 B.C Solomon succeeded his father.

He was the most powerful of all the Hebrew kings.

Ordered the beautifying of Jerusalem

Front 47

King Assurbanipal

Back 47

Created a giant library of more than 20,00 clay tablets from throughout the Fertile Crescent.

Collection included Sumerian poem the Epic of Gilgamesh

Front 48

King Cyrus

Back 48

King and military genius of the Persian empire.

Front 49

Jerusalem

Back 49

A city in ancient times in Phoenicia.

Was eventually captured by Babylonians

Front 50

Chaldeans

Back 50

They along with Medes and others burned and leveled Nineveh, which was Assyria's capital at the time.

Front 51

Moses

Back 51

The man who supposedly led the Hebrews out of slavery.

God supposedly gave him the 10 commandments.

God also gave him the covenant.

Front 52

Babylon

Back 52

Home to great hanging gardens.

Had walls so thick that one could ride a chariot around on top.

Front 53

Zoroaster

Back 53

A Persian prophet whol lived around 600 B.C

Taught that earth is a battleground where struggle is fought between good and bad spirits. And every person is expected to take part in the struggle.

Taught monotheism

Front 54

Monotheist

Back 54

Belief in only one god or deity

Front 55

Nebuchadnezzar

Back 55

A Chaldean king.

Restored the city of Babylon with restoration including the hanging gardens.

Front 56

King Darius

Back 56

A successor to Cambyses.

He was a noble of the ruling dynasty and had begun his career as a bodyguard for the king.

Around 522 b.c a group of Elite Persian solider's helped him seize the thrown.

Spent first years of rule putting don revolts, then the next few years establishing a well-organised and efficient administration

Front 57

Epics vs Myths

Back 57

Epic:Long narrative poem celebrating the deeds of legendary or traditional heroes

Myth:Traditional story about gods, ancestors, heroes, told to explain the natural world or the customs and beliefs of society

Front 58

Arete

Back 58

Sharp mountain ridge

Front 59

Pelopennisian wars

Back 59

War between the two city-states of Sparta and Athens, Sparta wins because of superior army. Ended 413 b.c

Front 60

Socratic method

Back 60

Question-and-answer style of teaching

Front 61

Pericles

Back 61

Wise and able statesman who led Athens for most of its golden age. 3 goals-1.Strengthen Athens democracy 2.Hold/strengthen empire 3.Glorify Athens

Front 62

Monarchy

Back 62

A single person called a king rules a monarchy

Front 63

Philosopher

Back 63

Means lovers of wisdom.

EX:Socrates, Plato, Aristotle

Front 64

Phalanx

Back 64

Military formation where soldiers stood side by side with a shield in one hand a spear in the other one.

Front 65

Oligarchy

Back 65

Form of gov run by a few people

Front 66

Socrates, Plato, Aristotle

Back 66

Philosophers, Socrates taught Plato, Plato taught Aristotle.

Socrates 470-399 b.c

Plato 427-347 b.c

Aristotle 384-322 b.c

Front 67

Alexander the Great

Back 67

Son of king Phillip II, after murder of father proclaimed himself king of Macedonian, over 13 year time span earned the title of Alexander the Great.

Defeated Persia, conquered India ETC.

Front 68

Tyrants

Back 68

In ancient Greece , a powerful individual who gained control of a city-state's gov by appealing to the poor for support

Front 69

Syllogism

Back 69

Deductive reasoning as distinct from induction

Front 70

Hellenism

Back 70

Hellenism: Study or Imitation of Greek culture,

Hellenistic: Mix of Egyptian, Persian, Indian, and Greek culture.

Front 71

Arsitocracy

Back 71

Form of gov where power rests with the hereditary rulers or noblility

Front 72

Minoans

Back 72

Seafaring trading people that lived on the island of Crete from about 2000 to 1400 B.C

Front 73

Persian Wars and Battles

Back 73

Wars between Greece:Began on island of Anatolia

War with Athens:10,000 Athenians in Phalanxes

Front 74

Democracy

Back 74

Rule by the people, 2 kinds

1.Direct democracy

2. Representative democracy

Front 75

Mycenaeans

Back 75

An Indo-European person who settled on the Greek mainland around 2000 B.C

Front 76

Homer

Back 76

Said to be the greatest story teller, was blind, wrote many epics between 750-700 B.C

EX: The Odyssey

Front 77

Athens

Back 77

A Greek city-state, had a superior Navy, fought against Sparta.

Front 78

Xerxes

Back 78

Darius's successor and son, assembled a huge invasion force to crush Athens. 1/3 of his fleat sank during that time

Front 79

Tragedy vs. Comedy

Back 79

Tragedy:Serious form of drama dealing with down-fall of a herioc or noble charactor

Comedy:Humrous form of drama that often includes slapstick and satire

Front 80

Sparta

Back 80

A Greek city-state, Supirior military, fought against Athens and won.

Front 81

Euclid

Back 81

Highly regarded mathmatician who taught in Alexandria. Best known book Elements contained 465 carefully presented geometric propositions and proofs

Front 82

Gravitas

Back 82

Values of Dicipline, Strength, and Loyalty

Front 83

Augustus

Back 83

Means Exalted one

Octavian called himself this

Front 84

Legion

Back 84

military unit of the Roman army, made up of about 5,000 foot soliders and a group on horseback

Front 85

Antony

Back 85

he, octavion, and lepidus banned together to crush the assassins.

Later became rives with octavian

Front 86

Inflation

Back 86

Increasing of prices and decrease of monetary value

Front 87

Senate

Back 87

a governing, advisory, or disciplinary body

Front 88

Julian Emperors

Back 88

After ceases death 4 emperors came to power that would rivel ceaser

Front 89

Christianity

Back 89

Monotheistic religion.

LArgest religion in world

Symbol: Cross

Founded by Jesus Christ

6 b c

Front 90

Dictator

Back 90

Leader given absolute power to make alws and command army for a limited time

Front 91

Diocletian

Back 91

Became emperor in 284 sd

Strong-willed army leader, ruled with iron fist, and restored order to empire and increased its strength

Front 92

Jesus

Back 92

Founder of Christianity\

born around 6 or 4 BC in town of Bethlehem

Raised in Nazareth and taught about his god

Died by crucifixion

Christianity prophet

Front 93

Particain Vs Plebian

Back 93

Patrician wealthy privilaged upper class

Plebeian common farmer trader merchants who make up the population

Front 94

Justinian

Back 94

succeded his uncle for the throne in 527

Front 95

Messiah

Back 95

The god for christianity, jeudyism, and muslim

Front 96

Spartacus

Back 96

Leader who led the spartans into battle vs athens

Front 97

Edict of Milan

Back 97

letter signed by the Roman emperors Constantine and Licinius, that proclaimed religious toleration in the Roman Empire

Front 98

Pope

Back 98

Head of Chrsitian church

Front 99

Trimutive

Back 99

Group of 3 leaders sharing control of gov

Front 100

Greeks, Latins, Etruscans

Front 101

Greco-Roman culture

Back 101

Belnding of greek hellenistic and roman cultures

Front 102

Punic wars

Back 102

War between greece and carthage

264-146

Front 103

Denarius

Back 103

an ancient Roman silver coin

Front 104

Nero

Back 104

succeded emporer claudius in 54 and ruled till 68

Front 105

Coliseum

Back 105

a large theater or stadium

Front 106

Pax Romana

Back 106

Roman peace

Front 107

Julius Ceasar

Back 107

originaly a millitary ruler,

rose to power in 59 when he was elected to consul for a timutive.

appointed himself ruler of gaul
killed pompey

Front 108

Constantine

Back 108

312 ad fought 3 men for leadership of rome, emded pursicution of christians

Front 109

Aqueduct

Back 109

water transporter usually seen on tall collums

Front 110

Twelve Tables

Back 110

the Twelve Tables was the modern legislation that was the foundation for Roman law.

Front 111

Marcus Aralias

Back 111

Marcus Aurelius was Roman Emperor from 161 to 180. He ruled with Lucius Verus as co-emperor from 161 until Verus' death in 169. He was the last of the Five Good Emperors

Front 112

Romulus Agustus

Back 112

emperor of rome for a year form 475 to 476

Front 113

Absolute

Back 113

absolute monarchy where ruler has absolute rule

Front 114

Theodora

Back 114

most powerful empress on byzantine empire

rose up from deep poverty and married justinian

Front 115

Sunna

Back 115

Islamic model for living based on life teaching sof muhammed

Front 116

Iconoclast

Back 116

war against religious icons, person who destorys religious icons

Front 117

Excommunicate

Back 117

taking away a persons right of membership in a christian church

Front 118

Heritic

Back 118

a person holding an opinion that is different to what is commonly accepted

Front 119

Icon

Back 119

rleigious symbol

Front 120

1Patriarch

Back 120

princaple bishop in eastern branch of christianity

Front 121

Hegira

Back 121

muhammad's departure from Mecca to Medina in AD 622

Front 122

Jihad

Back 122

a struggle against unbelievers

Front 123

Alchemest

Back 123

LITERAL DEFINITION: a medieval chemical science and speculative philosophy aiming to achieve the transmutation of the base metals into gold, the discovery of a universal cure for disease, and the discovery of a means of indefinitely prolonging life

Front 124

Astrolabe

Back 124

LITERAL DEFINITON: an instrument formerly used to make astronomical measurements, typically of the altitudes of celestial bodies, and in navigation for calculating latitude, before the development of the sextant

Front 125

Sultan

Back 125

"one with power", tittle for ottoman emperors during rise of ottomon empire

Front 126

Constantanople

Back 126

Created by constantine, byzantine capital

Front 127

Hagia Sophia

Back 127

Means holy wisdom in greek

Front 128

Eastern Orthodox

Back 128

A sect of christianity,

Services are conducted in greek orlocal languages

Priests may marry

Emperor claims rule over church and other bishops

Partiarch heads church as a group

Front 129

Arabia

Back 129

A country in the middle east

home of mecca

Front 130

Roman Catholic church

Back 130

A sect of christianity

Services conducted in latin

Pope has athority over all other bishops

pope claims athoraty over emoper and kings

Priests cant marry

Divorce not permitted

Front 131

Mecca

Back 131

caravans stopped here, brought religious pilgrims who worshiped at ancient shrines called Ka'aba

Front 132

Bedouin

Back 132

arab nomads

Front 133

Kaaba

Back 133

a cube-shaped building in Mecca

Front 134

Muhammad

Back 134

the prophet of the muslim religion

Front 135

Allah

Back 135

the word for god in the muslim religion

Front 136

Khadija

Back 136

the wife of the prophet muhammed

Front 137

Medina

Back 137

LITERAL DEF:the old Arab or non-European quarter of a North African town

Front 138

Muslims

Back 138

followers of islam

Front 139

Islam

Back 139

monotheistic religion

Followers called muslims

prophet is muhhamed

book is ku'rahn

Front 140

Ku'rahn

Back 140

the holy book of the islam religion

Front 141

Ramadan

Back 141

the ninth month of the Muslim year, when people fast from sunrise to sunset

Front 142

sunna

Back 142

islamic model for living based on life teachings of muhammed

Front 143

Fatmid

Back 143

member pf a muslim dynasty that teaced ancestory back to muhammed s daughter

Front 144

House of wisdom

Back 144

center of learning established in bahgdad in early 800's

Front 145

Sufi

Back 145

muslims who seek to get direct contact to god

Front 146

Abbasids

Back 146

dynasty that ruled much of the muslim empire from 750 to 1258

Front 147

Umayyads

Back 147

dynasty that ruled muslimempire from 661-750

Front 148

Slavs

Back 148

converted by the byzantine missionarys

Front 149

Cyril

Back 149

Lordly, Masterful

Front 150

Runs

Back 150

?????????

Front 151

Vladamire

Back 151

came to throne around 980. sent ourt people to observe the times religions converted to christianity

Front 152

Turks

Back 152

in 11th centry the turks took over the muslim world and fought their way slowly into byzantine territiory

Front 153

RELIGIONS

Back 153

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