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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are four reasons agriculture might be bad?
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Height reduction
one- two crop diet spread of disease malnutrition class division |
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reasons that led to agricultural revolution
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population growth
ice age animals dying |
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foods grown/ gathered
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oats, lentils, lima beans, corn, quinua, rice, rye, millet, barley, pinto beans, soy beans, wheat
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civilization
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complex society
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economy
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way in which people use environment to meet their needs
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artisans
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workers skilled in a craft
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cultural diffusion
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exchange of goods and ideas when cultures come in contact
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name 5 important characteristics of a civilization
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government/ classes, religion, trade system, medicine, homes/ buildings, constant food/ water, population, weapons/ military, language, permanent housing
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monarchy
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unrestricted rule from a king
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dynasty
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line of rulers from one family
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bureaucracy
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a group of government officials headed by a prime minister
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theocracy
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same person is both political and religious leader
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pharaoh
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"great house of the king"
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empire
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many territories
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polytheism
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worship of many deities
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hieroglyphics
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earliest writing system of the Egyptians
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city-state
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a city itself and the area around it
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cuneiform
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Sumerian writing system
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lack of ____ makes Indus Valley civilizations hard to study
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writing system that we understand
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why did the Indus River Civilizations decline
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climate change, river course alteration
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mandate of heaven
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the mesage giving authority to a ruler to rule
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what are two other names for the huang he river
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yellow river and "the great sorrow"
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orcacle bones
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bones inscribed with questions for the gods... preists would heat the bones so that they would crack, then they would interpret the cracks for the message
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divination
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effort to interpret certain phenomena in the natural world as signs of gods' will and intentions
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name two mesopatanian acts of divination
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following incense smoke, patterns of oil when thrown on water, inspection of the organs of sacrificed animals
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bronze is ____ and ____
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copper and tin
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describe the region where millet was grown
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northern china
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describe the region where wheat, barley, rye were grown
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fertile crecsent, nile river, Indus river
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describe the region where rice was grown
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southern china
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describe the region where corn, beans, and squash were grown
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mexico
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describe the region where tomatoes, lima beans, and potatoes were grown
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western south america
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lithic
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stone
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hominid
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member of the group that includes human beings and earlier human-like beings
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Paleolithic
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old stone age
Hunter gatherers |
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neolithic
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new stone age
agricultural revolution |
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Fertile Crescent
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Tigris and Euphrates rivers, stretches from Mediteranian Sea to Persian Gulf
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Nile River
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floods gave fertile land and water to Egypt
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Hammarabi's Code
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first law code of 282 acts; "eye for an eye, tooth for a tooth" concept
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monsoon
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seasonal winds; drastically can alter south asia's climate
crated a pattern of life; wet/dry in the Indus Valley |
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homo-sapiens
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person who thinks
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australopithecus
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"southern ape"
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homo-erectus
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person who walks upright
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homo- hablis
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person with ability
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where/ when Egypt
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Nile River- Old, Middle, and New
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where/ when Mesopatania
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Tigris/ Euphrates Valley (Iraq)
from 3000 BC |
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where/ when Harrapans/ Indus Valley Civilization
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Indus Valley (Pakistan)
2500-1500 BC |
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where/ when China
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Yellow River Valley
from 2500 Shang 1700-1000 BC |
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science/ technology Egypt
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Math and Geometry
Architecture: pyramids 365 day calender Medical Knowledge: mummification |
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science/ technology Mesopatania
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wheel, potters wheel
base 60 numbers 12 month calender sundial astronomy |
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science/ technology Harrapans/ Indus Valley Civilization
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brick construction
urban planning |
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science/ technology China
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bronze
silk & textiles |
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religion Egypt
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Polytheistic- cults for Gods: Osiris, Amon Ra
emphasis on after life |
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religion Mesopatania
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Polytheistic- An, Enlil, Marduk
more pessimistic & fearful than in Egypt |
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religion Harrapans/ Indus Vally Civilization
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Polytheistic- variety of forms of worshipping
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religion China
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Polytheistic -emphasis on ancestor reverence
Communicated with Gods through oracle bones |
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writing Egypt
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Hieroglyphics- pictograms
on Papyrus |
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writing Mesopatania
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Earliest writing- cuneiform
pressed into clay tablets |
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writing Harrapans/ Indus Vally Civilization
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yes- but we cannot decipher it
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writing China
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pictograms
on oracle bones |
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government/ politics Egypt
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unified empire under god/ king- "pharoah"
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government/ politics Mesopatania
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independent city-states
later kings like Sargon, Hammarabi- unified large areas |
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government/ politics Harrapans/ Indus Vally Civilization
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complex political organization, we dont know specifics
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government/ politics China
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Kings had bronze to show power
said gods gave them a mandate to rule |
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Fertile Crescent
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first place with domestic crops
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specialization of labor
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jobs, people do different things
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