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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Why is the age of reason significant to World History
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It made people feel as if they could change the world
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Who did the Age of reason inspire?
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Philosophers such as John Locke and Thomas Hobbes
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What do we mean by the phrase "Enlightenment Ideas"?
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Ideas that surfaced during the Enlightenment that inspired people to think a certain way
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Hobbes vs. Locke (Differences)
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Hobbes thought people to be greedy and evil by nature, and believed they should be governed by an absolute ruler and an ordered society; Locke thought people to be basically reasonable and thought governments should have limited power
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Baron de Montesquieu
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An early and influential thinker who studied governments of ancient and medieval Europe, and sharply criticized absolute government
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Voltaire
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Wrote biting wit about corrupt officials and wrote about how he detested slavery and inequality
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Diderot
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Wrote 28-volume set of books called the Encyclopedia
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Rousseau
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Felt the natural innocence of people was corrupted by the evils of society
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Women Philosophers during the Enlightenment
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Germaine de Staele in France; Catherine Macauley and Mary Wollstonecraft from Britain
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In what other areas of life could Enlightenment ideas be seen?
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Economics; Laissez Faire replaced Mercantilisim; Free market economies became more common
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Divisions in French Society before the French Revolution
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Three Estates: Clergy, Nobility, and the rest of France
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Four phases of the French Revolution
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look up
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Main causes of the French Revolution
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Financial troubles; crop failures; failure of Economic reform; Royalty pursuing pleasure before responsiblity to France
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What was the Tennis court Oath? Why was it made? Compared to what?
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Taken by National Assembly for fear that the King would dismiss them; They would not move until a fair and just constitution was written; The National Assembly members took this oath on a nearby tennis court
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Why storm the bastille?
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Represented the beginning of the French Revolution and years of abuse by the Monarchy
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What were some of the changes that the revolutionaries made in French society?
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Got rid of Feudalism; Abolished titles of Nobility; Declaration of RIghts of man was created
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Why was Marie Antionette dislike by the general public?
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Because she led a ridicuslously lavish lifestyle
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What challenges did the Revolutionaries face?
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They had to pay off debt to the Bourgeousie and deal with threats from surrounding countries and the Catholic Church
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Why did the National Assembly declare war on so many countries?
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They wanted to end Absolute rule in Europe
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Who made up the National Assembly and why?
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The Bourgeousie; To monitor the Monarchy
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Why was the committee of Public Safety created? Who led it? What were the results?
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Created to ensure the safety of the French people; Led by Maximilien Robespierre; Began the Reign of Terror
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Why was someone so powerful allowed to take control of France?
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Because the French liked him and were sick of the Chaos caused by the Revolution
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What was the Napoleonic Code and why was it well recieved?
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Set of laws Napoleon created and it embodied many Enlightenment princiiples
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Why was Britain able to resist Napoleon's attacks?
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Because the battles were fought at sea, and the French had hardly any navy, which the British relied on
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What was the results of the Continental system policy?
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The British continued to trade unaffected with America and India
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What were the challenges Napoleon faced?
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Nationalism sparked revolts in empire; Spanish troops ambushed supply trains from France
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What was Napoleon's greatest and most difficult challenge? Why too difficult and result?
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Conquering Russia; Russian winter killed off most of the soldiers; Napoleon was exiled
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What happened at Waterloo? Where was Napoleon sent?
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Napoleon's forces were crushed and he was sent to St. Helena in exile for the second time
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What was Napoleon's legacy?
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His laws would change Europe; Idea of Revolutions spread across Europe; And sparked nationalist feelings across Europe; Absolutism came to an end
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