World History Terms

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Abraham

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Founder of the hebrews who migrated from Ur during the late second milennium

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Akkadians

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A near eastern people who concured the Sumerians about 2300-2200 B.C.; this development resulted in the cultural assimilation of the Sumerians and the Akkadians.

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Akhenaton

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Also known as Amenhotep IV, this Egyption pharaoh (ca. 1360 B.C) advanced monotheism when he argued that there was one god, Aton.

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Archaic Period

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A phase of Egyption history that started wit the earliest indications of egyption society at about 5000 B.C. and concluded when Menes (or Narmer) unified Upper and Lower Egypt about 3200 B.C. This term is also applied to a period of Greek life fro 800 to 500 B.C. during which the polis (city-state) emerged and dominated Greek life.

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Edict of Milan

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A decree by the Roman Emperor Constantine that proclaimed Christianity as the Empire's official religion.

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First Intermediate Period

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A phase of Eyption history that occured when the Old Kingdom collapsed as a result of reaction against centralized authority (2180 B.C.); the Egyption nobility reasserted its authority.

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Gilgamesh

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An epic Sumerian poem that provides historians with a valuable primary source on Sumerian culture and values.

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Hellenic Age

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The culture of the Greek city-states to the ascendency of Alexander the Great.

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Hellenistic Age

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A culture that resulted from the dissemination of the Greek values and attitudes throughtout the Eastern Mediteranean; it resulted from the establishment of Alexander's Empire.

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Middle Kingdom

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A phase in Egyptian history (2040-1785 B.C.) that is concidered as a cultural watershed in ancient history.

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Nebuchadnezar

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Babylonian leader who ordered teh destruction of Solomon's Temple in 587 B.C. and enslaved the Jews in Babylon.

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New Kingdom

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A phase of Egyptian history 1560-1085 B.C. that was characterized by Egyptian aggression into Palestine and Syria and into Nubia in the south.

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Old Kingdom

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A phase of Egyptian history 2685-2180 B.C. during which pharaos were considered gods and the Egyptian capital was moved to Memphis.

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Pas Romana

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The "Roman Peace" that was the imposed by Roman authority between the establishment of the Empire by Octavian in 27 B.C. and the death of Marcus Aureilius in A.D. 180.

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Peloponnesian War

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The Greek Civil War 431-404 with Athens and Sparta as the principal protagonists.

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Persian War

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Consisted of a series of conflicts betwen the Persians and Greek city-stats 490-480 B.C.

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Polis

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Greek city-state; a structure and form of society that dominated Greek life.

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Punic Wars

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A series of three wars between the Carthage and Rome that resluted in the stablishment of Roman dominance of the central Mediterranean by 146 B.C.

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Second Intermediate Period

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A phase of Egyptian history during which the Middle Kingdom was destroyed byt the invasion of the Hyskos 1785-1560

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Zoroastrianism

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A Persian religion that coneived of the universe as a dualism, a struggle betwen the gods of good and evil.