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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Johannes Kepler
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Used Tycho Brahe to prove the accuracy of Copernicus's ideas about the motion of planets
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Isaac Newton
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Brought together theories from Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo with the theory of motion called the law of universal gravitation
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Robert Boyle
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Considered founder of modern chemistry; known for the discovery of a law that helps explain characteristics of gases
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Francis Bacon
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Politician/writer; criticized techniques of ancient and medieval scholars; argued for the adoption of new scientific techniques like the experimental method
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Nicolaus Copernicus
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Studied planetary movements; thought that the stars and planets revolved around the sun - known as the heliocentric theory; didn't publish his findings until 1543 - the year he died
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Rene Descartes
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Developed analytical geometry; urged scientists to rely on mathematics and logic to reach fundamental truths about the natural world
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Galileo Galilei
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Discovered law of the pendulum and the fact that falling objects accelerate at a fixed and predictable rates; lived on house arrest because his ideas went against the church authorities' interpretation of the bible
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Mary Wollstonecraft
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In 'A Vindication of the Right of Women,' she argued for the education of women and thought that women should have the same rights as men
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John Locke
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Thought people are reasonable beings, supported self government, and argued that the purpose of the government was to protect the natural rights of people; if the government failed to protect them, the citizen had the right to overthrow it
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Montesquieu
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Philosopher devoted to the study of political liberty; in his book 'On the Spirit of the Laws,' he said that separation of powers would keep people from gaining total control of the government
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Jean Jacques Rousseau
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Argued that civilization corrupts peoples' natural goodness
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Voltaire
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Use of satire got him in trouble with the clergy, aristocracy, and government frequently; despite serving 2 prison terms and being exiled, he never stopped fighting for tolerance, reason, freedom of religion, and freedom of speech
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Cesare Bonesana Beccaria
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Influenced criminal law reformers; argued against the use of torture and other common abuses of justice
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Thomas Hobbes
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Believed human were naturally selfish and wicked; argued that strong governments were necessary to control human behavior; people entered into a social contract - giving up their rights in exchange for law and order
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Joseph II
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Abolished serfdom; ruled Austria as an enlightened despot
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Franz Joseph, Wolfgang Amandeus Mozart, Ludwig van Beethoven
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Composed classical music
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Catherine the Great
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Ruled Russia as an enlightened despot; brutally crushed a massive uprising of serfs and gave nobility absolute power over the serfs
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Frederick the Great
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Ruled Prussia as an enlightened despot
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Denis Diderot
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Edited and published the Encyclopedia
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Samuel Richardson and Henry Fielding
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Developed many of the features in a modern novel
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Marie - Therese Geoffrin
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Ran the most influential of Paris salons during the Enlightenment
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