World History Mid Term

Front 1

characteristics of a civilization

Back 1

1) surplus of food
2) division of labor
3) large cities

Front 2

division of labor

Back 2

surplus of food allowed people to have other jobs besides farming; different people perform different jobs

Front 3

irrigation

Back 3

system of ditches and canals that transports water from a source into an agricultural field

Front 4

agricultural revolution

Back 4

recognized human life; shift from food gathering to food processing

Front 5

st. benedict

Back 5

developed monasticism [living in the monastery]

Front 6

charlemagne

Back 6

pepin the short's son; conquers all of western europe except spain & britain; ruled from 768-814

Front 7

feudalism

Back 7

system of loyalty between lord and vassal; vassal owes king military service and loyalty; king owes the lord land and protection

Front 8

feifs

Back 8

land that binds lord to king

Front 9

black death

Back 9

spread by rat fleas on black rats; killed 1/3 of europe's population between 1349 and 1350

Front 10

william the conquerer

Back 10

was promised land by edward the confessor; fought the bloody battle at the field of hastings with herald of wessects in 1066; wins the battle - rules england

Front 11

magna carta

Back 11

"great charter of freedoms"; considered a 'bill of rights' for england; signed in 1215

Front 12

charles martel

Back 12

pepin's bastard son; killed half brothers; succeeds pepin; ruled from 714-741; organized army to stop moors

Front 13

hieroglyphics

Back 13

form of ancient writing developed by nile river valley people about 3000 b.c.e.

Front 14

minoans

Back 14

earliest greek civilization that developed on the island of crete by 2000 b.c.

Front 15

myceaneans

Back 15

civilization on the greek mainland who conquered the minoans in about 1400 b.c.

Front 16

homer

Back 16

blind writer who wrote the epics the illiad and the odyssey

Front 17

golden age

Back 17

era of cultural progress in the 400s b.c.

Front 18

socrates

Back 18

athenian; one of the most important thinkers of the new era, taught education was key to personal growth

Front 19

plato

Back 19

a wealthy young aristocrat and the greatest of socrates' students; wrote down socrates' ideas

Front 20

aristotle

Back 20

plato's student at the academy; founded his own school in athens in 335 b.c.; was good at defining & classifying; collected, described, & classified plants and animals

Front 21

minoans

Back 21

earliest greek civilization that developed on the island of crete by 2000 b.c.

Front 22

hellenistic culture

Back 22

"greek like" way of life with ideas and values drawn from the mediterranean and asia

Front 23

myceaneans

Back 23

civilization on the greek mainland who conquered the minoans in about 1400 b.c.

Front 24

alexander the great

Back 24

philip II of macedon's son; educated from aristotle; completely destroyed persia by 331 b.c.; wanted the world to be under one empire; died in june of 323 b.c.

Front 25

homer

Back 25

blind writer who wrote the epics the illiad and the odyssey

Front 26

patricians & plebians

Back 26

patrician: powerful landowners who controlled the government; inherit power from nobles
plebian: mainly farmers & workers; couldn't know laws; banned from most public offices

Front 27

golden age

Back 27

era of cultural progress in the 400s b.c.

Front 28

socrates

Back 28

athenian; one of the most important thinkers of the new era, taught education was key to personal growth

Front 29

plato

Back 29

a wealthy young aristocrat and the greatest of socrates' students; wrote down socrates' ideas

Front 30

aristotle

Back 30

plato's student at the academy; founded his own school in athens in 335 b.c.; was good at defining & classifying; collected, described, & classified plants and animals

Front 31

hellenistic culture

Back 31

"greek like" way of life with ideas and values drawn from the mediterranean and asia

Front 32

alexander the great

Back 32

philip II of macedon's son; educated from aristotle; completely destroyed persia by 331 b.c.; wanted the world to be under one empire; died in june of 323 b.c.

Front 33

patricians & plebians

Back 33

patrician: powerful landowners who controlled the government; inherit power from nobles
plebian: mainly farmers & workers; couldn't know laws; banned from most public offices

Front 34

justinian

Back 34

emporer who ruled byzantine empire from AD 527 to AD 565

Front 35

iconoclastic controversy

Back 35

debate between opponents & defenders of icons

Front 36

5 pillars of faith

Back 36

1. belief in God & Muhammad
2. charity
3. 5 daily prayers to mecca
4. fasting
5. visit mecca once in your life

Front 37

muhammad

Back 37

founder of islamic faith; saw the angel gabrielle; buried right where he died

Front 38

koran

Back 38

the holy book; [qu'ran]

Front 39

inca

Back 39

"children of the sun"; worshipped the sun & moon; cuzco = capital; largest empire

Front 40

maya

Back 40

most developed culture; started in yucatan peninsula; skilled architects; studied stars in temples; made an accurate calendar

Front 41

aztec

Back 41

developed in central mexico; a very war-like people; built civilization by conquering surrounding tribes; capital was on an island in lake texacoco

Front 42

punic wars

Back 42

three of them; carthedge starts war over expansion; carthedge starts war for revenge; rome starts war for revenge

Front 43

4 nobel truths

Back 43

1. all human life involves suffering & sorrow.
2. desire for life or pleasure and material gain leads to suffering & sorrow.
3. renouncing desire frees from suffering.
4. free desires by following the eightfold path.