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51 Cards in this Set

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What were the dates of the Industrial Revolution?

First part: 1750-1850
Second part: 1850-1914
What were some positive effects of the Industrial Revolution?
1. created jobs
2. increased wealth of country
3. provided hope of improvement in people's lives
4. healthier diets - more variety
5. expanded educational opportunities
6. cheaper clothing
7. better working conditions
What were the dates of the Agricultural Revolution?
1600/1700-1750
What were some ideas/inventions during the Agricultural Revolution?
1. enclosure
2. iron plows
3. crop rotation
4. breeding animals
What came out of the Agricultural Revolution?
1. new methods seeding/harvesting
2. new crops
3. healthier diets
4. better health
5. new work force
What were the main reasons that the Industrial Revolution started in Britain?
1. natural resources - coal, iron
2. bodies of water - harbors, rivers
3. good banking system - loans
4. political stability
5. entrepreneurs - take risks to start businesses
6. factors of production - land, labor, money
7. location - center of trading world
8. demand for goods
Describe the evolution of transportation
1. Canals
2. Roads - turnpikes with rocks
3. Steam Engine - steam boat
4. Railroad System - drove industrial revolution after 1820
Describe the evolution of the railroad
-Steam engines on wheels
-1804, first locomotive to pull a load
-1825, George Stephenson creates Rocket
Adam Smith
-If people are selfish, it will benefit society
-Believed in free trade, laissez faire, and the 3 laws of economics
What were Adam Smith's Three Laws of Economics?
1. law of self interest - society gain from being selfish
2. law of competition - keeps prices down and quality up
3. law of supply and demand
Thomas Malthus
-Believed population would always grow faster than food production
-Natural disasters needed to balance out population
-Dismal scientist
Jethro Tull
Invented seed drill
James Watts
1760's - Invented steam engine
Flying Shuttle
1755 - made weaving on a loom faster, allowed weavers to double their output
Spinning Jenny
1768 - spinners could produce yarn in greater quantities
Turnpikes
Roads on which toll was charged
Steam Engine
Engine powered by steam, pumped water from mines three times as quickly as before
Laissez-Faire
Government not involved in economy at all
Proletariat
Working class
Utopia
Perfect society
Capitalism
Economy controlled by private owners rather than by government
Corporations
Business owned by stock holders who share in its profits but are not responsible for its debts
Enclosure
Enclosing large areas of land to farm
Factory Act of 1833
1. Illegal to hire children under the age of 9
2. Children ages 9-12 could work only 8 hours
3. Children ages 13-17 could work only 12 hours
Mines Act of 1842
Women and children could not work in mines
Ten Hour Act
Children 13-17 limited to 10 hours a day
Combination Act
Outlawed unions, 20 years later this act was repealed allowing unions to form
Labor Unions
Organized associations of workers formed to protect and further their rights and interests
John Stuart Mills
Advocate for ultilitarianism
Karl Marx
German philosopher/economist, created modern communism/scientific socialism/marxism
Ricardo
-Dismal scientist
-Iron Law of Wages: When population ⬇ wages go ⬆, when population ⬆ wages go ⬇
Owens
-Advocate for utopian society
-Believed factories should benefit society and allow people to work in cooperation
J Kay
1755 - invented flying shuttle
J Bentham
Advocate for utilitarianism
What is crop rotation?
Planting different crops in soil during different years
Scientific Socialism / Marxism / Communism
Complete communism, government controls everything, classless society in which everyone shares everything equally
What were the "Haves" and "Have Nots?"
-Part of the Karl Marx concept that there were only two types of people
-Haves: Bourgeoisie
-Have Nots: Peasants
"Wealth of Nations"
Book written by Adam Smith
Standard of Living
-Level/quality of your life
-Extremely low in early factory cities
What type of government do we have today?
Capitalism/Free Market/Free Enterprise
Urbanization
People moving from country to cities
What were the average work days in a factory for an adult?
12-16 hours a day, six days a week (half and hour for lunch and dinner)
Iron Horse
The train
Horseless Carriage
First used to describe train, then used to describe cars
What was the Energy Revolution?
Water - Steam - Coal - Electricity/Gas
Karl Marx predicted that communism would arise. What were the things that Marx did not foresee which prevented communism?
1. standard of living rose - gap between upper/lower class closed
2. abuses in industrial revolution started to disappear
3. labor unions - people got better rights
4. suffrage - passed laws to improve lives
5. nationalism
6. religion
7. ethnic loyalty
8. emigration
Communist Manifesto
Three classes - lower class overthrows upper class
Textile Industry
Clothing/fabric industry, first industry to industrialize
Utilitarianism
Most useful to most amount of people
What was the New Middle Class? What were the issues regarding this class?
-Made of people who constructed factories, purchased machines, figured out where markets were
-Issues: Disliked by upper class, jealous/try to become upper class, separate from lower class, drove industrial revolution
What were some of the hardships of industrial life?
1. child labor
2. poor working conditions
3. poor living conditions
4. no housing
5. inadequate waste removal
6. water pollution
7. air pollution