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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Indian subcontinent
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shaped like a triangle hanging from the southern ridge of Asia, is compsed of a number of core regions, including mountain ranges, river valleys, a dry interior plateau, and fertile coastal plains.
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Himalaya
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the highest mountains in the world. Directly south of the Himalaya is the rich valley of the Ganges River, one of the chief regions of Indian culture.
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Ganges River
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one of the chief regions of Indian culture.
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Deccan
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a plateau that extends from the Ganges valley to the southern tip of India.
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monsoon
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a seasonal wind pattern in southern Asia.
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Persian Gulf
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where most of trade occured.
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Aryans
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a group of Indo-European nomadic peoples began to move out of thier original homeland in central Asia. They moved south across the HIndu Kush moutain range.
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Hindu Kush
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near- Indus and Amu Darya Rivers.
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Sanskrit
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The Aryans first developed writing system.-1000B.C.
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rajas
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princes.. usually carved statues
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caste system
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a set of rigid social categories that determined not only a person's occupation and economic potential, but also his or her position in society
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castes
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major divisions of Indian classes in ancient times.
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Brahmans
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usually considered to be at the top of the social scale. They were in charge of the religious ceremonies that were so important in Indian society.
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Kshatriyas
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warriors- as Aryan society changed teh Kshatriyas often found new forms of employment.
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Kshatriyas
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warriors, the second caste in Aryan society.
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Vaisyas
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commoners-3rd ranked caste in Indian society. most of them were merchants who engaged in commerce, or farmers caring for the land.
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Sudras
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made up the great bulk of the Indian population. The Sudras were not Aryans, and the term probably originally referred to the conquered dark-skinned natives. most sudras were peasants and people who worked at other forms of manual labor. they had only limited rights in society.
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Untouchables
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the lowest level of Indian society-and in fact not even considered a real part of the caste system. they were given menial, degrading tasks that othere Indians would not accept, such as collecting trash and handling dead bodies. they made up about 5% of the total population of ancient India.
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Hinduism
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has its origins in the religious beliefs of the Aryan peoples who settled in India after 1500 B.C.
They believed in reincarnation,karma,and dharma and practiced yoga. |
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reincarnation
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is the belief that theindividual soul is reborn in a different form after death.
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karma
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the force generated by a person's actions that determines how the person will be reborn in the next life.
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dharma
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the divine law
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yoga
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a method of training designed to lead to such union. How does one achieve oneness with God?-practice developed by Hinduism.
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buddhism
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appeared in nothern India and soon became a rival of Hinduism. The founder of Buddhims was Siddhartha Gautama-known as the Buddha, or "Enlightened One"
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ascetics
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people who practiced self-denial to achieve an understanding of ultimate reality.-Buddism first practiced this and then.. turned to mediation
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nirvana
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ultimate reality- the end of the self and a reunion with the Great World Soul.
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Asoka
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The Mauryan Empire flourished during the reign of Asoka- the grandson of Chandragupta maurya.
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Silk Road
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Silk road passed through the mountains northwest of India.- From Changan in China across central Asia to Mesopotamia.
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Changan
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in China, where Silk road extended from.
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Antioch in Syria
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port city on the Mediterranean Sea
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Faxian
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Chinese traveler, who spent several years there in the fifth century. a Buddihist monk
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pilgrims
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PEOPLE WHO TRAVEL TO RELIGIOUS PLACES FROM ACROSS INDIA AND AS FAR AWAY AS CHINA CAME TO VISIT THE MAJOR RELIGIOUS CENTERS.
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HUNS
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NOMADIC-FROM THE NORTHWEST THEY GRADUALLY REDUCED THE POWER OF THE EMPIRE. DESTROYED GUPTAS EMPIRE
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VEDAS
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THE EARLIEST KNOWN INDIAN LITERATURE FROM THE ARYAN TRADITION IN THE FROM OF THE ^ vEDAS.- PRIMARILY RELIGIOUS
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BHAGAVAD GITA
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A SERMON BY THE GOD KRISHNA ON THE EVE OF A MAJOR BATTLE.
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KALIDASA
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ONE OF ANCIENT INDIA'S MOST FAMOUS AUTHORS- WHO LIVED DURING THE GUPTA DYNASTY. HIS POEM THE CLOUD MESSENGER.
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ARYABHATA
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THE MOST FAMOUS MATHEMATICIAN OF THE GUPTA EMPIRE, ONE OF THE FIRST SCIENTISTS KNOWN TO HAVE USED ALGEBRA.
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HUANG HE
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YELLOW RIVER-STRETCHES ACROSS CHINA FOR MORE THAN 2,900 MILES, CARRYING ITS RICH YELLOW SILT ALL THE WAY FROM MONGOKIA TO THE PACIFIC OCEAN.
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CHANG JIANG
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OR YANGTZE RIVER-IS EVNE LONGER FLOWING FOR ABOUT 3,400 MILES ACROSS CENTRAL CHINA BEFORE EMPTYING IN TO THE YELLOW SEA.
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XIA DYNASTY
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LITTLE KNOWN ABOUT THE DYNASTY. JUST THAT IT WAS REPLCED BY A SECOND DYNASTY, THE SHANG.
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SHANG DYNASTY
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MOSTLY A FARIMING SOCIETY RULED BY AN ARISTOCRACY WHOSE MAJOR CONCERN IS WAR.
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ARISTOCRACY
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IS AN UPPER CLASS WHOSE WEALTH IS BASED ON LAND AND WHOSE POWER IS PASSED ON FROM ONE GENERATION TO ANOTHER.
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ZHOU DYNASTY
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LASTED FOR ALMOST NINE HUNDRED YEARS MAKING IT THE LONGEST-LASTING DYNASTY IN cHINESE HISTORY.
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MANDATE OF HEAVEN
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THE BELIEF THAT HEAVEN- WHICH WAS NA IMPERSONAL LAW OF NATURE-KEPT ORDER IN THE UNIVERSE THROUGHT THE ZHOU KIND. THUS HE REULED OVER ALL HUMANITY BY A MANDATE, OR AUTHORITY TO COMMAND, FROM HEAVEN.
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DAO
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THE PROPER "WAY"
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FILIAL PIETY
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FILIAL REFERS TO A SON OR DAUGHTER. FILIAL PIETY, THEN, REFERES TO THE DUTY OF MEMBERS OF THE FAMILY TO SUBORDINATE THEIR NEEDS AND DESIRES TO THOSE OF TEH MALE HEAD OF THE FAMILY.
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CONFUCIANISM
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OR SYSTEM OF THE CONFUCIAN IDEAS, AN IMPORTANT PART OF CHINESE HISTORY.
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DAOISM
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WAS A SYSTEM OF IDEAS BASED ON THE TEACHINGS OF LAOZI.
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LEGALISM
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PROPOSED THAT HUMAN BEINGS WERE EVIL BY NATURE.
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REGIME'S
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THE GOVERNMENT IN POWER.-OFFICIAL IDEOLOGY.
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CENSORATE
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HAD INSPECTORS WHO CHECKED ON GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS TO MAKE SURE THEY WERE DOING THEIR JOBS.
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GREAT WALL OF CHINA
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QIN SHIHUANGDI'S PROJECT
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THE HAN DYNASTY
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FOUNDER OF HAN DYNASTY WAS LIU BANG, A MAN OF PEASANT ORIGIN WHO BECAME KNOWN BY HIS TITLE HAN GAOZU ("EXLATED EMPEROR OF HAN")
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HAN WUDI
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ADDED THE SOUTHERN REGIONS BELOW THE CHANG JIANG INTO THE EMPIRE
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SOUTH CHINA SEA
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PART OF WHAT IS TODAY NORTHERN VIETNAM BECAME PART OF THE EMPIRE.
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INDIAN OCEAN
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FIND.....
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