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171 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The arrow points to the ______ Mountains
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Alps
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self awareness, appreciation of human abilities,
new emphasis on this during the Renaissance |
Humanism
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Phillip II sent the ___ ___ into the English
Channel, but it failed to defeat the English. |
Spanish Armada
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Where the Renaissance began; new
economic prosperity and cultural pride; benefited economically from the Crusades |
northern Italy
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ISLAM Founder
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Muhammad
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The word "renaissance" means ___.
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rebirth
(of classical civilization... ancient Greece and Rome) |
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The arrow points to the _____ Mountains
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Ural (they divide Europe and Asia)
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Renaissance artist and engineer whose
ideas were before his time |
Renaissance Man/ Leonardo da vinci
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Austrian royal family that ruled much
of southern Europe |
Hapsburgs
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German monk who began the reformation
with his protests of Church corruption |
Martin Luther
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Which religion goes with all of these??
Monotheistic, New Testament, Heaven/Hell, Jesus gives salvation, Gospels |
Christianity
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ISLAM Sacred Text
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Koran
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The Renaissance means ___ of
classical (Greco-Roman) knowledge. |
rebirth
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Who was the first European to sail
to India by going around the southern tip of Africa? |
Vasco daGama
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nailed to the door of the Wittenburg church,
statements criticizing indulgences and other church policies |
95 Thesis
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ISLAM Holy Cities
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Mecca, Medina, Jerusalem
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Government where the power of
the crown is unchecked. |
Absolute Monarchy
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Who had the first crew to travel
around the world? |
Magellan
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The arrow points to the ______ Sea
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Black
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certificates sold by the church synod to reduce
or even cancel punishment for a person's sins as long as one truly repents |
Indulgences
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ISLAM Moral Code
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5 Pillars
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The Renaissance spread from the city-states
of ___ to Northern Europe and beyond. |
Northern Italy
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French explorer who sailed up the
St. Lawrence River and established France's claim on Canada |
Jacques Cartier
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a person could be made just, or good, simply
by faith in God's mercy and love |
Justification by Faith
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Another name for the Age of Monarchs.
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Age of Absolutism.
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to travel completely around the globe
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circumnavigate
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What was the name of the Empire that,
in 1500 AD, occupied the territory known as Iran today? |
Safavid Empire (Persia)
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reformer who established most powerful
group in Swiss city of Geneva. Set up a theocracy in Geneva |
John Calvin
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England's monarch - encouraged pirates
to attack Spanish treasure ships; defeated the Spanish Armada; made Anglican the official religion |
Queen Elizabeth
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America was named for this person?
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Amerigo Vespucci
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What was India known as under Muslim rule?
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Mughal India (1500 AD)
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God determines the fate of everyone
before they are born |
Predestination
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Dynasty that ruled Prussia
during the Age of Monarchs. |
Hohenzollern
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popular phase which sums up the
reasons for European countries to explore and conquer new lands |
Gold, God, Glory
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What was the name of the trading
empire of western Africa in 1500 AD? |
Songhai Empire
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people who wanted to purify the English
Church by removing all Catholic rituals |
Puritans
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The Moral Code of Hinduism
is called ___. |
Dharma
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Greecian painter who lived primarily in Spain
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El Greco
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What items from the Far East did
the Europeans want? |
spices, silk, & pepper
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What empire occupied the Yucatan
peninsula (Central America) in 1500? |
Mayan Empire
(actually had fallen by 900 AD) |
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reaffirmed Catholic teachings that had
been challenged by Protestants |
Council of Trent
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The Creator God of Hinduism
is called the ____. |
Brahman
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From northern Italy, the Renaissance
spread to ____ ____. |
northern Europe
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conquistador who defeated the
Aztecs of Mexico |
Hernan Cortes
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The capital of the Aztec Empire
in 1500 AD was _____. (today it is Mexico City) |
Tenochtitlan
(island city on Lake Texcoco) |
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Ignatius founded the Jesuits after being
wounded in war. Jesuits vowed to serve the pope. they preached to people helping spread Christianity, also founding universities and schools |
Ignatius of Loyola
he founded the Jesuits |
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Erasmus was a Dutch theologian who
advanced the intellectual ideas known as ___. |
humanism
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The largest ancient empire of South
America was the ____. Its capital was Cuzco. |
Incan Empire
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Those who supported Charles I
in the English Civil War |
Cavaliers
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What is a conquistador?
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Any of the Spanish conquerors in the
Americas during the early 1500s. |
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the basic teaching of Buddhism,
expressed by Siddartha Gautama: 1.life is painful 2.the cause of this suffering is excess desire 3.there is a way to overcome this suffering 4. the way is the eightfold path |
Four Noble Truths
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French king who married the Austrian
princess, Marie Antoinette, at age 15; he was a poor leader and husband |
Louis XVI (16th)
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The main religion of India and parts
of southeast Asia in 1500 AD was ___. |
Hinduism
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Strongest nation in Europe during
the 1500s and early 1600s. |
Spain
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explorer who conquered the
Incas of South America |
Francisco Pizarro
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The main religion of India and parts
of East and Southeast Asia in 1500 AD was ___. |
Buddhism
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French king who married the Austrian
princess, Marie Antoinette, at age 15; he was a poor leader and husband |
Louis XVI (16th)
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Trans-Saharan trade routes linked
southern and western _____ to northern ____. |
Africa (both)
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___ was the famous painter, inventor,
and philosopher of Renaissance Italy. |
Leonardo daVinci
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trade between Europe, Africa, and
the Americas of food, slaves, and raw goods |
Triangle Trade
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The most famous Renaissance author
of sonnets, plays, and essays was the Englishman named ___. |
Shakespeare
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A waterway in North America thought to
connect the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean. It was searched for but not found. |
the Northwest Passage
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Chief minister to Louis XIII; he took
France into the Thirty Years War to prevent Hapsburg domination of Europe. |
Cardinal Richelieu
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Peter the Great built ______, which
became the new capital of Russia |
St. Petersburg
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16th century invention of shared risk investing;
the Dutch East India Company is an example |
Joint-Stock Company
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Those who supported Parliament
in the English Civil War |
Roundheads
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___ was an Indian emperor, of the
Maurya Dynasty who ruled from 273 BC to 232 BC. one of India's greatest emperors became Buddhist after a war |
Ashoka
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The English Bill of Rights made sure
Parliament had more power than the ruler and established ________. |
limited monarchy
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economic theory based on the idea that
a nation's power is best measured by its wealth in gold and silver: |
mercantilism
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CHRISTIANITY Founder
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Jesus
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Renaissance thought: self awareness,
appreciation of human abilities like reason and invention |
Humanism
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CHRISTIANITY Sacred Text
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Bible / New Testament
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Marked the transition from Medieval to
modern times. A time of great artistic and intellectual creativity |
Renaissance
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Who started the School of Navigation?
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Prince Henry
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The two most famous contributors to Renaissance
visual arts were Leonardo daVinci and ___. |
Michelangelo
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French monarch who called himself
the "Sun King." |
Louis XIV (14th)
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Roundheads were mainly _____.(religion)
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Puritans
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Date of the Glorious Revolution
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AD 1688
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called the "national razor," it was
invented by a physician as a more human form of execution |
guillotine
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Where the Renaissance began;
new economic prosperity and cultural pride |
northern Italy
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The Church view of ___ was challenged by
merchant wealth in Europe during the Reformation period. (it means charging interest on loans) |
usury
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Who led Parliament's army to victory
in the English Civil War. |
Oliver Cromwell
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marie antoinette
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austrian wife of Louis XVI
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Siddhartha Gautama was the founder of ___.
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Buddhism
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German and English nobles challenges the
authority of the Catholic Church because they viewed it as being dominated by ___. |
Italians
(The popes lived in Rome) |
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Following the English Civil War, ___
was found guilty of treason and became the only English king ever to be executed (beheaded) |
Charles I
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These first formed in England following the
"Restoration" of Charles II to the throne. These "factions" develop as people gain rights and greater political authority. |
Political Parties
"Whigs" and "Tories" |
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The Koran is the holy book of ___.
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Islam
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he broke with the Catholic church over
issues of corruption and began the Protestantism which placed "faith" above Church authority |
Martin Luther
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The selling of ___ was seen as one of the
most clear examples of Church corruption going into the Reformation period. |
indulgences
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Christians became divided between
Catholics and Protestants. |
Reformation
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Philip II and other absolute monarchs
believed they were kings by ________. |
Divine Right
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Under Cromwell, the monarchy was
abolished and England was declared a republic called the ____ of Great Britain |
Commonwealth
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believed in a social contract and
also believed that people are born free but are enslaved by society |
Jean Jacques Rousseau
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Reincarnation, karma and dharma
are parts of the religion of ____. |
Hinduism
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To finance Renaissance projects in
Rome Pope Leo X authorized the sale of ___________. |
indulgences
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Martin Luther viewed the Bible as the ultimate
authority and taught that salvation is gained by ___ alone. |
faith
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He was invited by Parliament to return to
England (from exile in France) and become king. This was known as the "Restoration" of the monarchy |
Charles II
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leader of the Roundheads;
became Lord Protector |
Oliver Cromwell
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The idea that royal power is granted by God.
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Divine Right of Kings
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Enlightenment thinkers believed all
problems could be solved with____. |
reason
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Most Hindus live in ____.
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India
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The act which led directly to the birth of the
Protestant Church was when Luther nailed ___ to his church door in Wittenburg. |
his 95 Theses
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The ___ stated that Parliament had greater
power over the monarchy. It was signed by William and Mary in 1689. |
English Bill of Rights
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The return of Charles II as King of England
marked the beginning of the ___ ___ of British history. |
Restoration Period
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Most Buddhists live in eastern ___.
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Asia
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___ established a Protestant tradition based
on "predestination" and faith being "revealed" by righteous living. |
John Calvin
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Name for the bloodless revolution which
forced James II to flee England and brought William and Mary to power |
Glorious Revolution
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Strongest monarch during Span's
Golden Age |
Philip II
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this originally referred to the princes
refusal to join the pope against Luther; it eventually comes to refer to all who broke with the Catholic Church. |
Protestants
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signed the English Bill of Rights
and became the rulers |
William and Mary
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Powerful banking family that ruled Florence.
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Medici
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The Torah is the written record
of the religion of ___. |
Judaism
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___ dismissed the authority of the
Pope in Rome be separating the English Church for Catholicism and establishing the Anglican tradition. |
King Henry VIII (8th)
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William & Mary signed the ___ into law
which established the supremacy of the Parliament over the crown in England. |
English Bill of Rights
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once a medieval castle, it served as
a prison and armory for the nobility; it was also the target of the first violent outbreak of revolution |
Bastille
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another name for the Catholic Reformation
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Counter Reformation
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Meetings for the discussion of ideas.
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Salons
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The Eightfold Path to Nirvana (eternal bliss)
is part of the religion of ____. |
Buddhism
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The English Reformation began because
the king wanted a ___ so he could gain a male heir. |
divorce
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English King broke with the pope.
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Henry VIII
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Title of the Russian monarch
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Czar (tsar)
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Because the American colonists believed
they were being taxed without their representation and thus denied their natural rights... they ___. |
declared independence.
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Made Henry VIII the official head
of the Church of England. (1534) |
Act of Supremacy
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Name the monarch: ____________
- Anglican Church - tolerance for dissenters - victory over the Spanish Armada - last Tudor |
Elizabeth I
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Czar who worked to modernize Russia
by implementing Western European methods and traditions - Westernization |
Peter the Great
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document which guaranteed rights
of life, liberty, property to French citizens |
Declaration of Rights of Man
and Citizen |
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Name of the Protestant Church of England
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Anglicanism
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believed that people are
naturally cruel; wrote Leviathan |
Thomas Hobbes
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belived in natural rights; wrote the
Two Treatises of Government |
John Locke
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Philip II expelled all non-Catholics
from Spain. This included mostly ______ and _____. |
Jews and Moors (Muslims)
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created the system of checks and balances;
wrote Spirit of the Laws |
Montesquieu
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this was used as to create terror and
extract all non-catholic elements from Spain. |
Spanish Inquisition
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Agreed that the Church's interpretation
of the Bible was final. (meeting) |
Council of Trent
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believed in and fought for freedom of speech
|
Voltaire
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It's defeat in 1588 was the beginning
of Spain's decline as the leading European power. |
Spanish Armada
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Founder of the Jesuit Order.
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Ignatius Loyola
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In the late 1500s, France was torn
by religious conflict between ____. |
Catholics & Huguenots
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A society of Jesus.
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Jesuits
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French Protestant Calvinists
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Huguenots
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First Bourbon King of France; he
was also a Huguenot, but converted to become king |
Henry of Navarre
Henry IV |
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The Council of Trent and the formation
of the Jesuits were parts of the ___ ___. |
Counter Reformation
or Catholic Reformation |
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Commissioned by the Pope to paint
the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel. |
Michelangelo
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Established the Edict Nantes
|
Henry IV
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this gave French Protestants (Huguenots)
religious freedom in 1598. |
Edict of Nantes
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Real ruler of France during the
reign of Louis XIII |
Cardinal Richelieu
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Was triggered by a rebellion of
Bohemian protestants who began it by throwing two officials out of a third story window |
Thirty Years War
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Started over religion ended up
over the balance of power. |
Thirty Years War
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Where Jacques Cartier sailed
to establish French claim |
5 Canada (Quebec)
(New France) |
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A tax on imports
|
Protective tariff
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In some Italian cities Jews were
forced to live in a separate part of the city called a ________. |
ghetto
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He weakened the power of the nobles
by inviting them to live in Luxury in his palace. |
Louis XIV
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Small nations band together to keep
a strong nation from dominating. Very important to peace in Europe |
Balance of Power
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Maria Theresa' dynasty.
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Hapsburg
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Peter fought the Swedes and the
Turks to gain a ________. |
warm water port
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Priest who wanted the common man
to be able to read the scripture and fought corruption in the Church. |
Martin Luther
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His plays often explored the
complexity of the individual. |
Shakespeare
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Helped spread the ideas of both the
Renaissance and the Reformation. (an invention) |
Printing Press
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Inventor of the Printing Press.
|
Johann Gutenberg
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Intellectual movement of the
17th & 18th centuries. |
Enlightenment
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The Enlightenment was prompted
by the ____ ____ (1500s & 1600s). |
Scientific Revolution
|
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He developed a telescope and
supported the Heliocentric theory. |
Galileo
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Demonstrated that planets move in
ellipses or ovals. |
Johannes Kepler
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He laid the foundations for the scientific
theories that subsequently revolutionized the world; he invented calculus |
Isaac Newton
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Newton developed the theory of ___.
|
Gravity
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Hobbes, Locke& Rousseau were all
considered ____ ____ theorists. |
social contract
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He believed people had Natural Rights
to life, liberty and property. |
John Locke
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John Locke Believed that if people's
natural rights were NOT protected, they had the right and duty to _____. |
revolt
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Name for complete free market
economy (leave it alone). |
Laissez faire
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Criticized the enlightenment's excessive
emphasis on reason, he believed people needed to rely more on emotion and instinct. |
Rousseau
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Belief that God started the universe like
a perfect clock and then left it alone. The was the "religion" of the Enlightenment |
Deism
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