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255 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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sent the first radio waves across the Atlantic
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Guglielmo Marconi
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provided a new source of power in transportation
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internal cumbustion engine
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Marxists who rejected the revolutionary approach
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revisionists
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made up nearly 80 percent of the European population in the early 1900s
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working class
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founded the women's social and political union
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Emmeline Pankhurst
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idea that the prime minister is responsible to the legislative body and not to the executive officer
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ministerial responsibility
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Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy
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Triple alliance
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discovered the first radioactive element, radium
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Marie Curie
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published major new theories of human behavior in The Interpretation of Dreams
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Sigmund Freud
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Impressionist painter who sought to capture the interplay of light, water, and sky
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Claude Monet
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In the Second Industrial Revolution, what led the way to new industrial frontiers?
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Sttel, chemicals, electricity, and petroleum
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According to Karl Marx, the _________, or working class, was oppressed by the middle class.
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proletariat
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By 1914, trade unions had
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bettered both the living and working conditions of the working class.
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Although they made up only 5 percent of the population in the early 1900s, which class controlled 30-40 percent of the wealth?
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the new elite
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______ founded the Female Association for the Care of the Poor and the Sick in Hamburg, Germany.
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Amalie Sieveking
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What was the name of the legislative assemble created by Czar Nicholas II?
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Duma
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The alliance between Great Britain, RUssia, and France was known as the
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triple entente
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According to Albert Einstein's special theory of relativity,
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If all materal things disappear out of the universe, time and space would disappear with them.
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Symbolists believed that the world was a collection of symbols that
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reflected the true reality, which was the individual human mind
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FUnctionalism was the idea that
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buildings, like the products of machines, should be useful and lack unnecessary ornamentation
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the moral responsibility of Europeans to civilize primitive peoples
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"white man's burden"
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leader of a movement for independence in the Philippines
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Emilio Aguinaldo
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Ottoman officer who seized power in Egypt and established a separate Egyptian state
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Muhammad Ali
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talented ruler who carved out an empire for the Zuhu people
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Shaka
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Indian revolt known to the British as the Sepoy mutiny
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First War of Independence
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group that called for a share in the governing process of India
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Indian National COngress
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Indian author who worked for human dignity, world peace, and the mutual understanding and union of East and West
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Rabindranath Tagore
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led the revolt in the French colony of Saint Domingue
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Francois Dominique Toussaint Louverture
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hailed as one of the "Liberators of South America"
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Jose de San Martin
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brought liberal reforms to Mexico, including land distribution to the poor
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Benito Juarez
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Who established the colony of Singapore?
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Sir Stamford Raffles
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If a colongy was run by _______, local elites were removed from power and replaced with a new set of officials from the mother country
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direct rule
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Originally sent to Arica to find David Livingstone, Henry Stanley was
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hired by King Leopold II of Belgium
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The only free states remaining in Africa by 1914 were
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Liberia and Ethiopia
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Lord Macaulay designed a new school system in India to
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train Indian children to serve in the colonial government and army.
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_________ set up a nonviolent movement with the aim to force the British to aid the poor and grant independence to India
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Mohandas Gandhi
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In the Latin AMerican colonial system, who were the mestizos?
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The largest group; worked as servants and laborers
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_______ joined Jose de San Martin's forces to complete the liberation of Peru
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Simon Bolivar
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By seizing control of Mexico from Porfirio Diaz, Francisco Madero
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opened the door to a wider revolution led by Emiliano Zapata
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As a result of the prosperity that came from increased exports, Latin America
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witnessed a growth in the middle sectors of Latin American society
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conflict resulting from the Chines attempt to blockade Guangzhou to keep out British traders
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first Opium War
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caused by the failure of the Chinese government to deal with pressing internal economic problems
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Tai Ping Rebellion
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launched the One hundred days of Reform
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Guang Xu
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young radical who formed the Revive China Society
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Sun Yatsen
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China's "last emperor"
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Henry Pu Yi
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his fleet pressured the Japanese into opening trade relations with the Unitesd States
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Commodore Matthew Perry
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organization demanding voting rights for women and attention to human rights
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Freedom and People's rights movement
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practice of Europeans being governed by their own laws while living on Chinese soil
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extraterritoriality
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areas where the European states had exclusive trading rights in China
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spheres of influence
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traveled to Great Britain, France, Germany, and the United States to study their governments
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Ito Hirobumi
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As a result of the Treaty of Nanjing, Britain was
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given the island of Hong Kong, among other concessions
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Hong Xiuquan leader of the Tai Ping Rebellion viewed himself as
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the younger brother of Jesus Christ
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_______ proposed the Open Door policy for China
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John Hey
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The slogan of the _______was "destroy the foreigner."
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boxers
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______ agreed to serve as president of a new Chinese republic after the collapse of the Qing dynasty.
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General Yuan Shigai
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Under the reign of the young emperor Mutsuhito, Japan
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underwent a political transformation known as the Meiji Restoration
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What was the result of Japan's vicoty in the war with Russia?
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a stunned world was forced to recognize Japan as one of the great powers
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The policy of _____ called for China to adopt western techonolgy while retaining their Confucian values and institutions
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"self-strengthening"
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Who imprisoned Guang Xu and ended all his reform efforts?
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Ci Xi
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the daimyo governed ____ after the Meiji government seized their lands.
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prefectures
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a military draft
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conscription
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assassinated Archduke Francis Ferdinand and his wife Sophia
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Gavrilo Princip
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the spread of ideas to influence public opinion for or against a cause
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propaganda
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Great Britian, France, Italy
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Allied Powers
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systems directed by government agencies in order to mobilize resources for the war effort
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planned economies
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urged princes in the Middle East to revolt against their Ottoman overlords
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Lawrence of Arabia
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new name for the Bolsheviks after they seized power
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Communists
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general who guided German military operations
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Erich von ludendorff
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declared that Germany and Austria were responsible for starting World War I
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War Guilt Clause
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A nation officially governed by another nation on behalf of the League of Nations
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mandate
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What was the name of the group that conspired to assassinate Archduke Francis Ferdinand
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the Black Hand
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In 1914, ____ was considered an act of war
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mobilization of a nation's army
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the western front was characterized by
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trench warfare that kept both sides in virtually the same positions for four years
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Austria-Hngary, Bulgaria, Germany, and the Ottoman Empire became known as
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the central powers
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Why did Admiral Holtzendorff promise Emperor william II "not one American will land on the continent"?
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He wanted to convince the emperor to resume unrestricted submarine warfare
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_____ were councils composed of representatives from the workers and soldiers.
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Soviets
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The red secret police, known as the Cheka, began
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a red terror campaign to destroy all those who opposed the new regime
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The treaty of versailles was
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a treaty signed with Germany that many Germans felt was a harsh peace.
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France's apporach to peace was guided in large part by
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the desire for national security
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World War I was a ____, meaning that it involved a complete mobilization of resources and people.
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total war
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reduced German reparations
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Dawes Plan
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A period of low economic activity and rising unemployment
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economic depression
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political philosophy that emphasizes the need for a strong central government led by a dictatorial ruler
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fascism
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modified capitalist system Lenin used to avoid economic disaster
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New Economic Policy
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system in which private farms were eliminated and the government owned the land
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collectivization
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living space
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lebensraum
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excluded jews from German citizenship
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Nuremberg laws
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program that offered leisure time activities to fill the free time of the working class
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Kraft durch Freude
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James Joyce's famous novel
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Ulysses
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documentary film of the 1934 Nuremberg Nzai Party rally
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The Triumph of the Will
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The treaty of Locarno guaranteed
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Germany's new western borders with France and Belgium
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John Maynard Keynes argued that unemployment
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came not from overproduction but from a decline in demand
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a ______ state is a government that aims to control the political, economic, social, intellectual, and cultural lives of its citizens
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totalitarian
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How did Benito Mussolini gain the support of the Catholic Church?
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He gave the Church money and official recognition
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The purpose of Stalin's Five Year Plans was to
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transform the USSR from an agricultural into an industrial economy
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The Enabling Act allowed Hitler to establish a totalitarian state by
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giving the government the power to ignore the constitution for four years
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What was the Kristallnacht
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it was a destructive Nazi rampage against the Jews
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Surrealist _____painted everyday objects but separated them from their normal contexts
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Salvador Dali
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The literary work of _____ includes Siddhartha and Steppenwolf
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Hermann Hesse
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WHo was the propaganda minster for Nazi Germany?
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Joseph Goebbels
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the deliberate mass murder of a particular racial, political, or cultural group
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genocide
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established the modern state of Iran in 1935
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Reza Shah Pahlavi
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leader of a movement that tried to make all Africans aware of their own cultural heritage
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WEB Du Bois
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Japanese extremist patriotic organization
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Black Dragon Society
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leader of the Chinese National Pary after Sun Yatsen
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Chiang Kaishek
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promoted traditional Confucian values while rejecting excessive individualism of Western captialism
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"New Life Movement"
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what Chian Kaishek regarded as "a disease of the heart"
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Communists
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"great soul"
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Mahatma
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government where a select group of people exercises control
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oligarchy
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cheered by Mexicans as the president who had stood up to the United States
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Lazaro Cardenas
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After successfully establishing the Republic of Turkey, Kemal Ataturk
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introduced many reforms, most of which were kept even after his death
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In November 1917, the ____ stated Britains intention to make Palestine the national home of the Jews
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Balfour Declaration
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Mohandas Gandhi protested British law by
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using methosds of civil disobedience, that is, refusing to obey laws considered to be unjust
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The ____ gradually developed into vast companies that controlled major segments of the Japanese industrial sector
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zaibatsu
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Who led the People's liberation Army on the Long March?
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Mao Zedong
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In order to fight the larger Nationalist Army, the Communists
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began using guerrilla tactics
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Chiang Kaishek did not press for programs that would lead to a redistribution of wealth because
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he did not want to lose the support of the rural landed gentry, as well as the urban middle class
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President Franklin D Roosevelt's Good Neighbor Policy
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rejected the use of US military force in Latin America
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The ___ controlled the major groups within Mexican presidency
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Institutional Revolutionary Party
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Identy the Mexican national oil company
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PEMEX
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policy that sought peace and stability by satisfying the reasonable demands of dissatisfied powers
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appeasement
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Neville Chamberlain thought the agreement reached there meant "peace for our time,"
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Munich Conference
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used as an excuse for Japanese seizure of Manchuria
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"Mukden incident"
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unoccupied France, governed by authoritarian regime under German control
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Vichy France
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German air force
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Luftwaffe
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Germany Italy, and Japan
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Axis Powers
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special strike forces for carrying out Nazi Final SOlution
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Einsatzgruppen
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the slaughter of European civilians, particularly European Jews, by the Nazis
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Holocaust
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British term for the German air raids
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blitz
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meeting at which the Allies agreed to form a United Nations organization
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yalta Conference
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Hitler demanded and was given what area in northwestern Czechoslovakia?
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Sudentenland
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Two days after Hitler's invasiona of ____, Britain and France declared war on Germany
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Poland
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Hitler's blitzkrieg or "lightning war," was
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a form of attack that used tank divisions supported by air attacks
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On December 7, 1941, the Japanese
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launched a surprise attack on the US Pacific fleet at Pearl Harbor
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What was the turning point of the war in the Pacific?
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the Battle of Midway Island
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____ administered the Nazi's Final Solution
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Reinhard Heydrich
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When the Einsatzgruppen proved to be too slow for the Nazis, they
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built special extermination camps in Poland
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In order to address lavor shortages during the war, Japan
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brought in Korean and Chinese laborers
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At the Tehran Conference, Stalin, ROosevelt, and Churchill agreed to
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to a partition of postwar Germany
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At the Potsdam Conference, Truman demanded ____ throughout Eastern Europe
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freely elected governments
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author of A day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich
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Alexander Solzhenitsyn
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author of The Second Sex
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Simone de Beauvoir
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US President involved in the Cuban Missile Crisis
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John F Kennedy
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Soviet leader who promoted the growth of heavy industry over consumer goods after World War II
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Josef Stalin
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Communist leader of Cuba during the Cuban Missile Crisis
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Fidel Castro
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First president of France's Fifth Republic
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Charles de Gaulle
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US president who resumed relations with China after the Vietnam War
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Richard Nixon
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US president who, beginning in 1964, increased the number of US troops in Vietnam
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Lyndon B Johnson
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Soviet leader who built the Berlin Wall
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Nikita Khrushchev
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West German leader responsible for the "economic miracle"
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Konrad Adenauer
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A civil war in _____ in 1946 contributed to tensions between the Soviet Union and Great Britain
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Greece
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The Marshall Plan was designed to
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restore the economic stability of European nations after World War II
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US fears abaout the spread of communism were increased ____ became a communist nation in 1949
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China
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Which of the following nations was NOT an original member of NATO?
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Spain
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WHich of the following nations was a member of the Warsaw Pact?
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Poland
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When the Soviet Union launched the Sputnik I satellite in 1957, many Americans feared that
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the SOviet Union was ahead of the US in the production of missiles
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Th Bay of Pigs refers to
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a US attempt to overthrow the CUban government
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Communist leader ____ initiated the "Prague Spring" with a series of reforms in Czechoslovakia in 1968
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Alexander Dubcek
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The US senator responsible for the anti-communist movement known as teh "red scare" was
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Joseph McCarthy
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In 1970, four students at ____ were killed by the Ohio National Guard during an antiwar demonstration
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Kent State University
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Soviet leader who supported intervention if communism was threatened
|
Leonid Brezhnev
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president who called the Soviet Union an "evil empire"
|
Ronald Reagan
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Soviet leader who initiated perestroika
|
Mikhail Gorbachev
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Russian president who vowed to end the rebellion in Chechnya
|
Vladimir Putin
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American president who supported NATO attacks against Serbia
|
Bill Clinton
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East German leader against whose regime began the demonstrations that ended in the fall of the Berlin Wall
|
Erich Honecker
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nationalized major French banks and industries
|
Francois Mitterand
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canceleld US participation in the 1980 Symmer Olympic Games
|
Jimmy Carter
|
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leader of Iran when 53 Americans were taken hostage there
|
Ayatollah Khomeini
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resigned from office to avoid Impeachment
|
Richard Nixon
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In political history, the term "detente" refers to
|
improved relations between the US and the Soviet Union in the 1970's
|
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_____ and _____ weakened the Soviet economy during Brezhnev's leadership.
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a weak collective farming system; a corrupt government bureaucracy
|
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One of the most serious problems facing Gorbachev's reforms was
|
the multiethnic republics
|
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The polish national trade union solidarity was founded by
|
Lech Walesa
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Reforms began in Romania after ____ was removed from power
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Nicolae Ceausescu
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Serbian leader Slobodan Milosevic rejected efforts to creat independent states from the former Yugoslav republics because
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he argued that Servian minorities in other republics would be oppressed
|
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one of teh European Union's first goals was teh establishment of
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a common European currency
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Margaret Thatcher resigned after her plan to ____ was rejected.
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replace local property taxes with a national flat rate tax
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The North American Free Trade Agreement sought to
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establish cooperative trade guidelines between Canada, the US, and MeExico
|
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Voters in ____ chose not to secede from the Canadian union in 1995
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Quebec
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nation in which vast new oil reserves were discovered in the 1970s
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Mexico
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famous poet from Chile
|
Gabriela Mistral
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nation whose government was overthrown by the Sandinistas
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Nicaragua
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Cuban dictator overthrown by Fidel Castro
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Fulgencio Batista
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nation placed under a US trade embargo in 1960
|
Cuba
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Communist nation that supported the Peruvian guerrilla group Shining Path
|
China
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winner of the Nobel Prize for literature in 1982
|
Garbriel Garcia Marquez
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nation that suffered years of sever inflation after an "economic miracle"
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Brazil
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Latin American leader who declared himself a marxist in December 1961
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Fidel Castro
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nation formerly ruled by Manuel Noriega
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Panama
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After World War II, many Latin American nations suffered economic difficulties because of
|
overdependence on foreign nations and a dramatic increase in population
|
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Latin American _____ were strongly influenced by international styles after World War II
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art and architecture
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Early in the twentieth century, the government of ____ was dominated by the Institutional Revolutionary Party
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Mexico
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What significant event occurred on January 1, 1959?
|
Cuba's government was overthrown by Casto's forces
|
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Revolutionary leader Che Guevara was killed while fighting in which nation?
|
Bolivia
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The Sandinistas lost power to ____ after free elections in 1990
|
Violeta Barrios de Chamorro
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Working class people supported Juan Peron because he
|
encouraged the growth of labor unions and increased job benefits
|
|
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the military conflict over the Falkland Islands 1982 involved
|
Great Britain and Argentina
|
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General ____ overthrew Salvador Allende to become military dictator of CHile in 1973
|
Augusto Pinochet
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the government of ____ has been heavily influenced by drug cartels and cocain production
|
Colombia
|
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nation in which the African National Congress was formed in 1912
|
South Africa
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Israeli prime minister involved in the Camp David Accords treaty
|
Menachem Begin
|
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President of Tanzania who advocated an "African form of socialism
|
Julius Nyerere
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ruled by terror and repression in Uganda in the 1970s
|
Idi Amin
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location of a brutal war between the Hutu and Tutsi tribes
|
Rwanda
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leader of Ghana when it became first African nation to gain independence from Brtain
|
Kwame Nkrumah
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leader of Iraq who invaded Kuwait
|
Saddam Hussein
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region declared an independent state by the Ibo people during a civil war in Nigeria
|
Biafra
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Egyptian author of the Arab work Cairo Trilogy
|
Naguib Mahfouz
|
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president of Egypt during the Suez War
|
Gamal Abdel nasser
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The African National Congress called for armed resistance against the white South African government after the arrest of their leader, ___, in 1962
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Nelson Mandela
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Most leaders of the newly independent african nations came from
|
the urban middle class
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Pan africanism promotes the view that all
|
black africans share a common identity
|
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The organization of African unity has contributed to unity among African nations by
|
settling border disputes
|
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The economies of many African nations have suffered because those nations are forced to import ____ from Western nations like the US
|
technology
|
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South African bishop ____ won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1984
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Desmond TUtu
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The united nations divided Palestine into a Jewish state and an Arab state in
|
1948
|
|
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The United Arabic Republic was formed by a union between which two nations?
|
Egypt and Syria
|
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The Camp David Accords led to a peace treaty between Israel and which nation?
|
Egypt
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Muslim leaders like the Ayatollah Khomeini opposed the shah of Iran becasue they
|
felt the shah promoted a culture of greed and materialism
|
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US president at the beginning of the Korean War
|
Harry Truman
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Philippine leader accused of involvement in the killing of a political opponent
|
Ferdinand Marcos
|
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leader of the Vietminh resistance group
|
Ho Chi Minh
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Nationalist government of china leader who fled to Taiwan
|
Chiang Kaishek
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US general who governed Japan after World War II
|
Douglas MacArthur
|
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The little red book described
|
mao Zedong's plans to create a proletarian culture
|
|
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The Four Olds attacked by the Red Guards were
|
old ideas, old culture, old customs, old habits
|
|
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The Four Modernizations policy advocated by Deng Xiaoping focused on developments in
|
industry, agriculture, technology, and defense
|
|
|
The Tiananmen Square demonstrations took place in the Chinese city of
|
Beijing
|
|
|
The 38th parallel marked the boundary between
|
North and South Korea
|
|
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In the early 1970s, the Chinese government decided to improve relations with the US because
|
China faced a serious security threat from the Soviet Union
|
|
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The peoplel of Pakistan are primarily members of the _____religion
|
Muslim
|
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The republic of Indonesia was formerly a colony of which nation
|
the Netherlands
|
|
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The term zaibatsu refers to
|
the large business conglomerates in Japan
|
|
|
Which of the following nations is NOT one of the ASian tigers
|
Japan
|
|
|
US president involved in the founding of the United Nations
|
Franklin Delano Roosevelt
|
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|
author of Silent Spring
|
Rachel Carson
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nation in which civil war led to over one million deaths by starvation in th 1980s
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Sudan
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gases used in aerosol cans and refrigeration equipment
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chlorofluorocarbons
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one of several nations that are permanent members of the United Nations SEcurity Council
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France
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author of Creating Alternative futures
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Hazel Henderson
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military mission in this nation led to questions about the effectiveness of United Nations peacekeeping forces
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Somalia
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gas responsible for the greenhouse effect
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carbon dioxide
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American educator active in ecouraging existence of nongovernmental organizations
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Elise Boulding
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one of the first astronauts on the moon
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Neil Armstrong
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The book Silent Spring gave rise to a new field of science called
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ecology
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Tropical rain forests cover only 6 percent of the earth's surface, but they support ____ of the world's plant and animal species
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50 percent
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Acid rain results from
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the mixture of sulfur produced by factories with moisture in the air
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The Exxon Valdez was involved in
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a major oil spill in Alaska
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A major environmental conference known as the Earth Summit was held in 1992 in which city
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Rio de Janeiro
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American astronauts first landed on the moon in which year?
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1969
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According to estimates by the United nations, the world's population could reach _____ by the year 2050
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9 billion
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The term "green revolution" refers to
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the development of new strains of grain that have higher yields
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In 1986, a nuclear explosion at ____ released radiation that killed hundreds of people
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Chernobyl
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The United Nations was founded in 1945 in which city?
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New York City
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