World History Final(Russian Rev.-Fascism)

Front 1

Tsar Alexander III

Back 1

succeeded father in 1881

Strengthened:
Autocracy, Orthodoxy, nationality


Anyone who questioned the above was tagged as dangerous

Oppressive ruler

Front 2

Tsar Nicolas II

Back 2

Suceeded Alexander III in 1894

resisted change

Front 3

Rasputin

Back 3

Holy Man

Czarina Alexandra allowed him to make key political decisions.

Front 4

Duma

Back 4

Russia's 1st parliment

Nic. II approved its creation, resistively, in . dissolved after 10 weeks.

corrupt/opposed change

murdered by group of nobles

Front 5

Bolsheviks

Back 5

Extremist revolutionaries led by Lenin.

Willing to sacrifice everything to radical change

Front 6

Vladimir Lenin

Back 6

Leader of Bolsheviks

Escaped arrest by tsarists by fleeing to western Europe until return was safe.

Front 7

February Revolution

Back 7

After riots over shortage of bread and fuel escalated to a general uprising, Tsar Nic. was forced to abdicate the throne.

End of Romanov rule in Russia.

Front 8

October Revolution

Back 8

Bolshevik Revolution

Armed Bolsheviks(factory workers) stormed the winter palace in Petrograd.

They arrested and replaced government offices and leaders of the provisional gov.
Lenin became gen. secratary

Front 9

To the Left

Back 9

A la izquierda

Front 10

Treaty Ports

Back 10

?

Front 11

May 4th Movement

Back 11

Demonstration caused by Treaty of Versailles not returning control of china to the Chinese.

Not revolution but showed people's commitment to establishing a strong, modern nation

Front 12

Kuomingtang

Back 12

Chinese nationalist party

Front 13

Communist party

Back 13

Rival party to Kuomingtang

headed by Mao Zedong

Supported by peasants

Front 14

Mao Zedong

Back 14

Founder and leader of the Chinese Communist party

Front 15

Jiang Jieshi

Back 15

Head of kuomingtang

Front 16

Manchuria

Back 16

Industrialized region of China in the N.E..

Controlled by Japan

Front 17

Rowlett Act

Back 17

A law the British passed, to curb dissent, in 1919 that allowed protesters to be jailed without a trial for up to 2 years.

Front 18

Amritsar Massacre

Back 18

After Indians and Muslims flocked to Amritsar to protest the Rowlett Act by praying and fasting, British general Dyer ordered his troops to fire into the crowd without warning.
400 Indians were killed/1,200 wounded

Front 19

Mohandas Gandhi

Back 19

leader of Indian Independence Movement

spread policy of non-cooperation

Front 20

Muhammad Ali Jinnah

Back 20

?

Front 21

Muslim League

Back 21

nationalist group

Front 22

Indian National Congress

Back 22

Group formed to rid India of Foreign rule.

Front 23

Salt March

Back 23

After the passing of the Salt Act which outlawed the buying of salt from any non-governement source, Gandhi and his followers walked along the coast and began making their own salt.

Front 24

"Home Spun"

Back 24

Boycott of British cloth.

Gandhi urged Indians to weave their own cloth.

Sale of British cloth drastically dropped as a result.

Front 25

Nonviolence

Back 25

Resisting by not cooperating

Front 26

Civil Disobedience

Back 26

Deliberate and public refusal to obey an unjust law.

Front 27

Demand

Back 27

The need/desire to buy a product/service

Front 28

Franklin Roosevelt

Back 28

American president elected during Great Depression

Front 29

Inflation

Back 29

When the value of currency decreases

Front 30

New Deal

Back 30

Roosevelt's program of reform

cash injection

Create new jobs in
Public Works:
Golden Gate Bridge
Highways
Hoover Dam

Front 31

Supply

Back 31

Production/availability of a product/service

Front 32

Unemployment

Back 32

When people have no jobs.

Front 33

Vicious Cycle

Back 33

People are poor and unemployed so fewer products are bought and companies fire workers to compensate for lower revenue. Some companies go out of business.

Front 34

Virtuous Cycle

Back 34

loop of prosperity leading to more prosperity:

People are employed and spend money that goes into paying others salaries and they spend more money.

Front 35

Weimar Republic

Back 35

Germany's new democratic government after WWI.

Front 36

Fascism

Back 36

Militant Political movement

emphasized loyalty to the state and obedience to the leader.

Front 37

Black Shirts

Back 37

Mussolini's goon squad.
Their campaign of terror weakened rival parties (communists and socialists)

Front 38

Adolf Hitler

Back 38

Nazi dictator

jailed for trying to seize power. Wrote Mein Kampf in jail.
In 1932 conservatives pressured President Hindenburg into naming Hitler chancellor. Rose in power by stirring fear in communists.

Front 39

Benito Mussolini

Back 39

Italian Fascist leader

Front 40

Fasces

Back 40

Roman Symbol of power and jurisdiction.

Gets strength from group of birch rods assembled around an axe.

Front 41

lebenstraum

Back 41

Living space

Front 42

Nazi Party

Back 42

Nationalist Socialist German Worker's Party.

Right-Wing political group that rose to power in Germany. It wanted to overturn the treaty of Versailles and combat communism.

Front 43

Scapegoat

Back 43

to blame someone for a fault that is not theirs. In Europe, Jews.

Front 44

SS

Back 44

Elite Nazi police unit

Front 45

"Island Hopping"

Back 45

Gen. Douglas MacArthur's term for jumping past Japanese strong points and then seizing islands that were closer to japan but more heavily defended.

Front 46

1 September 1939

Back 46

Hitler's surprise Blitzkrieg attack on Poland.

Front 47

7 December 1941

Back 47

Japan's surprise attack on Pearl Harbor.

Front 48

Apeasment

Back 48

Britain's initial stance of giving in to the aggressor in order to keep peace.

Front 49

Ardennes Forest

Back 49

Heavily wooded area in northeastern France and Luxemburg. German tanks and troop trucks managed to squeeze "between the Maginot Line" via the Ardennes Forest.

Front 50

Atomic Bomb

Back 50

New very powerful bomb.
Dropped on Hiroshima(killed 73,000), then Nagasaki(killed 37,500)

1 month later the Japanese surrender

Front 51

Balkans

Back 51

?

Front 52

Battle of Britain

Back 52

German attacks in Britain.
1. Ger. bombed british cities
2. Britain had 2 secret weapons.
1. Radar
2. stolen Enigma machine

Front 53

Battle of Stalingrad

Back 53

(1942) After German troops take Stalingrad, the soviets surrounded the city, cut off all supplies. The frost-bitten, starved german troops surrendered. 90,000 was all that there was left from an army of 330,000 Nazi soldiers.

Front 54

Battle of the Bulge

Back 54

(1944) German counterattack on an 85-mile front in the Ardennes. Ger. tanks broke through the allied line, but american troops eventually pushed them back and won.

Front 55

Bernard Montgomery

Back 55

English general sent to take control of British forces in North Africa. He launched 'Operation Torch' in 1942.

Front 56

Blitz

Back 56

lightning

Front 57

Blitzkrieg

Back 57

"Lightning War"

Arial Bombings
Tanks Invade
Infantry retains newly conquered land

Front 58

Caucasus Mountains

Back 58

?

Front 59

Coral Sea

Back 59

(1942)Allies defended base in New Guinea. Neither side fired shots, instead planes launched from carriers did all the fighting.

Stopped Japanese southward expansion for the first time.

Front 60

D-Day

Back 60

Allied invasion of Normandy on June 6,1944. Allied fought onto a 60-mile stretch of beach in Normandy. The germans were armed with machine guns, rockets, and cannons, and were protected by thick concrete walls.

Front 61

Dunkirk

Back 61

(1940)After being surrounded by German forces, the Allies were rescued from the beaches of Dunkirk by 850 ships sent across the Channel by Britain.

Front 62

Dwight D. Eisenhower

Back 62

American General leading 107,000 troops in Operation Torch.

Front 63

Enigma

Back 63

German code making machine.

A stolen one was brought to England in 1938/

Front 64

Erwin Rommel

Back 64

German Commander of the Afrika Korps(tanks) in Libya

Front 65

Bernard Montgomery

Back 65

Lead British forces in the battle of El Alamein

Front 66

Blitz

Back 66

German aerial attacks on Britain

Front 67

Caucasus mountains

Back 67

Location of Russian oil deposits. Germans attack this location

Front 68

Battle of Britain

Back 68

A series of battles between Germany and Britain. Fought over Britain in 1940-1941. Mainly with planes

Front 69

Battle of the Bulge

Back 69

a 1942-1943 battle of World War II, in which Germans capture the city of Stalingrad in the Soviet union

Front 70

Franklin Roosevelt (WWII)

Back 70

President during the time of WWII

Front 71

Guadalcanal

Back 71

An island that fell to Japanese conquest.

Front 72

Hiroshima

Back 72

City in Japan that was devastated by the atomic bomb

Front 73

Italy

Back 73

First fascist government in Europe. Lead by Benito Mussolini

Front 74

Iwo Jima

Back 74

City from which they launched the plane that dropped the atomic bomb on Hiroshima

Front 75

Kiev

Back 75

One of the key cities Hitler was planning to capture due to it's large supplies. He succeeded.

Front 76

Leningrad

Back 76

Started on September 8th, 1941. Russian soldiers held out long enough that Hitler turned his attention to Moscow.

Front 77

Luftwaffe

Back 77

German Air force

Front 78

Maginot Line

Back 78

Mountain valley that divided France and Germany

Front 79

Midway Island

Back 79

Island in the pacific. Turning point for American soldiers.

Front 80

Moscow

Back 80

Russian capital. Hitler started march on it on October 2nd, 1941.

Front 81

Munich Conference

Back 81

1938 meeting of representatives of Britain, France, Italy, and Germany. Britain and France allowed Germany to annex Czechoslovakia in return for Hitler's pledge to respect borders.

Front 82

Nagasaki

Back 82

One of the two cities on which an atomic bomb was dropped.

Front 83

Non-aggression pact

Back 83

pact that Stalin and Hitler agreed to in secret.

Front 84

North Africa

Back 84

Offensive in which Italy and Germany moved eastward, but were then repelled back.

Front 85

Oil embargo

Back 85

We asked for oil, they gave us money

Front 86

Okinawa

Back 86

One of the biggest and bloodiest battles. USA won.

Front 87

Operation Barbarossa

Back 87

The operation that involved the invasion of Russia

Front 88

Pearl Harbor

Back 88

Attacked on December 7th, 1941

Front 89

Poland

Back 89

Germany and Russia invaded and conquered. Split it into east and west.

Front 90

Radar

Back 90

One of the advantages the US had against the Axis powers. Could tell where enemy positions were.

Front 91

Rhineland

Back 91

Land that Germany conquered. Britain and France didn't do anything.

Front 92

RAF

Back 92

British air force

Front 93

Sudetenland

Back 93

Land that was given to Germany if they stopped conquest.

Front 94

Suez Canal

Back 94

Canal that played a big part in trade.

Front 95

Winston Churchill

Back 95

Prime minister of Britain

Front 96

Final Solution

Back 96

A plot that planned out the genocide of the Jewish people

Front 97

Race struggle

Back 97

When two races fight amongst each other

Front 98

Adolf Eichmann

Back 98

Higher-up Nazi official. Suggested Zyklon b poison gas

Front 99

Anti-judaism

Back 99

A movement against Jews as a "race." no good reason.

Front 100

Anti-semitism

Back 100

A movement against Semites, such as Jews and Arabs. No good reason.

Front 101

Argentina

Back 101

Adolf Eichmann fled here, as it had a fascist government and was lenient to Nazi war criminals

Front 102

Aryan

Back 102

The "superior race" according to Hitler. Characterized by blonde hair and blue eyes.

Front 103

Auschwitz

Back 103

The biggest Nazi death camp. Killed 6,000 Jews a day

Front 104

Einsatzgruppen

Back 104

Hitler's execution squads. Primary task was to annihilate Jews, Gypsies, and Soviet police commissars

Front 105

Ex post facto

Back 105

"After the fact." Used in argument for Adolf Eichmann. "when he committed these crimes, the state of Israel hadn't been founded yet."

Front 106

Extradition

Back 106

The surrender of an alleged fugitive from justice or criminal by one state, nation or authority to another.

Front 107

extraterritoriality

Back 107

an exemption of foreign residents from the laws of a country

Front 108

genocide

Back 108

The planned death of an entire race

Front 109

ghetto

Back 109

city neighborhoods in which European Jews were forced to live

Front 110

Madagascar

Back 110

Germany wanted to deport all Jews and make a Jewish state out of it.

Front 111

"Mein Kampf"

Back 111

lit. "my struggle." A book that Hitler authored in prison.

Front 112

Milgram experiment

Back 112

an experiment that proved lieutenants and soldiers to not be completely guilty of genocide. A volunteer is told that on other side of glass, another person is hooked up to an electric machine that, when he presses a button, will administer an electric shock and volunteer must give him an electric shock. In reality, an actor is on other side. When the volunteer protests, the scientist says he must keep doing it. Almost everyone kept doing it, even when lethal

Front 113

Zyklon B

Back 113

Poison gas that killed hundreds of thousands, if not, millions of Jews in death camps.