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71 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is a renaissance man? |
Person that excelled in many fields- Charming, witty, well-educated, artist, writer, athlete Upper class, educated in classics, charming Expected to inspire are but not create it |
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What is humanism
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intellectual movement focused on human achievement Humanists suggested that a person could enjoy life without offending God. in middle ages people lived simple lives to [please God |
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Who is Leonardo Da Vinci
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Scientist, medicine, math, sculpture, painter |
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What is Leonardo Da Vinci most remembered for
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Mona Lisa, The Last Supper |
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Who is Michelangelo
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Artist |
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Why is Leonardo Da Vinci known as the first renaissance man
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self educated and a natural genius |
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What are Michelangelo's most famous pieces
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Statue of David, The Sistine Chapel |
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Who is Raphael
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Italian painter and architect |
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What was Raphael most remembered for
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perspective...School of Athens |
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Who is Niccolo Machiavelli
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Author of political guide book |
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What is machiavelli most famous work
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The Prince: how rulers gain and keep power
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How long did it take for the Renaissance ideas and beliefs to move north |
100 years |
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What is Utopia |
better model of a perfect society |
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Who wrote Utopia |
Thomas More |
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What is the significance of Shakespeare in the renaissance |
English playwright who drew inspiration from the classics and whose plays are still very popular today. |
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What are Shakespeares famous pieces |
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Who was Johann Gutenburg? What is he credited for creating? |
Around 1440 Johann Gutenburg (Germany) invented the printing press with moveable type, allowing Renaissance ideas to spread even faster. |
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How did the printing press change life for people in the renaissance ( 3 ways) |
Books are more available- cheaper and easier People became more literate or educated The ideas of religious reformers spread faster |
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What were some causes of the reformation |
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What were some criticisms of the church |
1. Corrupt leaders, wanted more $$$$ 2. Poorly educated/corrupt priests and monks 3. The sale of indulgences- a pardon for sins committed during a persons lifetime, many Christians did not like this at all!! |
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Who is Martin Luther? Why did he start the reform? |
In 1517, Martin Luther, monk/ teacher from Germany, was furious to see people buying indulgences rather than repent their sins. He decided to take a stand against the church & indulgences. |
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What are indulgences |
A pardon for sins committed during a persons lifetime; selling a way to heaven |
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What were Luther's main beliefs? How did he tell people about his beliefs? |
After criticizing indulgences, Luther wanted full reform of the Church based on three main ideas: 1. all church teachings should be based directly on the bible 2. all people in faith were equal 3. Lutheran's start using the name protestant because they were protesting the papal authority Many saw Luther's reform as the answer to church corruption Printing press |
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How did the Catholic Church respond to Martin Luther and his 95 theses? explain what happened |
People were quick to jump on Luther's ideas and Luther became a serious threat to the pope. Church called him to recant and he said no In 1520, Pope Leo X excommunicated Luther Emperor Charles V also opposed Luther, and through the Edict of Worms declared Luther an outlaw and heretic |
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Who was Henry the VIII |
King of England; created religious turmoil when split from Catholic church to create the Church of England; Married six times |
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Who was Henry VIII first wife? What could she not do for the throne? |
Catherine of Argon, widow of brother; she could not produce a male heir |
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Who was the last of King Henry's children to rule England? |
Elizabeth I; popular and well liked; religious tolerance |
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How did the Anglican Church ( the Church of England) start? |
Created by King Henry VIII when he split from the Catholic church; Act of Supremacy |
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Why did Henry want to get an annulment |
Wanted to marry Anne Boleyn who promised a male heir to the throne |
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Who is Anne Boleyn? What happens to her? |
King Henry VIII wants to marry her to get a male heir to the throne. Splits from the Catholic church, creates church of England; married and has a daughter; beheaded for witchcraft |
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Who was Mary Tudor? What were her religious goals? What was her nickname? Why? |
Daughter of Catherine, First wife of King Henry Devout Catholic and wants to make England Catholic again Gets nicknamed "Bloody Mary" She dies |
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Who was Elizabeth Tudor? What was her religious goal? |
Daughter of Anne Boleyn, 2nd wife to King Henry very popular in England restores Protestantism Her policy?? Religious compromise |
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What was the major conflict in England? |
Religious hatred between Protestants and Catholics |
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What is the focus of the Catholic Reformation? Where did they agree on the doctrines? |
Millions were still loyal to the Catholic Church, but the reformation prompted a movement called the Catholic Reformation which emerged to help Catholics remain loyal Protestant churches flourished and new denominations developed The Catholic Church became more unified after the Council of Trent's doctrines were established Still hatred between Catholics and Protestants |
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What is the legacy of the Protestant Reformation? |
The reformation set the stage for the modern world, and culturally divided Europeans Protestant churches flourished and new denominations developed The Catholic Church became more unified after the Council of Trent's doctrines were established Still hatred between Catholics and Protestants |
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Define Renaissance |
a period in Europe, lasting from 1300-1600, during which renewed interest in classical culture led to far reaching changes and creativity in art, writing, learning, and thought. Renaissance means rebirth, or new beginnings. |
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Define Vernacular |
native language |
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Define Act of Supremacy |
Parliament passed, said that Henry was " the only supreme head on Earth and of the Church of England" |
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What is Feudalism? |
was a political system in which nobles are granted the use of lands that legally belong to their king, in exchange for their loyalty, military services, and protection of the people who live on the land. |
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Draw and label a feudal pyramid, each ranking , what do they give and recieve |
Pope: given tithe to pay for churches, helps homeless King/Queen:given loyalty, knights fight, pays tithe Lord: provides knightsto fight, given estates, fiefs Knights: provides protection, given land Peasants/Serf: provides service, given shelter, food |
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What was excommunication |
banishment from the church, to gain power over the kings |
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What was interdict |
banishment to the entire kingdom |
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Why were these two punishments considered to be the worst for Medieval Christians |
They were banned from the church and could not practice any sacraments |
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What does crusade mean |
cruces means cross |
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Why did the crusades |
In 1093, Byzantine emperor asks for help fighting the turks (invaded land) Pope Urban II issues a call for a crusade- a holy war military expeditions to regain the holy land 1096-1204 |
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What were some negative results of the Crusades |
Left a legacy of religious hatred- as both Christians and Muslims committed horrible acts against each other in the name of religion |
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What were 2 positive results of the Crusades |
Increased trade- returning crusaders brought new fabrics, spices, perfumes, and more from the middle east- also opened trade routes New goods were bought in trade; apricots, lemons, melons, rice, sugar, silks, spices, perfumes, pearls, and ivory Wider world view- made people realize that there was much more to the world than they knew, like India and China |
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Define bubonic plague |
a disease spread by fleas on rats and hit Asia, North Africa, and Europe |
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Another name for bubonic plague
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Black Death |
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Why did the bubonic plague spread so quickly across Europe
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At this time rats infested the cities, ships, and even the homes of the rich and powerful causing the plague to spread rapidly It was a terrible way to die- very painful death |
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How many people died from the bubonic plague
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1 in 3 people died ( about 25 million from this disease in Europe worse than any war they had seen |
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What was the economic impact of the Bubonic Plague |
Trade declined, prices rose Hurts economy- no people to work, low production |
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What was the hundred years war
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War broke out between France and England- power conflict |
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What events mark the end of the middle ages
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Hundred years war broke out between France and England- power conflict the end of the war is considered the end of the Middle Ages because it ended the religious devotion and the code of chivalry |
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What are the three major groups of christianity
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Roman Catholic Protestant Eastern Orthodox |
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Christianity is based on the life and teachings of this person
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Jesus Christ |
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The sacred text for Islam |
Qur'an |
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What are the five pillars of Islam
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faith prayer almsgiving fasting pilgrimage to mecca |
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"no wind" to extinguish the flames of a candle & burning flame of desire will go out, So when you reach nirvana you are at peace and have no desire ...What is this term
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Nirvana |
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a state of perfect wisdom in which one understands basic truths about the universe
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enlightenment |
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Define Karma
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belief that ones actions have consequences that determine the next life |
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Which three Gods make up the Hindu Trinity
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Brahma Vishnu Shiva |
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Leaders of the Jewish faith means "master"
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Rabbi |
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What are the major Jewish sects
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Reform Orthodox Conservative |
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What is culture
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A people unique way of life, as shown by its tools, customs, arts, and ideas |
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What are two ways to learn about culture
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Observe and imitate the behavior of others directly taught by others |
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What are the five components that make up Culture?
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Laws and Government- rules and policies that organize and structure groups of people Help people cooperate- ways to solve problems unite Provide services- protection, highways, laws to protect your health provide laws- constitution, written plan of government |
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Belief systems |
a set of mutually supported beliefs of any such system can be classified as religious, philosophical, ideological, or a combination of these human/environmental interaction; how humans connect with each other and their surroundings Conflict and cooperation; how groups of people clash or unite during adversity Forces; a person or thing that largely influences the course of history |
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What are five main types of Government
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monarchy- This government has one ruler exercise supreme power through absolute or constitutional control
Democracy- This government is ruled by the people either directly or by a representative Theocracy- This government is ruled by a religious leader and laws often come from religious law Oligarchy- This government gives the appearance that people are in control by holding elections,. However, a small group of people actually hold the power. Totalitarianism- This government controls all aspects of social and economic life |
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Define Monotheism
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worship one God |
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Define Polytheism
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worship more than one God |
