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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what concept did Montesquieu develop and what was the purpose of this concept?
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- separation of powers and checks and balances. - protect the liberties of the people. made sure the government didn't abuse power. |
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what concept did Hobbes develop and what was the purpose of this concept?
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- social contract. - an agreement between ruler and people. |
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what concept did Rousseau develop and what was the purpose of this concept?
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- government should be elected by the people. - general will. - the will of the majority rules. |
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what effect did the enlightenment have on the common people of Europe?
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-very little impact on the lives of the common people.
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thomas Jefferson, author of the ______ was influenced by the ideas of which enlightenment philosopher?
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- declaration of independence. - john Locke. |
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what helped Britain become a global power in the 1700's?
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- powerful navy
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what happened to cause resentment in the 13 English colonies after 1763?
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- great Britain increased its taxes on the 13 colonies in north America to pay for the war.(French and Indian war).
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what role did the salons play during the enlightenment time period?
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- they helped spread enlightenment ideas.
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list the members of each of the three estates in France? |
- 1st estate- clergy. -2nd estate- nobility. -3rd estate- bourgeoisie and peasants. |
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what was the main purpose of the reign of terror? |
- to crush all opposition to the revolution.
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how did the Napoleonic code reflect enlightenment principles? |
- equality before the law. |
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what was the chief goal of the congress of Vienna?
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- achieve a balance of power return the monarchs to the throne conservative.
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why did the congress of Vienna redraw the boundaries of some European countries? |
- surrounded France with strong countries so she won't be aggressive again.
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what were two important power sources during the industrial revolution? |
- steam engine -electricity |
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why was coal important for the industrial revolution?
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- coal is used to heat water(steam engine) - coal is used to remove iron from iron ore. |
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what was the enclosure movement?
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-wealthy farmers kick off small farmers, enclose lands and used new methods to farm. crop rotation, seed drill, fertilizer --- increased food production. (led to urbanization).
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which group benefited most from the industrial revolution?
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- the middle class.
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what was the impact of the industrial revolution on women?
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- they got more rights.
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what were the working conditions like in factories and mines?
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-bad. -dirty. -low pay. -long hours. -dangerous. |
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explain why Britain became an industrial power?
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- natural resources (coal iron), capital (money to invest), stable government, colonies (resources, labor, new markets), population increase (laborers and consumers).
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who were the leading industrial nations by 1900? |
-Germany and the united states.
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what discoveries resulted in improved sanitation and living conditions?
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-germ theories.
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what were living conditions like in cities for the poor?
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- poor, crowded living conditions (tenements).
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what was the result of the discovery that germs caused disease?
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- improved sanitation (sewer system).
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which class grew the fastest during the 1800's?
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-middle class.
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which class believed that "a woman's place is in the home" (1850)?
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- middle class.
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what was Darwin's theory of evolution?
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- all species evolve over time. survival of the fittest ( used to justify imperialism).
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what were the goals of the conservative ideology in the early 1800's?
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-(no change). -keep the monarchs on the European thrones. |
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what group generally supported nationalist goals?
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-liberals and ethnic groups.
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the desire to form your own country based on a similar language, religion?
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-based upon a commonality.
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traditional economy?
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-think subsistence agriculture (people decide what food to grow for the good of the group). |
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command economy?
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- government controls the factors of production. government decides what to produce, how it is produced, and for whom to produce goods for.
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market economy (capitalism)?
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- the united states- people/factory owners decide what to produce based on consumer demand.
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mixed economy?
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-combination of 2 of the 3 economies (usually command and market) united states 80% market 20% command (post office, military people).
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mercantilism?
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-(export more than you import) mother country benefits.
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laissez faire?
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- Adam smith -little or no government interference in business activity supports capitalism. |
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list and describe the four factors of production.
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-C- capital - $ to invest in business activity (buying resources, land for factory, machines, paying workers). -E- entrepreneur - manager, risk taker. they control the factors of production. -L- land - land for natural resources, transport material and finished goods. build a factory, store. -L- labor - using humans and machines in the factory setting to produce goods or to provide a service. |
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how did the industrial revolution encourage imperialism?
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- it created a need for new markets (to sell) and materials to acquire.
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where did most of the profits from the global economy that emerged in the early 1800's to go?
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- to the imperial power (the mother country).
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what were the political consequences of imperialism?
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-the loss of political freedom for the indigenous people.
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how did western powers believe that conquered lands should "modernize"?
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- they should modernize in the manner of the mother country.
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which nations received the majority of profits from imperialism?
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- European nations (mother country).
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list and describe the M.A.I.N. causes of world war 1.
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- M- militarism - preparing ones military for war. -A- alliance system - support each other in a conflict or time of need. -I- imperialism - the domination of one country or region over another country. -N- nationalism - desire to form your own country out of an empire. |
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why did Germany join the triple alliance?
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-to protect itself against Britain.
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which country controlled Bosnia at the beginning of world war 1?
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Austria- Hungarian empire.
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how did world war 1 impact the European economy?
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- it drained the treasuries of Europe.
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what new weapon helped turn the war into a global conflict?
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- the submarine (unrestricted submarine warfare).
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how was the ottoman empire involved in world war 1?
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- it joined the triple alliance (central powers).
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how did the trench warfare make gaining territory difficult?
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- soldiers were protected.
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what new weapons made the western front a stalemate?
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- machine gun.
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what was the role of woman during the war?
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- they kept their nations economies going during the war.
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why was world war 1 more destructive than earlier wars?
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- modern weapons.
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who took Russia's place when they withdrew from the world war 1?
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- the united states.
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what were the fourteen points?
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- a plan for the post war world (Woodrow Wilson's).
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what effect did the treaty of Versailles have on Germany?
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- it left a legacy of bitterness and hatred.
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parliamentary democracy?
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- the leader is the prime minister. - the prime minister is first elected to parliament, parliament then chooses a leader out of the majority party. |
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absolute monarchy?
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-the absolute monarch (king or queen) has total control of the government and the people. - the people have no say in the government. - the monarch rules alone. |
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presidential democracy (power comes from the _____ of the people)?
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-consent.
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what is a credible source?
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- the reader can trust, backed up w evidence.
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what is a primary source?
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- original source, artifact, document, diary, recording.
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what is a secondary source?
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- created later by someone who did not experience it first hand.
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