World History Final

Front 1

Frederick Barbossa

Back 1

Holy Roman Emperor, “Red Beard”

Fought to bring wealthy cities of Northern Italy under his control

Front 2

John Locke

Back 2

said people have natural rights that the government should protect

Front 3

Montesquieu

Back 3

said we need separation of powers, three branches, checks and balances

Front 4

Rousseau

Back 4

wrote The Social Contract, believed government should be limited

Front 5

Habeas Corpus

Back 5

No person can be held in prison without firstbeing charged with a specific crime

Front 6

lay investiture

Back 6

appointmentof people outside the church to the position of bishop

Front 7

schism

Back 7

split

Front 8

Inquisition

Back 8

an ecclesiastical tribunal established by Pope Gregory IX circa 1232 for the suppression of heresy. It was active chiefly in northern Italy and southern France, becoming notorious for the use of torture. In 1542 the papal Inquisition was re-established to combat Protestantism, eventually becoming an organ of papal government.

Front 9

Vernacular

Back 9

everyday language of ordinary people

Front 10

Illumination

Back 10

artistic decoration of books

Front 11

Inflation

Back 11

rising prices

Front 12

Quran

Back 12

holy book of Islam

Front 13

Mosque

Back 13

Muslim place of worship

Front 14

Jihad

Back 14

struggle in God's service

Front 15

Sharia

Back 15

body of law in Islam

Front 16

Caliph

Back 16

successor to Muhammad

Front 17

Minaret

Back 17

slender tower of a mosque

Front 18

Sultan

Back 18

ruler who controlled Baghdad

Front 19

Calligraphy

Back 19

art of beautiful handwriting

Front 20

Rajah

Back 20

local Hindu leader

Front 21

Janizary

Back 21

soldier in the elite force of the Ottoman army

Front 22

Shah

Back 22

title of a Safavid king

Front 23

Humanism

Back 23

an intellectual movement at the heart of the Renaissance

Front 24

Patron

Back 24

financial supporters of the arts

Front 25

Utopian

Back 25

any society that is ideal

Front 26

Indulgences

Back 26

sold to lessen the amount of time a soul would have to spend in purgatory

Front 27

Predestination

Back 27

the idea that God had long ago determined who would gain salvation

Front 28

Compromise

Back 28

acceptable middle ground

Front 29

Ghetto

Back 29

separate quarters of a city in which the Jews were forced to live

Front 30

Hypothesis

Back 30

possible explanation

Front 31

Cartographer

Back 31

mapmaker

Front 32

Circumnavigate

Back 32

to sail around the world

Front 33

Plantation

Back 33

large estate run by the owner often using slave labor

Front 34

Monopoly

Back 34

exclusive control over a business or industry

Front 35

Outpost

Back 35

distant area controlled by another country

Front 36

Sepoys

Back 36

Indian troops

Front 37

Immunity

Back 37

resistance to disease

Front 38

Mutiny

Back 38

revolt

Front 39

Natural rights

Back 39

right belonging to a human from birth

Front 40

Laissez Faire

Back 40

businesses should operate with little or no government intervention

Front 41

Baroque

Back 41

grand, ornate style that glorified historic battles or the lives of saints

Front 42

Rococo

Back 42

style that was lighter, more elegant and charming than baroque

Front 43

Federal Republic

Back 43

government in which power is divided between the national and state governments

Front 44

Heliocentric

Back 44

sun-centered model of the univere

Front 45

Encomienda

Back 45

Rightto demand labor or tribute from Native Americans

Front 46

Revenue

Back 46

income

Front 47

Privateer

Back 47

Pirate who operated with government approval

Front 48

inflation

Back 48

rise of prices

Front 49

Muhammad

Back 49

"The Prophet"; the founder of Islam

Front 50

Ibn Rushd

Back 50

put all knowledge except the Quran to the test of reason

Front 51

Ibn Khaldun

Back 51

set standards for the scientific study of history

Front 52

Akbar

Back 52

chief builder of the Mughal empire; Babur's grandson

Front 53

Leonardo

Back 53

painted the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper; successful at a variety of subjects

Front 54

Michelangelo

Back 54

sculptor and painter known as a melancholy genius; painted the Sistene Chapel in Rome

Front 55

Machiavelli

Back 55

wrote The Prince; stressed that the end justifies the means

Front 56

Gutenberg

Back 56

invented the printing press

Front 57

Erasmus

Back 57

Dutch priest and humanest; helped spread humanism to a wilder public

Front 58

Martin Luther

Back 58

monk who wrote the 95 Theses protesting actions of the Church

Front 59

John Calvin

Back 59

Protestant reformer who established a theocracy in Geneva

Front 60

Henry VIII

Back 60

made the break from the Catholic Church in England; had six wives!

Front 61

Ignatius of Loyola

Back 61

Spanish nights who started the Jesuits

Front 62

Copernicus

Back 62

Polish scholar who proposed heliocentric theory

Front 63

Galileo

Back 63

assembled an astronomical telescope; put on trial during the Inquisition and labeled a heretic

Front 64

Isaac Newton

Back 64

discovered the force of gravity

Front 65

Vasco da Gama

Back 65

Portuguese explorer who led ships around the Cape of Good Hope

Front 66

Hernan Cortes

Back 66

Spanish conquistador who conquered the Aztecs

Front 67

Francisco Pizarro

Back 67

Conquered the Inca empire

Front 68

Suleiman

Back 68

"The Magnificent"; expanded Ottoman rule eastward

Front 69

Dante Alighieri

Back 69

Italian poet; wrote Divine Comedy

Front 70

William the Conqueror

Back 70

Invaded England from Normandy in 1066; established tight feudal system and centralized monarchy in England

Front 71

Common law

Back 71

a legal system based on custom and court rulings

Front 72

Epidemic

Back 72

outbreak of a rapidly spreading disease

Front 73

Scholasticism

Back 73

In medieval Europe, the school of thought that used logic and reason to support Christian belief