World History Explorers

Front 1

Ferdinand of Aragon

Back 1

King of Spain at the end of the Reconquista

Front 2

Mercantilism

Back 2

State of ideal trade relations where country exports more than it imports (thereby profitting)

Front 3

Astrolabe

Back 3

Navigational instrument used to measure the angle of the ship as related to the stars or sun

Front 4

Athalupa

Back 4

Leader of Inca Empire at the time of the Europeans' arrival in the Americas

Front 5

Caravel

Back 5

Ship first built by the Portugese in the 15th century with the latest technology for sailing (lateen sails for tacking against wind, narrow hulls, mutiple masts, broadside guns, etc.)

Front 6

Pedro Cabral

Back 6

Explorer who claimed the coast of South America for Portugal after being blown off course while attempting to sail around the Cape of Good Hope

Front 7

Bullion

Back 7

Gold, Silver and precious metals

Front 8

Prince Henry
"The Navigator"

Back 8

Established a naval school in Portugal in 15th century

Front 9

Ferdinand Magellan

Back 9

Explorer who circumnavigated the tip South America (not Africa)and sailed into the Pacific Ocean toward Asia in 1519

Front 10

Christopher Columbus

Back 10

Explorer who began the process of European conquest of the New World with his discovery of San Salvador in 1492

Front 11

Hernando Cortez

Back 11

Conquitador who subdued the Aztec Empire in the first quarter of the 16th century (early 1500's)

Front 12

Montezuma

Back 12

Leader of Aztec Empire when Europeans arrived ca. 1500

Front 13

Francisco Pizarro

Back 13

Conquistador who subdued the Inca Empire in the early 16th century

Front 14

Vasco da Gama

Back 14

Explorer who found an all water trade route to Ondia when he crossed the Indian Ocean from Africa to India in 1497

Front 15

Jamestown

Back 15

First permanent settlement in North America (1607)

Front 16

Pilgrims

Back 16

English Separatists whocame to America aboard the Mayflower as indentured servants in 1620

Front 17

Amerigo Vespucci

Back 17

Explorer for whom the New World was named because he realized that it was separate from Asia

Front 18

Mulattos

Back 18

People with an African Parent and a European Parent

Front 19

Puritans

Back 19

Settled in Massachusetts in the 17th century in large numbers

Front 20

Italian/Arabian Monopolies

Back 20

Italian Monopoly: on the Mediterranean Sea
Arab Monopoly: on the Red Sea
Both monopolies inhibited trade between India and Western Europe because of heavy taxes on goods

Front 21

Bartholomew Diaz

Back 21

First European to sail to the Cape of Good Hope in 1487-88

Front 22

Reconquista

Back 22

Unification of Spain under Roman Catholic religion/rule (completed in 1492)

Front 23

Mestizos

Back 23

People with an American Indian parent and a European Parent

Front 24

Northwest Passage

Back 24

Nonexistent all water trade route through the Atlantic Ocean to Asia