World History Exam Review - Mr. Cooper

Front 1

TERMS!

Back 1

TERMS!

Front 2

monsoon

Back 2

seasonal wind pattern in southern asia.

Front 3

wergild

Back 3

the amount paid by a wrongdoer to the family of the person he or she had injured.

Front 4

chivalry

Back 4

the code of ethics/conduct for knights. this explains the rules of warfare, respect towards women, and the fact that you must fight for the church.

Front 5

the crusades

Back 5

military expeditions led by christians to regain the holy land from the muslims.

Front 6

guild

Back 6

a business association focused on one craft. in a guild you start as an apprentice, then move up to journeyman (work for wages), then finally move up to master (you must make a masterpeice in your craft).

Front 7

renaissance

Back 7

the rebirth of art, culture, europe, classical civilizations, literature, and knowledge.

Front 8

reformation

Back 8

the protestant reformation was a protest to reform the catholic church.

Front 9

humanism

Back 9

the belief that liberal arts or liberal studies that enabled individuals to reach full potential.

Front 10

vernacular

Back 10

the language spoken (slang terms) in a certain region. example: "y'all" being said in the south.

Front 11

balance of trade

Back 11

the difference in value between what a nation imports (buys) and what it exports (sells) over time.

Front 12

plebians

Back 12

less wealthy landowners. (middle class- merchants, artisans, etc.)

Front 13

patricians

Back 13

wealthy landowners.

Front 14

inflation

Back 14

rapid increase in prices.

Front 15

triangular slave trade

Back 15

made up of europe, africa/asia, and american continents. it involved capturing africans and taking them to the other continents to be traded as property. this resulted in the economic, cultural, and religious collapse of many african societies.

Front 16

balance of power

Back 16

when one country makes sure that no other country gains too much power by siding with and aiding the weaker side.

Front 17

polis

Back 17

the greek city-state.

Front 18

philosophy

Back 18

refers to an organized system of thought. (seekers of wisdom)

Front 19

the thirty years war

Back 19

took place in the holy roman empire and started as a religious confrentation (between protestants and catholics) and then turned political and territorial. all major powers in europe were involved except for england.

Front 20

scientific method

Back 20

systematic procedure for collecting and analyzing data.

Front 21

domino theory

Back 21

the belief that if communism succeeded in one place, the area around it would soon be affected and taken over by communists.

Front 22

marshall plan

Back 22

general george marshall, u.s. secretary of state believed that communism was succesful in all countries with economic problems. therefore, the marshall plan provided $13 billion to rebuild war-torn europe.

Front 23

perestroika

Back 23

the fundamental restructuring of the soviet economy; the policy was introduced by gorbachev.

Front 24

OAS

Back 24

the organization of american states formed in 1948 by the western hemisphere.

Front 25

OPEC

Back 25

Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries. In 1960 several Arab oil producing states formed it to control the price of oil.

Front 26

intifada

Back 26

an uprisisng by the Palestinian Arabs during the 1980's in Israel's territories. They were frustrated by their failure to acheive self rule.

Front 27

Great Leap Forward

Back 27

A program led by Mao in Communist China in 1958 where farms combined into communes. In communes pople lived and worked together.

Front 28

containment

Back 28

a u.s. policy to keep communism within it's existing boundaries and prevent firther soviet aggresive moves.

Front 29

NATO

Back 29

north atlantic treaty organization was formed in april 1949 when a bunch of countries agreed to provide mutual help if any one of them was attacked.

Front 30

common market (EEC)

Back 30

the treaty of rome created the european economic community (also known as the common market). the EEC was a free-trade area made up of six member nations that agreed not to impose import charges on each other's goods.

Front 31

tiananmen square

Back 31

in may 1989, student protesters called for an end to corruption and demanding the resignation of china's communist leaders. deng xiaoping ordered tanks and troops to crush the demonstrators. between 500 and 2,000 were killed and more injured.

Front 32

korean war

Back 32

in august 1945 japan truned over korea to the u.s. and the soviet union. as relations grew worse, two governments emerged in korea: a communist one in the north and an anti-communist one in the south. there were three years of fighting and no final victory before an armistice was signed in 1953.

Front 33

vietnam war

Back 33

vietnam was divided in half (north=communist and south=anti-communist) and in 1965 president johnson sent troops to prevent a total victory for communists. by the 1960s there was a stalemate with no major gains on either side. president nixon reached an agreement with north vietnam and withdrew in 1973; within two years communism had reunited vietnam.

Front 34

global economy

Back 34

developed after world war two, especially in the seventies. in a global economy the production, distribution, and sale of goods is done on a worldwide scale.

Front 35

apatheid

Back 35

"apartness" the system of racial segregation in south africa from the 1950s until 1991.

Front 36

pan-africanism

Back 36

the unity of all black africans, regardless of national boudaries.

Front 37

mikhail gorbachev

Back 37

part of the small group of reformers who emerged fromt he communist party in the 1980s. he preached the need for radical reforms based on restructuring the soviet economy.

Front 38

jaun peron

Back 38

a labor secretary in the agentinian military government who sought to win over laborers and encourage them to join labor unions to increase job benefits.

Front 39

gamal abdel nasser

Back 39

a colonel in egypt who took control of the egyptian government in the early 1950s and went on to seize the suez canal company from the british and french.

Front 40

yasir arafat

Back 40

the leader of the palestine liberation organization who headed the guerilla movement called ah-fatah that began to launch terroist attacks on israeli territory.

Front 41

saddam hussein

Back 41

the hostile leader of iraq since 1979 who used brutal war methods agaisnt iran.

Front 42

osama bin laden

Back 42

came from a welathy family in saudi arabia and used his wealth to support the afghan resistance. he formad al-qaeda ("the base") which recruited muslims to drive westerners out of nations with a largely muslim population.

Front 43

circumnavigate

Back 43

term that refers to the idea of sailing around the globe.

Front 44

prehistory

Back 44

commonly known as the period of time before man kept a written record, or before man developed writing.

Front 45

artifacts

Back 45

the objects, such as tools, pots, jewelry, that early man left behind.

Front 46

artisan

Back 46

a skilled worker who makes products such as weapons and jewelry.

Front 47

ostracism

Back 47

the name for the practice whereby an undesirable politician could be banned from athens for ten years if 6,000 members of the assembly wrote his name on a broken peice of pottery.

Front 48

natural rights

Back 48

rights with which all humans are born, including the rights to life, liberty, and property. (thought of by john locke)

Front 49

social contract

Back 49

the concept proposed by rousseau that an entire society agrees to be governed by it's general will, and all individuals should be forced to abide by the general will since it represents what is best for the entire community.

Front 50

enlightenment

Back 50

18th century philisophical movement of intellectuals who were greatly impressed with the achievements of the scientific revolution. reason, natural law, hope, and progress were popular and common words to the thinkers of the enlightenment.

Front 51

bourgeoisie

Back 51

during the period of the french revolution, this was the term for the middle class in france.

Front 52

reign of terror

Back 52

the period of time from july 1793 until july 1794 where all opposition was crushed by the execution of 40,000 "internal enemies of the revolutionary republic".

Front 53

congress of vienna

Back 53

when great britain, austria, prussia and russia met in 1814 and 1815 in order to restore the political balance in europe and to provide a means for settling disputes after the defeat of napoleon.

Front 54

universal male suffrage

Back 54

term used to refer to the right of all men to vote, though many people still believed that only men who owned property should be able to vote in the 1800s.

Front 55

conscription

Back 55

term which refers to a military draft.

Front 56

coup d'etat

Back 56

a quick seizure of power. this was the method that napoleon used to come to power in france in 1799.

Front 57

continental system

Back 57

used by napoleon to force other nations of europe to cease trading with england, a plan that was supposed to crush the british economy.

Front 58

treaty of versailles

Back 58

the peace treaty between the allied powers and germany at the end of world war one which resulted in the severe reduction of the german military, heavy fines, and full blame of the war.

Front 59

armistice

Back 59

"cease fire" signed on november 11, 1918 at 11am that brought an end to the fighting in world war one.

Front 60

reparations

Back 60

payments for war damages, of which germany was required to pay $33 biliion dollars as a result of the peace treaty that ended world war one.

Front 61

mobilization

Back 61

the gathering and transport of military troops and equipment in active preparation for war.

Front 62

propoganda

Back 62

the spreading of ideas or rumors to further a cause or to cause damage to an opposing belief.

Front 63

ultimatum

Back 63

final set of conditions. this was issued by austria-hungary to serbia on july 23, 1914.

Front 64

zimmerman note

Back 64

a telegram sent from germany to mexico urging mexico to enter the war against the u.s. in return for texas, arizona, and new mexico.

Front 65

blank check policy

Back 65

term used to refer to the economic aid that the united states gave to europe prior to 1917.

Front 66

war of attrition

Back 66

refers to a war based on wearing the other side down by constant attacks and heavy losses.

Front 67

schlieffen plan

Back 67

name of the german plan to fight world war one can called for the germans to attack france first and then fight the russians.

Front 68

five year plans

Back 68

the economic goals that stalin set for the soviet union in order to spur economic growth in that country and turn it into an industrialized nation.

Front 69

collectivization

Back 69

the system in the soviet union in which tha government owned the land and used the peasants to farm it, thus eliminating private farms.

Front 70

kellogg-braind pact

Back 70

pact that 63 nations signed to renounce war.

Front 71

nuremburg laws

Back 71

the laws passed in germany in 1935 the excluded jews from having german citizenship and required all jews to wear yellow stars of david to show that they were jewish.

Front 72

kristallnacht

Back 72

the event on november 9, 1938, where members of the nazi party attacked jews on the street and vandalized jewish businesses, homes, and synagogues.

Front 73

dynasty

Back 73

a line of rulers from one family where power is passed down from one family member to another.

Front 74

monarchy

Back 74

government headed by a king or queen, similar to the governments of most early civilizations.

Front 75

city-state

Back 75

basic unit of sumerian civilization and consisted of a city and the economic and political control it held over the surrounding countryside.

Front 76

aristocracy

Back 76

upper class whose wealth is based on land and is passed down through the family.

Front 77

tyranny

Back 77

a government in which a ruler seized power by force; this existed in the sixth and seventh centuries b.c., mainly in athens.

Front 78

democracy

Back 78

government by the people or the rule of many.

Front 79

oligarchy

Back 79

term that refers to "rule by the few".

Front 80

republic

Back 80

form of government in which the people of a community elect their leaders to represent them.

Front 81

senate

Back 81

the roman senate is filled with 300 patritions whose only role is to serve as government officials for life.

Front 82

dictator

Back 82

term for the absolute ruler in rome during the period of the collapse of the roman republic.

Front 83

triumvirate

Back 83

a government of three persons with equal power that the romans used to head their government on two seperate occasions.

Front 84

common law

Back 84

a system of rules which was common to the entire english kingdom and replaced codes that varied from place to place.

Front 85

paliament

Back 85

the term for the legislature which emerged in england in the 13th century and had the power to grant taxes and pass laws.

Front 86

estates-general

Back 86

the name for the french legislature which included members fo the different social classes in france.

Front 87

magne carta

Back 87

the document signed in 1215 that limited the power of king john of england, which strengthened the idea that the king did not have absolute power.

Front 88

feudalism

Back 88

the decentralized political system whereby lesser lords took an oath of loyalty toa higher lord or king, where the lord or king would provide protection in return for service.

Front 89

mercantilism

Back 89

a set of principles that dominated economic thought in the seventeenth century. according to mercantilists, the prosperity of a nation depended on a large supply of gold and silver.

Front 90

absolutism

Back 90

a system of government with unlimited power held by one individual or by a small group.

Front 91

divine right

Back 91

the belief of the monarchs of europe that they derived thier power to rule directly from god and they were responsible only to god.

Front 92

czar

Back 92

title for the ruler of russia that is taken from the russian word for "caesar".

Front 93

liberalism

Back 93

a politcal philosophy originally based largely on enlightenment principles, holding that people should be as free as possible from govenrnment restraint and that civil liberties-the basic rights of all people-should be protected.

Front 94

conservatism

Back 94

a political philosophy based on tradition and social stability, favoring obedience to political authority and believed organized religion was the key to keeping society stable.

Front 95

nationalism

Back 95

the unique cultural identity of a people based on common language, religion, and national symbols where political loyalty lies to the nation rather than to a dynasty.

Front 96

neutrality acts

Back 96

a series of neutrality acts, passed int he 1930s, prevented the u.s. from taking sides or becoming involved in any european wars and helped it remain isolationist. (world war two-specifically)

Front 97

blitzkrieg

Back 97

"lightning war" a war tactic used by hitler. strats off with air attacks, followed by tanks, and then infantry.

Front 98

sanctions

Back 98

restrictions intended to enforce international law.

Front 99

cold war

Back 99

the period of political tension following world war two and ending with the fall of communism in the soveit union at the end of the 1980s.

Front 100

appeasement

Back 100

satisfying reasonable demands of dissatisfied powers in an attempt to maintain peace and stablility.

Front 101

stalingrad

Back 101

a major soviet industrial center where the soviets circled the germans and cut off all supplies, forcing them to surrender. TURNING POINT OF WORLD WAR TWO

Front 102

kamikaze

Back 102

japanese word for "divine wind", a suicide mission in which young japanese pilots intentionally flew their airplanes into u.s. fightint ships at sea.

Front 103

holocaust

Back 103

mass slaughter of the european jews.

Front 104

anschluss

Back 104

"union with" austria by threatening invasion unless nazi austrians be placed in charge.

Front 105

lebensraum

Back 105

"living space" a belief that superior nations had the right to gain authoritorian leadership over smaller, inferior nations to expand.

Front 106

napoleonic code

Back 106

code of law created by bnapoleon which made a clear and consistent legal code in france in which all men were considered to be equal before the law.

Front 107

imperialism

Back 107

the domination by one country of the political, economic, and/or social life of another country.

Front 108

national convention

Back 108

this is the name for the legislature which drew up the constitution in france that set up the first republic in the country.

Front 109

militarism

Back 109

the reliance on a strong military, of which prussia was a strong proponent during the last half of the 1800s.

Front 110

socialism

Back 110

system inwhich society, usually in the form of the government, owns and controls the means of production, such as factories and utilities.

Front 111

monroe doctrine

Back 111

the u.s. policy that garunteed the independence of new latin american nations and warned against any european intervention in the americas.

Front 112

indian national congress

Back 112

(INC) in 1885 a small group of indians met in bombay and created INC. INC sought independence for all indians, regardless of class or religious background.

Front 113

league of nations

Back 113

an association of nations set up after world war one that was designed to arbitrate any disputes between nations in a peaceful manner. FAIL.

Front 114

fascism

Back 114

a political philosophy that glorifies the state above the individual by emphasizing the need for a strong central government led by a dictatorial leader.