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102 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Commonwealth
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A nation in which the people hold the ruling power; a republic or democracy.
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Council
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A group of people that meet to decide something or to give advice.
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Declaration
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A public statement.
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Divine
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Of or having to do with God or a god; like a god.
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Independence
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Freedom from control by others.
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Patriots
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People who are loyal to their own country and show a great love for that country.
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Petition
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A written request, often with many signatures, to a person or group in authority.
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Philosophers
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People who study and try to explain the meaning of life and death, the difference between right and wrong, and the purposes and principles of art and beauty.
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Representation
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Sending one or more people to speak for the rights of others before a body of the government.
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Absolute Monacrchy
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A government where a King or Queen have complete and absolute control over the government.
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Divine Right
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The belieft that God picked who would be King or Queen.
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Constitutional Monarchy
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A monarchy in which the powers King or Queen are restricted to those granted under the constitution and laws.
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Monarchy
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A system of government that is ruled by a king or queen,
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Liberal Revolution
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A revolution staged by people who wish to gain more natural or individual rights.
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Moderate Revolution
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A revolution staged by people who wish to see a single person (like a King or Queen) rule and limit the amount of rights people have.
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Radical Revolution
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A revolution to change the government that usually uses extreme forces for change (war, fighting, killing people).
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Reaction
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A response to an event.
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One Man Rule / Dictator
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A ruler who has total power.
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Boycott
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To join together in refusing to do something. Often it refers to refusing to buy, sell, or use a prodcut as a form of punishment.
Example: Americans refusing to buy British tea |
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Catherine the Great
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A Russian Ruler who was known as an "Enlightened Despot." She supported ideas of both John Locke and Thomas Hobbes. She wrote Proposals for a New Law Code in which she combined these two ideas.
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Reason
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The basis or motive for an action.
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Thomas Hobbes
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Philosopher who believed that all people were bad and needed a strong ruler to enforce laws. He believed in an absolute monarchy.
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The Leviathan
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A book written by Thomas Hobbes that reveals his ideas about government and its structure.
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State of Nature
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The state of nature is Thomas Hobbes belief that everyone will be corrupt if there is not an absolute monarch to rule over them.
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John Locke
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A philosopher that believes in eqaulity and that people have natural rights.
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Two Treatises on Government
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A book written by John Locke saying that there should be no absolute monarchy and that people are born with certain natural rights simply because they are human.
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Natural Rights
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Life, Liberty, Property
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"Life, Liberty, and Property."
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Natural Rights put forth by John Locke
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The Social Contract
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Rousseau's theory that people can give up some rights to the state in order to maintain the rule of law.
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Jean-Jacques Rousseau
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A philosopher that believed that people were basically good but become corrupt by society
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George III
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A English King who wanted power restored to the monarchy. To do this he went out and put friends of his in Parliment to help make rulings that promoted the monarchy.
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Loyalists
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People who supported English control over the American colonies during the American Revolutionary War.
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Patriots
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People who supported the colonists and their breaking free of English control during the American Revolution.
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Congress
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A group of representatives from each colony (or now each state) that represents the people's view on important issues.
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Thomas Jefferson
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The author of the Declaration of Independence and supporter of Natural Rights
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Declaration of Independence
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A document written by the Second Continental Congress that stated that the American colonies were breaking away from England to create the United States of America.
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"Life, Liberty, and the persuit of Happiness."
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A quote from the Declaration of Independence. These things are considered "unalienable rights."
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George Washington
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The first President of the United States and leader of the American troops during the American Revolution.
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US Bill of Rights
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The first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution.
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King John
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Was considered a cruel and untrustworthy ruler. Had many wars with France and lost great amounts of land. He also heavily taxed the people (even the nobles), but eventually signed the Magna Carta.
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Magna Carta
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A document that affirmed many of the feudal rights, and gave some power back to towns people and the Church. King John was forced into signing this by a group of barons who were sick of being overly taxed,
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Parliment
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England's body of lawmakers that new laws had to pass through.
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Charles I
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A King who believed in "divine right" and taxed people without the permission of Parliment. Charles didn't care and disbanded Parliment. He called Parliment back together again when he needed money to go to war with Scotland. This upset the English and a Civil War broke out. Charles was beheaded.
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Petition of Rights
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A document that Parliment presented to King Charles that stated that he was not following the law by not asking the permission of Parliment to raise taxes. The document also said that the King could not throw people in jail without a trial.
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Long Parliament
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Is the name of the English Parliament called by Charles I following war with the Bishops It got its name from the fact that through an Act of Parliament, it could only be dissolved with the agreement of the members
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English Civil War
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The war that broke out in 1642 between the English people who supported the King (Royalists) and the people who supported Parliament (Roundheads).
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Commonwealth
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A nation in which the people hold the ruling power; a republic or a democracy.
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Oliver Cromwell
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Led the Puritan Army against the King in the English Civil War. He became the ruler of England after the war and was known as "Lord Protector of the Commonwealth."
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Puritan
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Members of a sixteenth or seventeenth century English group of Protestants; they wanted to make the Church of England simpler and more strict.
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Charles II
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King of England in 1660. Tried to restore power to Parliament.
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James II
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King of England after Charles II. He demanded too much power. Was asked to leave the throne and did quietly.
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Glorious Revolution
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The time period where James II was asked to step down as King of England and hand over power to his daughter Mary and her husband William. It was called a "Glorious Revolution" because there was no conflict or a battle.
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William and Mary
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Mary was the daughter of James II and her husband was William. They took over the English throne from James II and signed the English Bill of Rights.
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English Bill of Rights
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This bill stated that the ruling monarch (king or queen) could act only after consulting Parliament.
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Palace of Versailles
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The home of the French Royal Family. Louis XIV located himself here to center his government away from the people of Paris.
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Louis XVI
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Ruler of France. Declared "I am the state" and ruled France under and absolute monarchy. During the revolution he was found guilty of betraying his country and was executed.
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Marie Antoinette
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Wife of King Louis XVI and Queen of France. She was executed along with her husband for betraying her country.
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Estates-General
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The body of government in France that acted somewhat like the English Parliament.
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3rd Estate of France
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The estate in France that was made up of middle class merchants, city workers, and peasants. They were the majority of the population in France, however they only held one vote in the Estates-General.
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Tennis Court Oath
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An oath that members of the Third Estate took to swear that they would give France a constitution.
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National Assembly
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The member of the Third Estate who rebelled and called their own meetings to organize to create a constitution for France.
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"Liberty, Equality, Fraternity."
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The motto of the new French Republic.
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Republic
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A government in which the citizens have the right to elect their representatives to make laws; a democratic government.
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Guillotine
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An instrument used for cutting off a person's head; it is made up of two posts crossed by a heavy blade.
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Executions
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The punishment of death for a crime.
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"Let them eat cake."
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Marie Antoinette's response when she was told that the people of France no longer had any bread to eat.
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"Off with their heads!"
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A cry or saying that became popular in France during the Reign of Terror when many people were sent to the guillotine to be killed.
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Maximilien Robespierre
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One of the most violent leaders of the French Revolution. He believed that France would never be safe if the enemy lived, and sent many people to be executed. The people of France later turned on him and he was sent to the guillotine.
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Reign of Terror
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A time during the French Revolution where anybody suspected of being against the Republic was attacked and killed.
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The Directory
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Replaced the National Convention in the leadership of France.
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Napoleon Bonaparte
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A soldier for the French Army. He later became a French dictator and named himself the emperor of France. He created a very strict set of laws and put into place a very strict government.
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Russian Winter
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Napoleon declared war on Russia and lead his troops through the harsh lands of Russia during an icy winter. Napoleon's troops ran out of food, were killed, or died of illness and starvation.
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Waterloo
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The fight on June 18, 1815 where Napoleon was captured in and sent into exile.
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Elba
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The island where Napoleon was exiled.
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Creoles
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People of Spanish blood who were born and raised in Latin America.
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Mestizos
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Mixed race people who born from native Latin American women and Spaniard or Portugese settlers. These people faced harsh discrimination and were angered by how society viewed them.
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Slavery in Latin America
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When the Spanish settled in Latin America, many came from wealthy famillies and did not feel they had to do work. They would make the Indians work for them, and brought Africans over to work as slaves.
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Discrimination
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Treating a person or people unfairly because of their race or religion.
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Toussaint L'Ouverture
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A black revolutionist who was a leader in Haiti's fight for freedom. He himself was a slave until the age of 50. He led a slave revolt until France freed all the slaves. He then became the governor of Haiti. Napoleon then sent troops to Haiti to reestablish slavery and threw Toussaint in jail.
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Miguel Hidalgo and Jose Morelos
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Two catholic priests who led Mexico's revolt against Spain. Both died fighting for Mexico's independence.
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Simon Bolivar
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Known as the "Latin American Liberator." He believed in freedom from European rule, and back many revolutions. He also led the army against the Spanish on many occassions, liberating one South American country after another. He ruled Gran Columbia and then eventually resigned as president in 1830.
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Gran Columbia
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The nations of Columbia, Venezuela, Ecuador, and Peru.
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Bernardo O'Higgins
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Led the revolution of Chile against Spain in 1818. He became the countries dictator, but he was sent into exile by landowners who were being taxed in 1823.
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Jose de San Martin
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Worked with Bernardo O'Higgins to free Chile from Spain's rule. He also helped win indpendence from Peru in 1821.
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Dom Pedro
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A Portuguese prince who inherited the nation of Brazil. He granted independence to the people of Brazil, but assumed the throne of the new nation as Pedro I.
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Objective: Identify the main ideas of the Enlightenment.
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- Equality
- Representation in government - People are born with and are entitled to certain natural rights. *Know philosophers (Locke, Hobbes, Rousseau etc), their beliefs (absolute monarchy, democracy, representation in government,etc) and the changes that came out of the Enlightenment (Declaration of Independence, US and English Bill of Rights, etc). |
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Objective: Analyze how the Enlightenment led to the creation of important political documents around the world.
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Look at the following:
-Declaration of the Rights of Man -English Bill of Rights -US Bill of Rights -The Leviathan -Letter from Jamaica ***Any documents we used in class.***** |
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Objective: Investigate the connection between the many poltical revolutions of this period and the Enlightenment.
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Look at Enlightenment ideas in:
- English Civil War -US Revolutionary War -French Revolution -Latin American Revolutions |
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Objective: Describe why absolutism was able to grow and flourish in various European countries.
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Review:
-Fedual Systems -Divine Right -French Estates -Rich v. poor -Lack of natural rights |
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Objective: Assess whether "Enlightened despotism" was an impossible dream.
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Review Catherine the Great (Locke vs. Hobbes) document.
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Objective: Characterize the relationship between Western and Eastern Europe during this time period.
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Look at Russian vs. Western government and life.
-Government -Classes -Living Conditions -Rulers -People's Rights |
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Objective: Explain why England was able to avoid the growing trend of absolutism.
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Review:
-Parliment -English Civil War -English economics -English society -Englands monarchies. |
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Objective: Discuss the importance of England's establishment of a constitutional monarchy and Bill of Rights.
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Review:
-English Bill of Rights -John Locke -What is a constitution? -What is a monarchy? -William and Mary |
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Objection: Summarize and Prioritize the major causes of the French Revoultion.
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Review:
-Les Miserables movie notes -Louis XIV and Marie Antoinette -1st, 2nd, and 3rd French Estates -Tennis Court Oath Reign of Terror Estates-General |
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Objection: Analyze how Enlightenment ideas about politics combined with the American Revolution and English Civil War contributed to the French Revolution.
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Review:
-Venn Diagrams -Les Miserables movie notes -Political cycles worksheets -Philosophers (Locke, Rosseau, Hobbes, etc.) |
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Objective: Understand how economic troubles combined with the political corruption and incompetence of Louis XVI caused the French Revolution.
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Review:
-Day in the life of Louis XVI worksheet -pages 262-269 in textbook -Political Revolutions: France worksheet |
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Objective: Determine the course of the French Revolution.
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Review:
-Pages 262-275 in textbook -Les Miserables notes -Political Revolutions: France worksheet. |
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Objective: Summarize the major effects of the French Revolution.
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Review:
-Pages 262-275 in textbook -Les Miserables notes -Political Revolutions: France worksheet. |
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Objective: Discuss how the French Revolution ended the divine right/ absolute monarchy in France.
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Review:
-Pages 274-275 in textbook -Political Revolutions: France worksheet. -French Estates (1,2,3) |
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Objective: Imagine how Napoleon Bonaparte built and then lost and empire.
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Review:
-Pages 270-275 in the textbook. |
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Objective: Evaluate Napoleon as a product of the Enlightenment.
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Review:
-Pages 270-275 in your textbook. -Enlightened thinkers and philosophers. -Previous political revolutions (England and US) |
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Objective: Witness and describe the French Revolution.
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Review:
-Pages 263-275 in your textbook. - Les Miserables movie notes -Political Revolution: France worksheet -Any and all class notes |
