Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
175 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Government where the power of the crown is unchecked.
|
Absolute Monarchy
|
|
|
Another name for the age of Monarchs
|
Age of Absolutism
|
|
|
Strongest nation in Europe during the 1500s
|
Spain
|
|
|
Was both the Holy Roman Emperor and king of Spain
|
Charles V
|
|
|
Dynasty of Charles V and Philip II
|
Hapsburg
|
|
|
When Charles V divided his empire his son Philip II became
|
King of Spain
|
|
|
Strongest monarch during Spanish
|
Philip II
|
|
|
Philip and other absolute monarchs believed they were kings by
|
Divine right
|
|
|
The idea that royal power is granted by God
|
Divine right of Kings
|
|
|
He used wealth from colonies to build the largest and strongest army in Europe
|
Philip II
|
|
|
Philip II saw Spain as the defender of
|
Catholic faith
|
|
|
He involved spain in wars against the enemies of Catholicism
|
Philip II
|
|
|
Philip II attempted to force all non- Catholic
|
convert or leave Spain
|
|
|
Was used as a reign of terror to extract all non-elements from Spain
|
Spanish Inquisition
|
|
|
This source of wealth enabled Spain to become the strongest the strongest nation in Europe
|
American Colonies
|
|
|
Philip II sent it to invade England
|
Spanish Armada
|
|
|
Its defeat in 1588 was the beginning of Spain's decline as the leading European Power
|
Spanish armada
|
|
|
Sun king ruled france from 1643 to 1715
|
Louis XIV
|
|
|
He weakened the power of the nobles by inviting them to live in luxury in his place.
|
Louis XiV
|
|
|
Strongest French Monarch
|
Lous XIV
|
|
|
In 1685 Louis XIV revoked the
|
Edict of Nantes
|
|
|
Strongest man in Europe during the 1600s
|
France
|
|
|
Small nations band together to keep a strong nation from dominating
|
Balance of Power
|
|
|
War fought to keep Louis XiV grandson off the throne of Spain
|
War of Spanish succession
|
|
|
Was triggered by a rebellion of Bohemian protestants.
|
Thirty years war
|
|
|
Started over religion ended up over the balance or power.
|
Thirty years war
|
|
|
Stared over religion ended up over the balance of power
|
Thirty years war
|
|
|
Louis XIV minister of finance
|
Colbert
|
|
|
A tax of imports
|
Protective tariff
|
|
|
Sun King ruled France from 1643-1715
|
Louis XIV
|
|
|
Strongest French Monarch
|
Louis XIV
|
|
|
IN 1685 Louis xiv revoked the
|
Edict of nantes
|
|
|
Strongest nation in Europe during the 1600s
|
France
|
|
|
Small nations band together to keep a strong nation from dominating
|
Balance of Power
|
|
|
War fought to keep Louis xiv grandson off the throne of spain
|
War of spanish succession
|
|
|
Ended the war of Spanish succession
|
Treaty of Utrecht
|
|
|
Broke French treasury and military
|
War of Spanish succession
|
|
|
ended the war of spanish succession
|
treaty of utrecht
|
|
|
broke french treasury and military power
|
treaty of utrecht
|
|
|
prevented the alliance of france and spain
|
treaty of utrecht
|
|
|
his polocies brought france near financia ruin and created class conflict
|
louis xiv
|
|
|
philip II english rival
|
elizabeth I
|
|
|
ruled england from 1558-1603
|
elizabeth I
|
|
|
english captains that captured spanish treasure ships and defeated the spanish armada
|
sea dogs
|
|
|
first stuart monarch believed in the divine right of kings
|
james I
|
|
|
those who believed in the divine right of kings believed monarchs were only answerable to
|
God
|
|
|
succeeded james I as king of england
|
charles I
|
|
|
his reign ended in englands civil war
|
charles I
|
|
|
it was fought over who should rule england: monarch or parliament
|
english civil war
|
|
|
those who supported charles I in the english civil war
|
cavaliers
|
|
|
those who supported parliament
|
roundheads
|
|
|
roundheads were mainly
|
puritans
|
|
|
led parliaments army to victory in the english civil war
|
oliver cromwell
|
|
|
the english parliament tried and executed
|
charles
|
|
|
the house of commons abolished monarchy and declared england a republic called the
|
commonwealth
|
|
|
cromwell drove out parliament to and set up a
|
military dictatorship
|
|
|
name for the cromwell;s military dictatorship
|
protectorate
|
|
|
cromwells dictatorship enforced a
|
puritan moral code
|
|
|
cromwells dictatorship enforced a
|
puritan moral code
|
|
|
cromwell did not tolerate open worship for
|
catholics
|
|
|
cromwell succeeded his father as lord protector of england tired of strict puritan ways he was deposed by a
|
military coup
|
|
|
he was invited by a parliament to come back
|
charles II
|
|
|
the return of charles II as king of england
|
restoration
|
|
|
resoration date
|
ad 1660
|
|
|
the restoration gave england a
|
constitutional monarchy
|
|
|
catholic brother and successor to charles
|
james II
|
|
|
english feared that james would make catholicism the
|
state religion
|
|
|
name for the bloodless deposing ofjames II
|
glorious revolution
|
|
|
will and mary were given joint rule of england after the gr but they first had to accept the
|
english bill of rights
|
|
|
the english bill of rights made sure parliament had more power than the ruler and established...
|
limited monarchy
|
|
|
date of the fr
|
1688
|
|
|
was selected by the leading german princes but in reality did not have much power
|
holy roman emperor
|
|
|
allowed maria theresa to inherit the throne of austria
|
pragmatic sanction
|
|
|
maria thersas
|
hapsburg
|
|
|
dynasty that ruled prussia during the age of monarchs
|
hohenzollern
|
|
|
centralized prussian government
|
frederick william I
|
|
|
most powerful ruler in prussian history
|
frederick II
|
|
|
he rejected the progmatic sanction and started the war of austrian succession
|
frederick II
|
|
|
maria theresa keeps the throne of austria
|
treaty of aix la chapelle
|
|
|
starts as a strugggle between austria and prussia becomes a strugggle between england and france
|
seven years war
|
|
|
name of the seven years war in america
|
french and indian war
|
|
|
in 1650 russia was an isolated and
|
backward county
|
|
|
title of the russian ruler
|
czar
|
|
|
czar who worked to modernize/ westernize russia
|
peter the great was an
|
|
|
pter the great was an
|
absolute monarch
|
|
|
peter fought the swedes and the turks to gain a
|
warm water prot
|
|
|
pter the great built the new catital city of russia
|
st petersburg
|
|
|
she followed the lead of peter the great in embracing western ideas and expanding russias borders
|
catherine the great
|
|
|
intellectual movement of the 17 and 18 centuries
|
enlightenment
|
|
|
the enlightenment celebrated the powers of
|
reason
|
|
|
enlightenment thinkers promoted religious
|
toleration
|
|
|
enlightenment thinkers sough to construct government
|
fjalfj
|
|
|
enlightenment thinkers sought to constucty
|
scientific thry
|
|
|
devoloped helio
|
copernicus
|
|
|
developed a telescope and supported the helio
|
galileo
|
|
|
probably more responsible for the development of sceintific method then any other individual
|
galileo galilei
|
|
|
galileo was forced to recant by the
|
catholic church
|
|
|
demonstrated that planets move in ellipses
|
kepler
|
|
|
changed the view of the universe
|
isaac newtpm
|
|
|
newton develieped the theory
|
gravity
|
|
|
newton discovered that the universe is governed by natural laws
|
faf
|
|
|
newtons discoveries led ppl to view the universe as
|
mechanical
|
|
|
he developed calculus
|
isaac newton
|
|
|
hobbes locke and rousseau were all considered
|
social contract theorists
|
|
|
thomas hobbes believed governments were created to protect ppl from their own selfishness he believed they
|
never had the right to revolt
|
|
|
frp, pf gov advocated by hobbes
|
absolute monarch
|
|
|
he belived ppl had natural rights to life liberty and property
|
john locke
|
|
|
john locke believed the foundation of gov was a
|
social contract
|
|
|
john locke said that if ppls natural rights were not proteceted then they had the
|
right to revolt
|
|
|
john locke wrote in the defense of
|
glorious revolution
|
|
|
french thinkers of the enlightenment
|
philosophes
|
|
|
philosophe who campaigned against intolerance
|
voltaire
|
|
|
he combined enlightenment thinking into an encyclopdia
|
diderot
|
|
|
banned diderots encylopedia
|
catholic church
|
|
|
diderot was ... for his writings in the encyclopedi
|
improsoned
|
|
|
advocated free market economy in the wealth of nations
|
adam smith
|
|
|
name for complete free market economy
|
laissez faire
|
|
|
believed in exec judicial and lgislative branches
|
montesquieu
|
|
|
criticized the enlightenments excessive emphasis on reason
|
rousseau
|
|
|
meetings for the discussion of ideas
|
salons
|
|
|
believed u should set adide traditional beliefs and rely on obserbation and experiment
|
francis bacon
|
|
|
believed u should doubt everything that cant be proven
|
descartes
|
|
|
the only thing descartes found that he could not doubt was his
|
own existence
|
|
|
i think therefore i am
|
descartes
|
|
|
doubt and quistion all ideas
|
skepticism
|
|
|
denial of the possiblitty of knowledge
|
skepticism
|
|
|
total skeptic
|
david hume
|
|
|
denied that there was any logical basis for knowing that one thing caused another
|
david hume
|
|
|
he believed taht reason could not be used to explain questions of metaphysics
|
david hume
|
|
|
tries to answer ultimate and universal quuestions
|
mataphysics
|
|
|
kant believed that things that cannot be perceived in ... cannot be known
|
experience
|
|
|
john locke believed the mind to be a
|
tablula rasa
|
|
|
religion based on reason and natural law
|
deism
|
|
|
that god started the universe like a perfect clock and then left it alone
|
deism
|
|
|
some ppl reacted to the enlightenment and did not believe that ... reason alone
|
deism
|
|
|
some ppl reacted to the enlightenment
|
aslfj
|
|
|
reson could not alone be
|
proven
|
|
|
this card is way to long so i cant type it out
|
burgaflickal
|
|
|
monarchs who used their own power to bring about positive political and social changes
|
enlightened despots
|
|
|
when britain tried to tighten its control over the coloneis after the french and indian war the colinies
|
reacted
|
|
|
because american colonists believed they were being taxed without their reason
|
they declared their independence
|
|
|
created a government with montesquiues separation of powers
|
us constitution
|
|
|
gov power divided to parts
|
federalsism
|
|
|
al;fjsaldfj
|
lafjlsdfj
|
|
|
king of france at the beginning of at the beginning of of french revolution
|
louis xvi
|
|
|
first estate
|
catholic clergy
|
|
|
second
|
nobility
|
|
|
bourgeoisie artisans and peasoants
|
third estate
|
|
|
middle class
|
bourgeoisie
|
|
|
large gap in between rich and poor
|
causes of the french revolution
|
|
|
louis xvi called for a meeting of the .... for the first time in over 150 yrs
|
estates general
|
|
|
louis xvi called estates general to
|
raise money
|
|
|
upper two estates wanted to vote as
|
estates
|
|
|
third estates
|
delegates
|
|
|
louis refused the third estates request for a
|
mass meeting
|
|
|
the thrid estate declared itself to be the
|
national convention
|
|
|
members of the national assembly swore to remain in session until a constitution was completed
|
tennis court oath
|
|
|
ordered all three estates to negotioate in the national assembly
|
louis xvi
|
|
|
oredered swill troops to paris
|
luis xvi
|
|
|
french royal prison attacked by paresians to defend the national assembly
|
bastille
|
|
|
symboic beginning of the french revolution
|
storming of the bastille
|
|
|
national assembly guaranteed freedom of speech press and religion
|
declaration of rights of man and the citizen
|
|
|
national assembly created a
|
limited constitutional monarchy
|
|
|
working class men and women pushed for more radical action during fr
|
sans culottes
|
|
|
extreme radicals who demanded true democracy
|
jacobins
|
|
|
unpopular queen of france
|
marie antoinette
|
|
|
national assembly declared war on
|
austria
|
|
|
jacobins killed ppl they claimed were
|
counter revolutionaries
|
|
|
called by radicals to rewrite french constitiution
|
national convention
|
|
|
national convention abolished monarch and declared france a
|
republic
|
|
|
convicted of treason and executed by the national convention
|
louis xvi
|
|
|
during the french revolution european monarchies fearing the spread of trevolution to their countries
|
allied against france
|
|
|
because of threats from within
|
louis xvi
|
|
|
to stop the counter revolution
|
committee of public safety
|
|
|
reign of terror
|
robespierrs death ended
|
