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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Why would philosophers start questioning traditional beliefs at this particular time in Athens’ history?
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Many Athenians lost confidence in democratic government after the war. Their defeat and state of crisis caused them to lose their trust in their government.
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As a result of the Athenian defeat during the Peloponnesian war several thinkers appeared. These philosophers were determined to seek the truth. Explain two basic assumptions elaborated by the philosophers.
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1.The universe (land, sky, and sea) is put together in an orderly way, and subject to absolute and unchanging laws.
2.People can understand these laws through logic and reason. |
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Macedonia
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Located just north of Greece
-had rough terrain and a cold climate. -most imp. resource - their shrewd and fearless kings |
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Who were the Sophists?
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A group of philosophers who questioned people’s unexamined beliefs and ideas about justice and other traditional values.
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Darius III
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he was the Persian king at time of the Macedonian invasion
- he tried to fight,but eventually gave up and fled (as his army did) |
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Who was Socrates? How did he teach philosophy to his students?
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1.He was a critic of the Sophists
- believed that absolute standards did exist fro truth and justice. 2.He taught philosophy by encouraging Greeks to go farther and question themselves and their moral character. |
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Which of Alexander’s conquest do you think was the most significant?
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When he conquered Persia, it is the largest amount of land and placed the most threat to the Macedonians.
- Gaugamela -his last battle at Persia - with it he had complete Persian control |
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Who was Aristotle? What did he invent? Where was this method later applied?
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He was a philosopher who questioned the nature of the world and of human belief.
He invented a method of arguing according to rules of logic. In the fields of psychology, physics, and biology. |
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How was Phillip II able to conquer Greece?
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He used large phalanx to destroy the Greeks (16 x 16 phalanx)
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Philip II
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-king of Macedonia (at 23), -father of Alex the Great
-Brilliant General and ruthless politician: -turned the peasants into a great and powerful army - he took control of Greece and then wanted to move against Persia (but he was killed - at daughter's wedding) |
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Alexander The Great
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- Philips son who came king when Philip died, he was known as Alexander the great for his great achievements and conquests
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Why did the Greeks look down on the Macedonians?
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Because they thought they were uncivilized people, that lived in the Mountains
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Alexandria
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This Egyptian city became the foremost center of commerce and Hellenistic civilization.
- founded by Alexander when he conquered Egypt |
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Who was Philip II? Explain why his military tactics were so effective
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He had large phlanx and was the King of Macedonia
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Euclid
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a highly regarded mathematician who thought in Alexandria.
- major author in geometry |
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Explain why Alexander was well prepared to lead a huge empire at such young age
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He was taught how to ride horses, use weapons, and command an army.
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Archimedes
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Was another important Hellenistic scientist, studied in Alexandria;
1) found the value of pi. 2) explained the law of the lever |
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After Alexander death, his empire broke into three parts ruled by
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Ptolemy, Seleucus, and Antigonus I
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Colossus of Rhodes
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-Bronze statue > 100 feet tall.
-the largest known Hellenistic sculpture -on the island of Rhodes. - One of the 7 Ancient Wonders of the World - toppled by an earthquake in 225 BC (bronze sold for scrap) |
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Hellenistic
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The new culture of greek, Egyptian,Persian, and Indian culture blended. As result from Alexander’s empire.
- had a new language "Koine" |
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Which Hellenistic achievement had the greatest impact? Why?
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Geometry, because this allowed us to make proportionally correct architecture.
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How did trade contribute to cultural diversity in the Hellenistic city of Alexandria?
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Its trade was from all countries with different culture.
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How did Euclid influence some of the developments in astronomy during the Hellenistic period?
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Geometry was needed for measurements in astronomy
- it helped them figure out the size of planet Earth |
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Territories Cnquered by Alexander the Great (in order)
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1) Anatolia in Persia
2) Egypt - part of Persian territory at the time 3) Guagamela - last battle for the Persians 4) Babylon, Persepolis (capital) and Susa 5) Indus Valley |
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What was the most imp Hellenistic city?
Why? |
ALexandria
-became the foremost of commerce b/c of its strategic location on the Nile delta - had thriving commerce |
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Describe Alexandria
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-beautiful city
- filled with sttutes of Greek gods - beautiful stone light house called Pharos overlooks the harbor - famous museum (w/ art galleries, zoo, gardens and dining hall) - famous library - w/ 1/2 M papyrus |
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what3 fields of science did Hellenistic Culture impact?
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1) astronomy
2) math (particularly geometry) 3) physics (lever) |
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what 2 ideas were introduced by Hellenistic phylosophers?
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1) stoicism - people should live life in harmony with the will of God.
-power and wealth were dangerous. 2) Epicureanism - believed that gods who had no interest in humans ruled the universe - main goal should be to achieve harmony of the body and mind, the absence of pain today epicureans means - person devoted to getting human pleasure and specially good food |
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What city took over as the BIG powerful city in the region when Hellenistic Culture started to decline?
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ROME
- but they kept a lot of the Greek culture |
