World History Chapter 7

Front 1

movement of people to cities

Back 1

urbanization

Front 2

a privately owned road

Back 2

turnpike

Front 3

apartments that the poor lived in

Back 3

tenement

Front 4

working class (given the name by karl marx)

Back 4

proletariat

Front 5

people who go into business; assume the business risk

Back 5

entrepreneurs

Front 6

a business organization

Back 6

enterprise

Front 7

a drug that prevents pain during surgery

Back 7

anesthetic

Front 8

scottish engineer who improved the seam engine; made first modern steam engine

Back 8

james watt

Front 9

englishman that invented the spinning jenny (machine that could produce 8 times more thread than a regular spinning wheel)

Back 9

james hargreaves

Front 10

figured out how to refine the steel-making process

Back 10

henry bessemer

Front 11

invented the telegraph and morse code

Back 11

samuel morse

Front 12

english utopian who set up a model community in new lanark scotland to put his own ideas into practice and came over to US to try and organize the new harmony

Back 12

robert owen

Front 13

launched the first working steamboat

Back 13

robert fulton

Front 14

the cotton gin

Back 14

eli whitney

Front 15

invented the loom powered by water which could weave as much cloth as 200 hand looms

Back 15

edmund cartwright

Front 16

nickname "turnip" invented crop rotation

Back 16

charles townshend

Front 17

refined rubber and stabilized it w/ a process called vulcanization

Back 17

charles goodyear

Front 18

the italian who developed the first real battery

Back 18

alessandro volta

Front 19

what was the earliest industry to be affected by mechanization?

Back 19

textile industry

Front 20

industrialization most benefited the ______ class.

Back 20

middle

Front 21

capitalism is the economic system in which ___ control the factors of production.

Back 21

individuals

Front 22

according to adam smith's theory of supply and demand, if an article is scarce and in great demand, its price will _____

Back 22

increase (go up)

Front 23

the industrial revolution began in the country of ___ because it had the correct balance of the factors of production.

Back 23

great britain

Front 24

socialism is the politic and economic system in which the _____ owns the means of production and operates them for the welfare of the ____.

Back 24

government; people

Front 25

the ___ revolution immediately preceded the ___ revolution

Back 25

agricultural ; industrial

Front 26

in order for industrialization to occur, a country must have 3 factors of production:

Back 26

land (natural resources)
capitol (money they can invest)
workers/laborers

Front 27

karl marx believed that the inevitable final stage of human history would be pure communism, in which each person would contribute ___, and receive ____.

Back 27

what they were able to do ; what they needed

Front 28

during the industrial revolution, peoples lives changed because people _____ from rural areas to ____.

Back 28

moved/migrated ; cities

Front 29

the cotton gin was a machine that could ____

Back 29

clean cotton fastly

Front 30

the first factories developed the ___ industry.

Back 30

textile

Front 31

thomas malthus discouraged vaccinations because disease was a natural means of

Back 31

population control

Front 32

david ricardo's "iron law of wages" says wages will never increase as long as there are more ____ than ____

Back 32

workers ; jobs

Front 33

"the greatest happiness for the greatest number" was a goal of the economic view of the ____

Back 33

jeremy bentham (utilitarians)

Front 34

steam became an efficient power source because of improvements made by ____

Back 34

james watt

Front 35

the slave trade contributed to the rise of industry in britain by bringing in ____

Back 35

more capitol to invest

Front 36

the development of steam power enabled the growth of the ____ industry.

Back 36

transportation

Front 37

the putting-out system (Or, the domestic system) was a method of production ___ in individual ____

Back 37

cotton; homes

Front 38

the people who lived in tenements in industrial cities were part of the ___ class.

Back 38

working

Front 39

most early factory workers were women because employers could pay women __ than men.

Back 39

less

Front 40

a long- term result of the industrial revolution a general ___ in the standard of living.

Back 40

rise

Front 41

according to laissez-faire economist, poverty could only be cured by a ____ market.

Back 41

free (no gov. regulation)

Front 42

jeremy bentham believed that laws should be judged by whether they bring more ___ than ____.

Back 42

pleasure ; pain

Front 43

according to socilaists, the solution to poverty and injustice was shared ___ by the ___ of the means of production

Back 43

ownership ; people