World History- Chapter 11

Front 1

Pope Gregory the Great

Back 1

Ruled 590-604, helped fill the power vacuum in Europe, especially Rome and surrounding areas, where there were no other rulers for a time.

Front 2

Diocese and Parish

Back 2

Religious and political units of the Church of Rome and the Roman Empire

Front 3

Hierarchy

Back 3

Persons arranged in a series according to their degree of power

Front 4

Pontifex Maximus

Back 4

Term meaning "high priest." This term used to be used by Roman Emperors, but the Popes eventually used the title.

Front 5

Lords

Back 5

Military strongmen who controlled small dominions

Front 6

Franks

Back 6

This German tribe settled the area where France and Germany are today. The term means "free." They established the first large empire in Western Europe after the fall of Rome and helped popes acquire the worldly power they desired.

Front 7

Clovis

Back 7

First great Frankish military and political leader, he inherited the title of tribal king from his father in 481.

Front 8

Merovingian

Back 8

Series of Frankish kings beginning with Clovis. Reigned 481-751.

Front 9

Tolbiac

Back 9

Fought in 496, Clovis claimed God granted him a miraculous victory at this battle.

Front 10

Orleans, Council of Orleans, 511

Back 10

Clovis called a church council at this city in this year.

Front 11

Mayors of the Palace

Back 11

Officials who took over Merivingion kings duties.

Front 12

Charles Martel, 714

Back 12

Born 688, allied himself with the Roman church and Bishop Boniface in order to hold onto his conquests. He led the Battle of Tours. Year he became Mayor of the Palace.

Front 13

Pepin the Short, 751

Back 13

Became Mayor of the Palace in 741. Son of Charles Martel. Convinced Pope Zacharias that he should be king. The year he was crowned king.

Front 14

Bishop Boniface

Back 14

Missionary to northern Gaul. Charles Martel aligned himself with him. He crown Pepin the Short king.

Front 15

Pope Zecharias

Back 15

Agreed Pepin the Short should be king and had Bishop Boniface crown him

Front 16

Pope Stephen II

Back 16

Crowned Pepin the Short a second time and threatened to excommunicate anyone who tried to overthrow him.

Front 17

Lombards

Back 17

Germanic tribe which showed interest in the Pope's land but had their own strip of land taken away by Pepin which was then donated to Pope Stephen II.

Front 18

Papal States

Back 18

The "Donation of Pepin" - the strip of land in Italy taken away from the Lombards and given to the pope.

Front 19

Patrician of the Romans

Back 19

Title given to Pepin by Pope Stephen II

Front 20

Carolingian

Back 20

Series of Frankish kings starting with Pepin in 751 and ending in the 900s.

Front 21

Charles or Charlemagne

Back 21

Son of Pepin, became king in 768. His kingdom stretched across the Pyrenees mountains into northern Spain and into northern Italy.

Front 22

Pope Leo III

Back 22

This pope placed a golden crown on Charlemagne's head and gave him the title, Charles Augustus, Emporer of the Romans.

Front 23

Louis the Pious

Back 23

Son of Charlemagne, was co-emperor with his father. He was considered weak. After his father's death, the empire began to crumble, and his sons fought over ruling the empire.

Front 24

Treaty of Verdun, 843

Back 24

This treaty, signed by Louis the Pious' sons three years after his death, divided the kingdom into three parts. The year the treaty was signed.

Front 25

France and Germany

Back 25

The Treaty of Verdun led to the development of three kingdoms: the Middle Kingdom which eventually disintegrated, and these two more permanent kingdoms.

Front 26

Magyars

Back 26

Fierce invaders from the east who murdered, burned and plundered. They eventually settled what is now known as Hungary.

Front 27

Moors

Back 27

Muslims from North Africa that were firmly entrenched in Spain. They scattered outposts throughout Europe and controlled the Mediterranean.

Front 28

Norseman or Vikings

Back 28

Germanic tribe that dwelled to the north in Scandinavia. In the 9th century, they settled Iceland and Greenland. By 1000, they had reached the coast of North America but never established any permanent residence there.

Front 29

Normandy

Back 29

Viking settlement along the northern coast of western Europe.

Front 30

Feudalism

Back 30

A way of life based upon the ownership and use of land

Front 31

Fief

Back 31

A piece of land owned by one man who permitted another man to use it in return for certain promised services.

Front 32

Lord

Back 32

The man who owned a fief.

Front 33

Vassal

Back 33

A man who used a fief in exchange for his services.

Front 34

Homage

Back 34

Ceremony where the vassal knelt down and vowed to be his "lord's man."

Front 35

Oath of fealty

Back 35

The vassal swears to be loyal to his lord.

Front 36

Act of investiture

Back 36

The lord gives the vassal an object such as a lance or spear to show he has a right to use the fief.

Front 37

Knights

Back 37

Masters of medieval warfare.

Front 38

Crown land

Back 38

Section of land kept by the king for his personal use.

Front 39

800-1250

Back 39

The age of feudalism in Western Europe

Front 40

Chivalry

Back 40

The code of conduct for the nobility and the knights. The code stressed the good qualities of a warrior: strength, courage and loyalty.

Front 41

Page

Back 41

A household servant in the service of a lord.

Front 42

Squire

Back 42

A personal servant to his lord or to another knight in the lord's service.

Front 43

Heraldry

Back 43

The study of the emblems and designs of the coat of arms.

Front 44

Turrets

Back 44

Another term for castle's towers

Front 45

Manors

Back 45

Estates belonging to nobles

Front 46

Serfs

Back 46

Farmers who lived on manors

Front 47

Demesne

Back 47

The lord's fields where serfs worked.