World History Ch 10

Front 1

geocentric

Back 1

A model of the universe in which Earth is at the center of the revolving planets and stars.

Front 2

Ptolemaic system

Back 2

The universe is a series of concentric spheres, Spheres one inside the other. Earth is said to be at the center. Fixed and motionless

Front 3

heliocentric

Back 3

Sun-centered universe

Front 4

universal law of gravitation

Back 4

Ever object in the universe is attracted to every other object by a force called gravity

Front 5

rationalism

Back 5

A belief that reason is the chief source of knowledge.

Front 6

scientific method

Back 6

systematic procedure for collecting and analyzing evidence.

Front 7

inductive reasoning

Back 7

Scientists should proceed from the particular to the general.

Front 8

philosophe

Back 8

Philosopher in French.

Front 9

Voltaire

Back 9

he reminded governments that "all men are brothers under God"

Front 10

John Locke

Back 10

Thought they could discover the natural laws that governed human society.

Front 11

Baron de Montesquieu

Back 11

Believed that England government had 3 branches. Executive. Legislative and Judicial.

Front 12

Jean Jacques Rousseau

Back 12

Argues that education should foster, and not restrict, children's natural instincts. "on the education of the natural man"

Front 13

separation of powers

Back 13

The Three branches of government had control of each other in a system of checks and balances. This prevents one person or group from getting too much power.

Front 14

deism

Back 14

an 18th century religious philosophy based on reason and natural law. A God created universe

Front 15

laissez-faire

Back 15

a french phrase that means "to let people do what they want"

Front 16

social contract

Back 16

An agreement by which people gave up their freedom to a powerful government in order to avoid chaos

Front 17

salon

Back 17

Elegant Drawing Rooms of the wealthy upper class's great urban houses.

Front 18

rococo

Back 18

an art style that emphasized grace, charm and gentle action.

Front 19

enlightened absolutism

Back 19

Rules tried to govern by Enlightenment principles while maintaining their royal powers

Front 20

mestizo

Back 20

Offspring of Europeans and Native Americans

Front 21

mulatto

Back 21

The Offspring of Europeans and Africans

Front 22

federal system

Back 22

Power would be shared with the national government and the state government

Front 23

Bill of Rights

Back 23

in 1789 the New congress proposed 12 new amendments, and the 10 that were approved by the states became known as the bill of rights.

Front 24

Constitution

Back 24

The National or federal government was given the power to levy taxes, raise an army, regulate trade and create a national currency

Front 25

Articles of Confederation

Back 25

did little to provide for a strong central government.

Front 26

Galen

Back 26

Relied on animal, instead of human dissection, to discover the human anatomy. He was wrong on many instances.

Front 27

Lavoisier

Back 27

(1743-1794) father of modern chemistry - first version of law of conservation of mass, codiscovered oxgyen and hydrogen, introduced metric system, invented first periodic table. Beheaded in French Revolution

Front 28

Rene Descartes

Back 28

17th century French philosopher; wrote Discourse on Method; 1st principle "i think therefore i am"; believed mind and matter were completly seperate; known as father of modern rationalism

Front 29

Copernicus

Back 29

Argued that the sun was in the center of the universe, not the earth.

Front 30

Ptolemy

Back 30

Alexandrian astronomer who proposed a geocentric system. Rennisance humanists. Made the telescope.

Front 31

Galileo

Back 31

1st European to make regular observations of the heavens using a telescope. He discovered mountains on the moon, sunspots and 4 moons of jupiter

Front 32

Sir Isaac Newton

Back 32

Discovered the Universal Law of Gravitation..

Front 33

Francis Bacon

Back 33

Devolved the Scientific method. Was an English Philosopher. Believed that instead of relying on the ideas of ancient authorities, scientists should use inductive reasoning.

Front 34

John Wesley

Back 34

stressed the importance of hard work and encouraged behaviors that led to spiritual contentment.

Front 35

Frederick the Great

Back 35

He was well versed in the idea of Enlightenment. He abolished the use of torture except in treason and murder cases. He also granted the limited freedom of speech and the press. Enlarged the Prussian army.

Front 36

Maria Theresa

Back 36

Austrian Empress. was not open to the philosophizes' calls for reform. but she worked hard to alleviate the condition of the serfs

Front 37

Treaty of Paris 1763

Back 37

Treaty between Britain, France, and Spain, which ended the Seven Years War (and the French and Indian War). France lost Canada, the land east of the Mississippi, some Caribbean islands and India to Britain. France also gave New Orleans and the land west of the Mississippi to Spain, to compensate it for ceeding Florida to the British.

Front 38

Treaty of Paris 1783

Back 38

Treaty Between England and the Colonies , formally ended the American Revolutionary War