Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
called the first Crusade by asking his people for a volunteer army to take Jerusalem and Palestine from Seljuk Turks
|
Pope Urban II
|
|
holy city for people of three faiths
|
Jerusalem
|
|
Third Crusade because it was called by three kings
|
Crusade of Kings
|
|
God will it!
|
"Deus Vult"
|
|
military expeditions by European Christians in the 11-13th centuries to regain the Holy Land from the Muslims
|
Crusades
|
|
attacked the city of Constantinople
|
Fourth Crusade
|
|
King of England who was one of the three kings who organized the Third Crusade
|
Richard I
|
|
Muslim peole from central Asia - took Jerusalem
|
Seljuk Turks
|
|
united Muslim forces in the Third Crusade and then captured Jerusalem
|
Saladin
|
|
1. helped break down Feudalism & increased authority of the kings
2. European presence in the East led to gereater demand for Eastern luxury goods: spices, sugar, melons, tapestries, silk 3. commerce increased in eastern Mediterranean area |
Effects of the Crusades (3)
|
|
1 build better ships
2 make more accurate maps 3 use the magnetic compass to tell direction 4 imporve their weaponry |
Crusaders learned to: (4)
|
|
Jerusalem - holy city for people of three faiths - name them
|
Christian, Muslim, Jewish
|
|
God's own city and the site of Solomon's temple
|
Jews -
|
|
holy because it was where Jesus died and resurrected
|
Christian -
|
|
third holiest city - Muhammad ascended to heaven in Jerusalem
|
Muslims -
|
|
traveling poet-musician who composed poems and songs about love and the feats of knights
|
troubadour
|
|
person who works for a master to learn a trade, art or a business
|
apprentice
|
|
economy based on money which grew and the feudal system declined
|
money economy
|
|
documents that gave them the right to control their own affairs
|
charters
|
|
medieval town - created the name for a new class of people
|
burg
|
|
Peter Abelard wrote a collection of controversial questions
|
Sic et Non
|
|
early scholastic teacher who taught theology in Paris
|
Peter Abelard
|
|
skilled artisan who owned a shop and employed other craftsworkers
|
master
|
|
epic that gives and account of the chivalrous defense of Christianity
|
Song of Roland
|
|
written by Thomas Aquinas - claimed that reason was God's gift that could provide answers to basic questions
|
Summa Theologica
|
|
craftsworker who has finished an apprenticeship and works for pay
|
journeyman
|
|
type of learning that sought to reconcile classical philosophy of Aristotle with the Church's teachings
|
scholasticism
|
|
medieval business association of merchants and craftsworkers;
primary function was to maintain a monopoly of the local market |
guild
|
|
the language of everyday speech
|
vernacular
|
|
wrote The Canterbury Tales which describes a varied group of pilgrims who tell stories to amuse one another
|
Geoffrey Chaucer
|
|
one of the earliest surviving literary works - tale of grim battle and gloomy scenery; show harshness of life
|
Beowulf
|
|
the most important scholastic thinker
|
Thomas Aquinas
|
|
wrote The Inferno in Italian that describes an imaginary journey from hell to heaven
|
Dante Aligheri
|
|
weapon used by English that could shoot arrows capable of piercing heavy armor at 300 yards
|
longbow
|
|
struggle over the throne in England between the royal house of Lancaster and the house of York
|
War of the Roses
|
|
Royal house of York, Edwards brother who tried to rule after Edward was killed but lacked support; he fell to Lancaster noble Henry Tudor
|
Richard III
|
|
Joan of Arc, with the support of King Charles VII, inspired a French army to victory over the English
|
Hundred Years' War
|
|
along with his wife Isabella, they wanted to unite Spain and wanted all Spaniards to be Catholic
|
Ferdinand of Aragon
|
|
reflects the technology of the High Middle Ages; great work of Gothic architecture
|
Cathedral of Chartres
|
|
17 yr old who told France's King Charles VII that heavenly voices had called her to save France
|
Joan of Arc
|
|
assembly of nobles, clergy and town officials in medieval Spain; also the parliament of modern Spain
|
cortes
|
|
tortured, tried and punished anyone suspected of heresy
|
Spanish inquisition
|
|
son of Charles VII strengthened the bureaucracy, kept nobles under royal control, promoted trade and agriculture
|
Louis XI
|
|
The "Back Death" which was the worst medieval epidemic
|
bubonic plague
|
|
first Tudor king who eliminated royal claimants to the throne, avoided costly foreign wars and increased royal power over nobles
|
Henry VII
|
|
where Joan of Arc led the French to victory; thus she is called the "maid of Orleans"
|
Orleans
|
|
consisted of 3 Christian realms: Portugal (west), Castile (center) and Aragon on Mediterranean coast
|
Iberian Peninsula
|
|
married Ferdinand of Aragon, but their two kingdoms maintained separate governments
|
Isabella of Castile
|
|
Christians of Northern Spain had been fighting against Muslim areas in Spain
|
Reconquista
|
|
Wycliffe's followers who angrily criticized the Church
|
the Lollards
|
|
the Slavs of Bohemia
|
Czechs
|
|
supporters of Jan Hus who resisted the Church and the Holy Roman Emperor
|
the Hussites
|
|
two popes were elected and the first one refused to decline causing this
|
the Great Schism
|
|
journey to holy place
|
pilgrimage
|
|
long period of the exile of the popes at Avignon, France - about 70 years
|
Babylonian Captivity
|
|
scholar at England's Oxford University who criticized the Church's wealth, corruption among the clergy and pope's claim to absolute authority
|
John Wycliffe
|
|
the selling of Church possessions
|
simony
|
|
popular preacher and professor at the University of Prague who was the leader of the Czech religious reform movement
|
Jan Hus
|
|
French archbishop who was elected Pope and moved the papacy from Rome to Avignon in France
|
Pope Clement V
|